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Current study is emphasizing on the estimation of heterosis for different yield attributing traits and adaptability of tomato hybrids. It was performed in the research area of VCRP, HRI, NARC Islamabad during 2018-2019. Crossing was completed among six parents followed by line × tester. The analyzed data depicted significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) among all the characters.Due to desirable high negative heterotic values hybrids Peto-86 × Nagina and Riograndi × Roma were found suitable for breeding early maturing hybrids. For plant height maximum positive heterosis was observed in Riograndi × Nagina, for no. of cluster/plant in Naqeeb × Roma, for traits like flower cluster-1, fruit cluster-1, fruit length & width and single fruit weight in Naqeeb × Continental while for yield Riograndi × Continental showed maximum heterosis. Therefore among 9 tested hybrids Naqeeb × Continental was found to be highly preferable and recommended for utilization in different breeding programmes.

The objectives focuses on estimation of the magnitude of heterosis for seed yield and its component traits taking an example of six diverse lines (Pure and Stable) of sweet pepper (red color) which were attempted in half-diallel fashion excluding reciprocals during Kharif 2017 and evaluated with a cultivar Bombay grown in a greenhouse with natural ventilation. The analysis of variance showed significant differences among parents and crosses for all traits studied. On the basis of heterosis studies, RSPUHF-3 × RSPUHF-2 and RSPUHF-4 × RSPUHF-2 were identified highly significant cross combinations over better parent and standard check for the number of seeds per fruit, seed weight per fruit, thousand seed weight and per cent seed recovery, whereas; the crosses RSPUHF-7 × RSPUHF-1 and RSPUHF-7 × RSPUHF-4 exhibited a higher standard heterosis for seed yield per plant. This study showed a desirable heterosis over better parent and standard check for seed yield and contributing traits and can further directly be identified as a superior F1s after their validation over different seasons for growing under protected environments or may be utilized in future breeding programmes to obtain desirable segregants for the development of trait specific superior genotypes.

In order to estimate the mean heterosis, mid parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis (HB), three diallel crossings of Cucúrbita moschata were evaluated, each formed by six parents with three levels of inbreeding (S0, S1, S2). A randomized complete block experimental design was used with four replicates, arranged in split plots. The variables yield per plant (YPP) and average fruit weight (AFW) were analyzed. The hybrids between S1 or S2 inbred lines presented heterotic superiority regarding to those between S0 parents for the variables YPP and AFW. Likewise, the hybrids between S2 inbred lines reported heterotic superiority in comparison to those among S1 inbred lines, for such variables. The hybrids between S2 inbred lines that reported the highest expression levels of HB for YPP were P1xP3, P2xP6 and P1xP2, with values ranging between 131.42 and 98.24%; while the hybrids among S1 inbred lines that recorded the highest values of HB, for this same variable, were P3xP5 and P1xP5 with values of 191.71 and 139.29%, respectively. Furthermore, the hybrids between S2 and S1 inbred lines that registered the highest level of HB for AFW were P1xP3 and P1xP5 with values of 108 and 83.7%, respectively. RESUMEN Para estimar la heterosis promedia, heterosis relativa y hete-robeltiosis (HB) se evaluaron tres cruzamientos dialélicos de Cucurbita moschata, conformados cada uno por seis progenitores con tres niveles de endogamia (S0, S1, S2). Se utilizó el diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones y arreglo en parcelas divididas. Se analizaron las variables producción por planta (PFP) y peso promedio del fruto (PPF). Los híbridos producidos entre líneas endogámicas S2 o S1 presentaron superioridad heterótica en comparación a los híbridos formados entre padres S0 para PFP y PPF. igualmente, los híbridos entre líneas endogámicas S2 reportaron para dichas variables superioridad heterótica con respecto a los híbridos entre líneas endogámicas S1. Los híbridos entre líneas endogámicas S2 que presentaron los mayores niveles de expresión de HB para PFP fueron P1xP3, P2xP6 y P1xP2 con valores entre 131.42 y 98.24%, respectivamente; mientras que los híbridos entre líneas endogámicas S1 que registraron los niveles más altos de HB para dicha variable fueron P3xP5 y P1xP5 con 191.71 y 139.29%, respectivamente. Por otro lado, los híbridos entre líneas endogámicas S2 y S1 que registraron los niveles más altos de HB para PPF fueron P1xP3 y P1xP5, con valores de 108 y 83.7%, respectivamente.

Ultisol is very promising area for Indonesian chili pepper production. This experiment aimed to determine General Combining Ability (GCA), Specific Combining Ability (SCA), heterosis and heterobeltiosis estimates of seven parental lines; A(KG1), B(KG2), C(KG3), D(KG4), E(KG5/UNIB-C-GTS1), F(KG6), and G(KG7) through full-diallel parental crosses. Experiment was conducted from July to November 2012 and designed in Randomized Complete Block with three replications. Results indicated that parent C(KG 3) had the highest GCA estimates for fruit length and fruit weight per plant. Parent F(KG6) had the highest fruit number per plant. Parents B(KG2), D(KD4) and G(KD7) had the highest GCA estimates for fruit diameter. Cross combinations C(KG3)xF(KG6) had the highest SCA estimates for fruit weight and fruit number per plant, whereas G(KG7)xC(KG3) and D(KG4)xG(KG7) had the highest SCA estimates for fruit length and fruit diameter. Cross combinations G(KG7)xC(KG3) and F(KG6)xC(KG3) had the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis estimates for fruit weight per plant, whereas D(KG4)xB(KG2) and D(KG4)xE(KG5) had the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis estimates for fruit number per plant. Cross combinations B(KG2)xE(KG5) and D(KG4)xG(KG7) had the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis estimates for fruit length and fruit diameter. It is suggested that G(KG7)xC(KG3) and F(KG6)xC(KG3) are the most promising chili pepper hybrids grown in Ultisol.

A set of diallel crosses involving 9 parents was made in sesame to measure the extent of heterosis over better parent and standard heterosis for yield and yield contributing characters under four different environments. The results showed that AT 238 × GT 1 (90.70 %), AT 255 × Nesadi Selection (82.91 %) and AT 164 × AT 238 (76.29 %) in E1; AT 238 × GT 1 (109.97 %), AT 255 × Nesadi Selection (103.94 %) and AT 164 × AT 238 (98.34 %) in E2; AT 255 × Nesadi Selection (57.24 %), AT 238 × GT 1 (45.27 %) and AT 164 × AT 238 (40.45 %) in E3; AT 238 × GT 1 (70.35 %), AT 255 × Nesadi Selection (67.39 %) and AT 164 × AT 238 (65.01 %) in E4; and AT 238 × GT 1 (94.43 %), AT 255 × Nesadi Selection (94.24 %) and AT 164 × AT 238 (83.30 %) in pooled over environments were the best three cross combinations with respect to heterobeltiosis. None of the cross combination noted significant and positive standard heterosis in E3 and E4 environment, while AT 238 × AT 345 (15.48 %), AT 282 × GT 10 (14.83 %) and AT 238 × GT 1 (13.28 %) in E1 and AT 238 × AT 345 (41.23 %), AT 282 × GT 10 (26.64 %), AT 238 × GT 1 (24.73%) and AT 164 × AT 238 (18.45 %) in E2 environment manifested the significant and positive standard heterosis. On pooled basis, AT 238 × AT 345 (11.69 %) was the best cross manifested significant and positive standard heterosis for seed yield per plant. This cross also manifested significant standard heterosis in desired direction for yield components like number of branches per plant, height to first capsule and biological yield per plant. Therefore, the cross AT 238 × AT 345 could be exploited further for yield advancement in sesame.

The phenomenon of heterosis has provided the most important genetic tools in improving yield of crop plants. Identification of specific parental combination capable of producing the highest level of heterotic effects in F1 has immense value for commercial exploitation of heterosis. The experimental material comprised of eight parental lines, 28 F1 hybrids with one standard check (GAYMH-1). On the basis of per se values, the parents CML 338, VL-1032 and BLD-11 were recorded maximum kernel yield per plant, while in case of hybrids, CBE-98 × BLD-11, CBE-98 × MRCN-3 and CBE-26 × BLD-11 were best for kernel yield per plant. The population mean for kernel yield per plant was 99.74 gm. Among the 28 hybrids, 4 hybrids i.e. CBE-26 × MRCN-3, CBE-26 × VL-109178, VL-109178 × MRCN-3 and CBE-98 × MRCN-3 manifested significant and desirable heterosis over mid parent, better parent and economic heterosis over check (GAYMH-1) for kernel yield per plant and other component traits viz.cob weight, cob length, cob girth, 100-kernel weight, number of kernel row per cob and number of kernel per row.

A line x tester analysis was carried out with four male sterile lines and twelve testers. These sixteen parents and forty eight crosses were used to estimate the heterosis for ten morpho-nutritional traits viz, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, ear head length, ear head girth, number of grains per cm2, 1000-grain weight, fodder yield per plant, grain Fe content, grain Zn content and grain yield per plant. The study revealed that the hybrids DHLB-18A x K-13/1005, DHLB-17A x K-13/1005 and DHLB-18A x K-13/1017 were superior hybrids for exploitation of grain yield and other morpho-nutritional characters.

Bu çalışmada, farklı orijinli altı ekmeklik buğday [Gönen(G1), Saraybosna(G2), Köksal-2000(G3), Atilla-12(G4), 15-4(G5),ve 22-1(G6)] kullanılarak, tam diallel melezlemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede F1 bitkileri ve anaçlar üzerinde bitki boyu, başak boyu, başakçık sayısı, başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane ağırlığı ve 1000 tane ağırlığı özellikleri incelenmiştir. İncelenen tüm özellikler için Genel Kombinasyon Kabiliyeti (GKK) ve Özel Kombinasyon Kabiliyet, (ÖKK) kareler ortalamasının istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu, resiprokal etkiler ortalamasının ise başak boyu ve başakta tane sayısı özelliklerinde önemsiz, diğer karakterlerde ise önemli olduğu saptanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Gönen buğdayında başak boyu özelliği dışında incelenen bütün özelliklerde GKK değerleri önemli bulunmuştur. Elde edilen melezler için ÖKK değerleri açısından incelendiğinde, G1xG3 melezinde bitki boyu hariç diğer tüm özelliklerde pozitif ve önemli ÖKK etkisi gözlenmiştir. En yüksek dar anlamda kalıtım derecesi 0.464 ile bitki boyu özelliğinde, en düşük değer ise 0.003 ile başak boyu özelliğinde bulunmuştur. Çalışmada en yüksek heterosis değeri %82.54 değeri ile başakta tane sayısı özelliğinde G6xG3 melezinde belirlenirken en düşük değer % - 28.31 değeri ile G5xG3 melezinde başakta tane ağırlığı özelliğinde belirlenmiştir. En yüksek ve en düşük heterobeltiosis değerleri ise sırasıyla %54.01 ve % - 28.63 ile başakta tane ağırlığı özelliğinde belirlenmiştir. In this study, by using 6 different originated common wheat genotypes [Gonen(G1), Saraybosna(G 2), Koksal-2000(G3), Atilla-12(G4), 15-4(G5), 22-1(G6)], full diallel crosses were made. Plant height, spike length, spikelet number/spike, seed number/spike, seed weight/spike and 1000 kernel weight were investigated over F-1 plants and parents. It is found that mean squares of GCA and SCA were significant for all investigated traits whereas it is determined that resiprocal effect was non-significant for spike length and seed number/spike and statistically significant for other traits. GCA effects were determined to be significant for all the traits, except spike lenght, in Gonen wheat. When the SCA effects were examined, in G1xG3 hybrid, except plant height, significant and positive SCA effects were observed for the other traits. The highest narrow-sense heritability was found in plan height by 0.464 and the lowest in spike length by 0.003. The highest heterosis value was observed in G6xG3 hybrid by 82.54% in the seed number/spike, the lowest heterosis was in G5xG3 hybrid by - 28.31% in the trait of seed weight/spike in the study. The highest and the lowest heterobeltiosis values were obtained in the seed weight/spike by 54.01% and - 28.63%, respectively.

Heterosis for seed yield and its components was studied in a set of line x tester crosses of 10 lines and 5 testers. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters indicating that the genotypes exhibited significant differences for all the characters studied. The differences among the parents were highly significant for all the characters except days to 50% flowering, width of capsule and oil content. The differences among the hybrids were also found highly significant for all the characters suggesting the presence of sufficient diversity among hybrids themselves for all the characters. While, differences among the parents vs hybrids were also found significant for six characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of internodes per plant, length of capsule, number of capsules per plant and seed yield per plant. High heterosis was observed for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of internodes per plant, length of capsule, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Whereas, the magnitude of heterosis was moderate for plant height, height to first capsule, width of capsule, number of capsules per leaf axil and oil content. The range of heterobeltiosis for seed yield per plant was from -44.14 to 50.9%, while the standard heterosis ranged from 42.01 to 54.9%. The cross Borda-2 x G.Til-1-9-4 had recorded the highest standard heterosis for seed yield per plant followed by ES-246 x G.Til-4, RMT-180 x G.Til-3 and ES-246 x G.Til-2. These crosses also exhibited desirable heterosis for important yield attributes suggested the heterosis for seed yield was associated with heterosis for component characters, which could be further exploited in sesame breeding.

A study of diallel analysis (excluding reciprocal cross) involving 10 maize inbreds (P 1 to P 10 ) was carried out to identify high heterotic crosses and their relationship in terms of general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) for yield and quality traits in quality protein maize under four different environments. Analysis of variance exhibited highly significant difference among them for all the traits in all the environments. The ratio of gca/sca was less than unity there by indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene action in the expression of all the characters studied. The parents P 1 , P 4 and P 10 for kernel yield, P 1 , P 3 and P 4 for oil content, P 6 and P 9 for protein contentas well as tryptophan content, P 2 , P 6 and P 9 for lysine content were identified as most promising parents due to having good general combining ability in all environments. Among the crosses significant and desirable sca effects were found in P1 x P9, P1 x P10, P2 x P7, P4 x P5, P5 x P9, P6 x P8 and P7 x P9 for kernel yield, P2 x P7, P3 x P5 and P1 x P7 for oil content and P1 x P8 and P5 x P9 for protein, tryptophan and lysine content, respectively. On the basis of heterosis, the hybrids P1 x P10, P2 x P7, P4 x P5 for kernel yield per plant, P3 x P5 for oil, P5 x P9 for protein as well as tryptophan and P1 x P10 for lysine content gave consistent performance in all the environments. Therefore, these crosses could be utilised for further selection of high kernel yield and quality progenies to achieve quantum jump in quality protein maize improvement.

This article 'Heterosis and Heterobeltiosis for High Density Grain Index (HDI) and Other Rice Panicle Characters' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Heterosis and Heterobeltiosis for Five Morphoanatomical Characters of Rice Panicle' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti heterozis i heterobeltiozis za četiri komponente uroda zrna soje te usporediti vrijednosti svojstava F1 hibrida sa roditeljima. Ispitivano je 29 genotipova: 11 roditeljskih i 18 F1 hibrida. Pozitivni heterozis i heterobeltiozis procijenjen je za broj mahuna po biljci (18,75%; 7,9%), broj zrna po biljci (16,14%; 3,98%) te za masu zrna po biljci (25,72%; 11,87%). Za žetveni indeks po biljci dobiven je niski pozitivni heterozis (6,62%) i negativni heterobeltiozis (-1,08%). Kombinacije križanja koje se odlikuju visokim prosječnim vrijednostima i pozitivnim procjenama heterozisa za većinu analiziranih svojstava (Ika x Vita, Podravka 95 x Ika, Ika x OS-1212-05) su populacije iz kojih se očekuje izbor novih superiornih linija. U cjelini, dobiveni rezultati ovog istraživanja doprinjet će učinkovitosti oplemenjivačkog postupka u povećanju genetskog potencijala rodnosti domaće germplazme soje., The objective of this research was to evaluate heterosis and heterobeltiosis for four grain yield components in soybean and to compare performances of the F1 hybrids with those of the parents. The research involved 29 genotypes: 11 parental and 18 F1 hybrids. Positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis were evaluated for the pod number per plant (18.75%; 7.9%), seed number per plant (16.14%; 3.98%) and for the seed weight per plant (25.72%; 11.8%). Low positive heterosis (6.62%) and negative heterobeltiosis (-1.08%) were determined for the trait harvest index per plant. The cross combinations characterized by high mean values and positive evaluations of heterosis for most analyzed traits (Ika x Vita, Podravka 95 x Ika, Ika x OS-1212-05) are populations from which selection of new superior lines are expected. Generally, the obtained results of this study will contribute to the efficiency of the breeding process to the increasing of yield genetic potential in the domestic soybean germplasm.