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Objective To investigate the utility of an automatic deep learning (DL) method for segmentation of T2 maps in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) against healthy controls, and also the association of quantitative T2 values in patients with laboratory and pulmonary findings. Methods Structural MRI and T2 mapping of bilateral thigh muscles from patients with IIM and healthy volunteers were segmented using dedicated software based on a pre-trained convolutional neural network. Incremental and federated learning were implemented for continuous adaptation and improvement. Muscle T2 values derived from DL segmentation were compared between patients and healthy controls, and T2 values of patients were further analyzed with serum muscle enzymes, and interstitial lung disease (ILD) which was diagnosed and graded based on chest HRCT. Results Overall, 64 patients (27 patients with dermatomyositis, 29 with polymyositis, and 8 with antisynthetase syndrome (ASS)) and 10 healthy controls were included. By using DL-based muscle segmentation, T2 values generated from T2 maps accurately differentiated patients from those of controls (p < 0.001) with a cutoff value of 36.4 ms (sensitivity 96.9%, and specificity 100%). In patients with IIM, muscle T2 values positively correlated with all the serum muscle enzymes (all p < 0.05). ILD score of patients with ASS was markedly higher than that of those without ASS (p = 0.011), while dissociation between the severity of muscular involvement and ILD was observed (p = 0.080). Conclusion Automatic DL could be used to segment thigh muscles and help quantitatively assess muscular inflammation of IIM through T2 mapping. Key Points • Muscle T2 mapping automatically segmented by deep learning can differentiate IIM from healthy controls. • T2 value, an indicator of active muscle inflammation, positively correlates with serum muscle enzymes. • T2 mapping can detect muscle disease in patients with normal muscle enzyme levels.

Funder: Chronic Disease Research Foundation; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011721, Funder: Zoe Global Ltd, Multiple studies across global populations have established the primary symptoms characterising Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and long COVID. However, as symptoms may also occur in the absence of COVID-19, a lack of appropriate controls has often meant that specificity of symptoms to acute COVID-19 or long COVID, and the extent and length of time for which they are elevated after COVID-19, could not be examined. We analysed individual symptom prevalences and characterised patterns of COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms across nine UK longitudinal studies, totalling over 42,000 participants. Conducting latent class analyses separately in three groups ('no COVID-19', 'COVID-19 in last 12 weeks', 'COVID-19 > 12 weeks ago'), the data did not support the presence of more than two distinct symptom patterns, representing high and low symptom burden, in each group. Comparing the high symptom burden classes between the 'COVID-19 in last 12 weeks' and 'no COVID-19' groups we identified symptoms characteristic of acute COVID-19, including loss of taste and smell, fatigue, cough, shortness of breath and muscle pains or aches. Comparing the high symptom burden classes between the 'COVID-19 > 12 weeks ago' and 'no COVID-19' groups we identified symptoms characteristic of long COVID, including fatigue, shortness of breath, muscle pain or aches, difficulty concentrating and chest tightness. The identified symptom patterns among individuals with COVID-19 > 12 weeks ago were strongly associated with self-reported length of time unable to function as normal due to COVID-19 symptoms, suggesting that the symptom pattern identified corresponds to long COVID. Building the evidence base regarding typical long COVID symptoms will improve diagnosis of this condition and the ability to elicit underlying biological mechanisms, leading to better patient access to treatment and services.

Background: There are many reconstruction methods after sternal tumor resection, but the method that LARS mesh combines with bone-cement has not been reported.Case report: A 54-year-old female patient and a 55-year-old male patient admitted to our department all presented with sternum masses, but neither presented with respiratory disorders. In women with limited manubrium sternum lesions, we resected the manubrium sternum completely. In men with sternal lesions, we removed part of the sternum and part of the sternocostal joint. The patients recovered well after surgery, and there were no respiratory complications and no tumor recurrence during the 1-year follow-up respectively.Conclusion: We report two cases of sternal defect repair using LARS mesh combined with bone cement. This method is safe and stable, and can achieve satisfactory results.

We study the dispersions of the guided modes in the continuous uniaxial crystal slab waveguide and engineer their degeneracies through dielectric anisotropy. By switching the uniaxial positivity and negativity, we can obtain distinctive nodal types, point and line, for the lowest degeneracy in frequency. The mirror symmetry protections, Mx and My, are pointed out, and the degeneracy properties are intuitively analyzed through comparing the approximate slopes of the guided modes. Our results reveal a link between the lowest nodal types and the positivity/negativity of the uniaxial crystal, and provide a new approach to regulate the topology of degeneracy in two-dimensional photonic bands.

The origin of ferromagnetism in epitaxial strained LaCoO3-x films has been a long controversial hitherto. Here, we investigated the magnetic behavior of a series of oxygen vacancies ordered LaCoO3-x films on different substrates. Obvious ferromagnetism was observed in perovskite LaCoO3/LSAT and LaCoO3/STO films, while LaCoO3/LAO films show weak ferromagnetism behavior. Meanwhile, LaCoO2.67 films exhibit antiferromagnetic behavior. An unexpected low-temperature ferromagnetism phenomenon with a Curie temperature of ~83 K and a saturation magnetization of ~1.2 μB/Co was discovered in15-nm-thick LaCoO2.5/LSAT thin films, which is probably related to the interface CoO6 octahedral rotation pattern change. Meanwhile, the observed ferromagnetism gradually disappears as the thickness of the film increases, indicating a tensile strain relaxation. Analysis suggests that the rotation and rhombohedral distortion of the CoO6 octahedron weakened the crystal field splitting and promoted the generation of the ordered high-spin state of Co2+, thus super-exchange effect between Co2+ (HS), Co2+ (LS), and Co2+ (HS) produced a low-temperature ferromagnetic behavior. However, compressive-strained LaCoO2.5 film on LaAlO3 substrate shows normal anti-ferromagnetism behavior. These results demonstrate both oxygen vacancies and tensile strain are correlated with the emergent magnetic properties in epitaxial LaCoO3-x films and provides a new perspective to regulate the magnetic properties of transition oxide thin films.

We study the Wannier-Stark (WS) localization in one-dimensional amplitude-chirped lattices with the $j$th onsite potential modulated by a function $Fj\cos(2\pi \alpha j)$, where $F$ is the external field with a period determined by $\alpha=p/q$ ($p$ and $q$ are co-prime integers). In the Hermitian (or non-Hermitian) systems with real (or imaginary) fields, we can obtain real (or imaginary) WS ladders in the eigenenergy spectrum. In most cases with $q \geq 2$, there are multiple WS ladders with all the eigenstates localized in the strong field limit. However, in the lattices with $q=4$, the energy-dependent localization phenomenon emerges due to the competition between spatially periodic and linearly increasing behaviors in the onsite potential. About half the number of eigenstates are gathered at the band center and can extend over a wide region or even the full range of the lattice, even when the field becomes very strong. Moreover, in the non-Hermitian lattices with odd $q$, some of the WS ladders become doubly degenerate, where the eigenstates are evenly distributed at two neighboring sites in a wide regime of field strength. Our work opens an avenue for exploring WS localization in both Hermitian and non-Hermitian amplitude-chirped lattices., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures

Additional file 3: Table1. Advantages and disadvantages of biomaterials for neural tissue regeneration.

This paper investigates limited-budget consensus design and analysis problems of general high-order multiagent systems with intermittent communications and switching topologies. The main contribution of this paper is that the tradeoff design between the energy consumption and the consensus performance can be realized while achieving leaderless or leader-following consensus, under constraints of limited budgets and intermittent communications. Firstly, a new intermittent limited-budget consensus control protocol with a practical trade-off design index is proposed, where the total budget of the whole multiagent system is limited. Then, leaderless limited-budget consensus design and analysis criteria are derived, in which the matrix variables of linear matrix inequalities are determined according to the total budget and the practical trade-off design parameters. Meanwhile, an explicit formulation of the consensus function is derived to describe the consensus state trajectory of the whole system. Moreover, a new two-stage transformation strategy is utilized for leader-following cases, by which the dynamics decomposition of leaderless and leader-following cases can be converted into a unified framework, and sufficient conditions of the leader-following limited-budget consensus design and analysis are determined via those of the leaderless cases. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate theoretical results.

This article is based on the use of GE combined with longitudinal lag time to quantify cardiac MRI screening for amyloidosis autologous thousand-cell transplantation, combined with clinical routine risk stratification, method for risk assessment of patients with amyloidosis and monitor the patient’s evaluation of the efficacy after treatment. Cardiac involvement with systemic amyloidosis is of great significance for both treatment and prognosis assessment, and is essential for quantitative and qualitative diagnosis or objectively providing prognostic value. In summary, myocardial amyloidosis needs to be studied before heart failure. It is recommended that patients undergo routine cardiac MRI examination to comprehensively evaluate cardiac morphology, function, risk stratification, prognosis, and treatment guidance. Diagnosis based on a single modality has been replaced by a comprehensive multi-modality method, and there is sufficient evidence to show the potential value of cardiac. However, with the continuous improvement of quality and value in the medical field, the field of cardiac will inevitably develop. The predicted and baseline indexes of myocardial strain predicted cardiac remission were 0.96 and 0.79, respectively. When the predictive value of clinical routine indicators and cardiac indicators is analyzed using blood response as the evaluation standard, the reduction in end-diastolic volume/body surface area (P = 0.031) can predict complete haematological remission. Folded cross-validation test shows that the end-diastolic volume/body surface area reduction and the baseline index IgG combined with myocardial strain predict AUC of complete blood remission of 0.78 and 0.76, respectively. This study will also continue to follow up and increase the sample size to verify the current conclusions.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the intervention effect of curcumin in myocardial infarction rodent models.Methods: A systematic retrieval of relevant studies on curcumin intervention in rats or mice myocardial infarction models was conducted, and the data were extracted. The outcome indicators included biochemical blood indicators, such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as cardiac tissue structure indicators, such as left ventricular weight to body weight ratio (LVW/BW), apoptosis index, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and myocardial infarction area, and hemodynamic indexes, such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+dp/dtmax), and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decline (–dp/dtmax). These results were then analyzed by meta-analysis. Studies were evaluated for methodological quality using the syrcle’s bias risk tool.Results: A total of 24 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The quality assessment of included studies revealed that the evidence was low quality and none of studies was judged as having a low risk of bias across all domains. The results revealed that curcumin could reduce CK-MB, CK, LDH, and MDA levels. They also revealed that it could lower SBP, DBP, LVEDP, LVW/BW, apoptosis index, LVEDD, LVESD, and myocardial infarction area and increase LVEF, LVFS, +dp/dtmax, and–dp/dtmax. However, it had no significant impact on the heart rate and the levels of SOD in the models.Conclusion: Curcumin alleviates myocardial injury and oxidative stress in myocardial infarction rodent models in terms of blood biochemistry indicators, improves the diastolic and systolic capacity of the ventricle in terms of hemodynamic indexes, and reduces the necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in terms of tissue structure. The methodological quality of the studies was low and additional research is warranted.

Graphical Abstract

A neural network with the widely-used ReLU activation has been shown to partition the sample space into many convex polytopes for prediction. However, the parameterized way a neural network and other machine learning models use to partition the space has imperfections, \textit{e}.\textit{g}., the compromised interpretability for complex models, the inflexibility in decision boundary construction due to the generic character of the model, and the risk of being trapped into shortcut solutions. In contrast, although the non-parameterized models can adorably avoid or downplay these issues, they are usually insufficiently powerful either due to over-simplification or the failure to accommodate the manifold structures of data. In this context, we first propose a new type of machine learning models referred to as Manifoldron that directly derives decision boundaries from data and partitions the space via manifold structure discovery. Then, we systematically analyze the key characteristics of the Manifoldron such as manifold characterization capability and its link to neural networks. The experimental results on 4 synthetic examples, 20 public benchmark datasets, and 1 real-world application demonstrate that the proposed Manifoldron performs competitively compared to the mainstream machine learning models. We have shared our code in \url{https://github.com/wdayang/Manifoldron} for free download and evaluation.

Magnetic resonance imaging plays an essential role in clinical diagnosis by acquiring the structural information of biological tissue. Recently, many multi-contrast MRI super-resolution networks achieve good effects. However, most studies ignore the impact of the inappropriate foreground scale and patch size of multi-contrast MRI, which probably leads to inappropriate feature alignment. To tackle this problem, we propose the Flexible Alignment Super-Resolution Network (FASR-Net) for multi-contrast MRI Super-Resolution. The Flexible Alignment module of FASR-Net consists of two modules for feature alignment. (1) The Single-Multi Pyramid Alignment(S-A) module solves the situation where low-resolution (LR) images and reference (Ref) images have different scales. (2) The Multi-Multi Pyramid Alignment(M-A) module solves the situation where LR and Ref images have the same scale. Besides, we propose the Cross-Hierarchical Progressive Fusion (CHPF) module aiming at fusing the features effectively, further improving the image quality. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, FASR-net achieves the most competitive results on FastMRI and IXI datasets. Our code will be available at \href{https://github.com/yimingliu123/FASR-Net}{https://github.com/yimingliu123/FASR-Net}.

We define a cup product on the Hochschild cohomology of an associative conformal algebra $A$, and show the cup product is graded commutative. We define a graded Lie bracket with the degree $-1$ on the Hochschild cohomology $\HH^{\ast}(A)$ of an associative conformal algebra $A$, and show that the Lie bracket together with the cup product is a Gerstenhaber algebra on the Hochschild cohomology of an associative conformal algebra. Moreover, we consider the Hochschild cohomology of split extension conformal algebra $A\hat{\oplus}M$ of $A$ with a conformal bimodule $M$, and show that there exist an algebra homomorphism from $\HH^{\ast}(A\hat{\oplus}M)$ to $\HH^{\ast}(A)$.

In this paper, we study the Batalin-Vilkovisky structure on the Hochschild cohomology of quantum zigzag algebras $A_{q}$ of type $\widetilde{\mathbf{A}}_{1}$. We first calculate the dimensions of Hochschild homology groups and Hochschild cohomology groups of $A_{q}$. Based on these computations, we determine the Hochschild cohomology ring of $A_{q}$, and give the Batalin-Vilkovisky operator and the Gerstenhaber bracket on Hochschild cohomology ring of $A_{q}$ explicitly.

supporting information

The traditional methods for preparing expanded graphite (EG) often require harsh conditions and take a long time resulting in a high-cost and severe environmental pollution. A simple, energy-saving and efficient route for preparing EG was developed, in which flake graphite was exfoliated with K2S2O8 under concentrated H2SO4 at 80 oC for a few minutes. The microstructures, morphology and functional groups of the EG were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, and the electrical conductivity was measured by a four-point probe method. Results indicated that the flake graphite transformed into a worm-like structure after expansion with slight damage to the graphite sheets. A maximum expanded volume of 150 mL/g was obtained under the optimal conditions of 80 oC for 5 min with mass ratios of graphite to K2S2O8 of 1:7 and graphite to concentrated H2SO4 of 1:20. The electrical conductivity of the flexible graphite film prepared by rolling from the optimized EG reached 5.47×104 S/m. The mild oxidation and oxygen released by the decomposition of K2S2O8 under the acidic conditions are responsible for the efficiency of the method, which is promising for the mass production of EG due to its simplicity, low cost and low environmental impact.

Fermented meat products have a long history in China. These products exhibit a characteristic unique flavor, compact meat quality, clear color, long shelf life and wide variety and are easy to transport. During the processing and storage of fermented meat products, microorganisms are present and exhibit diverse characteristics. Microorganisms can accelerate the degradation of proteins and fats to produce flavor compounds, inhibit the growth and reproduction of heterozygous bacteria, and reduce the content of chemical pollutants. This paper reviews the microbial diversity of Chinese ham, sausage, preserved meat, pressed salted duck, preserved fish and air-dried meat and provides analyses of the microbial compositions of various products. Due to the differences in raw materials, technology, auxiliary materials, and fermentation technology, the microbial species found in various fermented meat products in China are different. However, most fermented meat products in China are subjected to pickling and fermentation, so their microbial compositions also have similarities. Microorganisms in fermented meat products mainly include staphylococci, lactobacilli, micrococci, yeasts, and molds. The study of microbial diversity is of great significance for the formation of quality flavor and the safety control of fermented meat products, and it provides some theoretical reference for the study of fermented meat products in China.

The economic operation optimization of microgrid is an important research topic in the power system. Therefore, this paper proposes a surrogate model particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the global-local search mechanism. Firstly, aiming at the problem that the statistical information of Kriging model is difficult to guarantee the prediction accuracy, the dynamic transformation is carried out to enhance the robustness of the model; secondly, the global-local search mechanism is introduced to make the algorithm fully explore the fitness landscape near the Kriging model after quickly locating the current optimal particle position, so as to achieve the balance of convergence quality and convergence efficiency. The proposed method has been tested on numerous benchmark test functions from two test suites, and the results show that the proposed algorithm has more advantages than other comparison algorithms in optimization accuracy. Finally, simulations are carried out in two operating modes of microgrid islanding and grid-connected, which has verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Additional file 1.

Twisted moir�� superlattices (TMSs) are fascinating materials with exotic physical properties. Despite tremendous studies on electronic, photonic and phononic TMSs, it has never been witnessed that TMSs can exhibit higher-order band topology. Here, we report on the experimental observation of higher-order topological states in acoustic TMSs. By introducing moir�� twisting in bilayer honeycomb lattices of coupled acoustic resonators, we find a regime with designed interlayer couplings where a sizable band gap with higher-order topology emerges. This higher-order topological phase host unique topological edge and corner states, which can be understood via the Wannier centers of the acoustic Bloch bands below the band gap. We confirm experimentally the higher-order band topology by characterizing the edge and corner states using acoustic pump-probe measurements. With complementary theory and experiments, our study opens a pathway toward band topology in TMSs., 4 figures

Additional file 2.

Additional file 2. Brain volumetry quantified by different automatic segmentation tools on multiple scanners.

The data describes a study of producing CO from CO2 electrochemical reduction with high efficiency by using binary copper-indium catalyst, which is a supplymentary to a paper on ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ( DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16862 )

Supplemental material, Supp_Material_cIMT_and_CSVD_cognitive_function20200623 for Carotid intima–media thickness relative to cognitive impairment in dialysis patients, and their relationship with brain volume and cerebral small vessel disease by Ke Zheng, Yujun Qian, Tiaye Lin, Fei Han, Hui You, Xixi Tao, Bo Hou, Jing Yuan, Haiyun Wang, Dingding Zhang, Ke Lv, Feng Feng, Yicheng Zhu and Xuemei Li in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

Additional file 1. Sample case for calculating the CV of volumetric data from different scanners in a single subject.

Electrolytic capacitor is widely selected as output capacitor in DC-DC converter, while it has limited reliability. Monitoring the equivalent series resistance (ESR) is an effective method to diagnostic the output capacitor. In this paper, an online monitoring scheme of ESR is present for discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) Buck converters. Based on the output ripple voltage, the model of ESR is established. By sampling the output ripple voltage, the ESR is calculated using the sampled values. The proposed method reduces the current measurement and avoids the change of converter topology. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the method.

Background Mitral regurgitation (MR) has a severe impact on hemodynamics and induces severe structural changes in the left atrium. Atrial remodeling is known to alter excitability and conduction in the atrium facilitating atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. PMVR is a feasible and highly effective procedure to reduce MR in high‐risk patients, which are likely to suffer from atrial rhythm disturbances. So far, electroanatomical changes after PMVR have not been studied. Hypothesis In the current study, we investigated changes in surface electrocardiograms (ECGs) of patients undergoing PMVR for reduction of MR. Methods We evaluated 104 surface ECGs from patients in sinus rhythm undergoing PMVR. P wave duration, P wave amplitude, PR interval, QRS duration, QRS axis, and QT interval were evaluated before and after PMVR and at follow‐up. Results We found no changes in QRS duration, QRS axis, and QT interval after successful PMVR. However, P wave duration, amplitude, and PR interval were significantly decreased after reduction of MR through PMVR (P

The inhibitory effect of resveratrol on the growth of gastric cancer cells through downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were studied. First we determined the effective concentration of resveratrol on the growth and proliferation of MGC-803 gastric cancer cells. Methylthiazolyl tetrazolium assay showed that resveratrol significantly inhibited the proliferation of MGC-803 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Resveratrol induced apoptotic morphological changes in MGC-803 cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis showed that resveratrol downregulated the expression of three important components of the Wnt signaling pathway, β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1, at the mRNA and protein levels. Overall, resveratrol inhibits the growth of MGC-803 cells by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway. This study provides a new idea and direction for the antitumor mechanism of resveratrol.

Differences in patients with and without different kinds of CSVD (n = 72)a. This table showed the comparison of the demographic and clinical features between subjects with or without of CSVD in univariate model. Four kinds of CSVD were compared separately. By these analyses, we got the primary idea about the possible factors that may be relative to CSVD and figured out the factors needed to be adjusted in the multivariate models. Table S2 a Factors that would influence cognitive functions. These were the analyses of the relationship between the demographic, clinical features and cognitive tests (the MMSE/MoCA test) scores in univariate model. By these analyses, we found out the factors which might influence the cognitive function and needed to be adjusted in the multivariate models. Table S3 Associations [OR(95%CIs)] between nPCR and hsCRP and different signs of CSVD in patients younger than 65 yrs. a. These were sensitive analyses of the relationships between nPCR and hsCRP and different signs of CSVD in subjects who were younger than 65 yrs. . The results demonstrated similar tendency of influence of nPCR and hsCRP on four kinds of CSVD in model 1, 2 and 3 in the whole cohort. However, limited by the sample size, the results did not reach statistical significance. (DOCX 27 kb)

Belt grinding is characterized by elastic contact grinding. Generally, the non-uniform material in complex machining area could be removed by repeated grinding or longer dwell-time grinding to obtain the required grinding capacity, which leads to low efficiency, difficult dimension accuracy control and poor surface quality. It should be considered thoroughly surface geometry, grinding force and system stiffness in surface belt grinding. Belt grinding parameters can be then dynamically adjusted. This paper focuses on controlling material removal efficiently and uniformly in marine propeller belt grinding. The material removal process is modelled considering elastic contact between grinding wheel and workpiece. Then, a grinding depth and grinding dwell time control strategy of surface belt grinding is proposed based on rigid-flexible coupled analysis. The variable feed grinding experiments were carried out on the developed five-axis CNC belt grinding machine integrated measuring and machining. The marine propeller with cast aluminum bronze (ZCuAl8Mn13Fe3Ni2) was employed to validate the proposed controllable material removal strategy. It is shown that the proposed strategy is feasible and efficient.

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a new type of solid-state connection which can reduce structural weight significantly. In this paper, fatigue tests and finite element analysis were employed to study fatigue properties and residual stresses of aerial aluminum alloy 2524-T3 FSW joint. The residual stresses in FSW joint were obtained by a nonlinear direct coupled-field finite element analysis. On the basis of finite element analysis results, the fatigue life of FSW joint was estimated. It is verified that the analytic and estimated results agree with that of experiment.

Aiming at the tracking filters are liable to diverge and the tracking precision is low when tracking nonlinear maneuvering target, an Interacting Multiple Model Square-root Cubature Kalman Filter (IMMSCKF) is developed by introducing Square-root Cubature Kalman Filter (SCKF) into Interacting Multiple Model (IMM). This method uses SCKF for filtering each model, the weighted sum of the outputs of all parallel SCKF is taken as the output of IMMSCKF. Simulation shows that IMMSCKF has higher precision, quicker model switching speed, and smaller calculation cost compared with IMMUKF.

SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2 was prepared by coprecipitation and dipping methods, and characterized by FT-IR, BET surface area measurement and NH3-TPD, and those results demonstrate the SO42- was loaded on the catalyst and the catalyst have enough surface area and pore size. The effect of methanol oil mole ratio, catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time on the conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel was investigated to find optimum reaction conditions. From the orthogonal experiments, the optimum reaction condition was shown as follows: methanol oil mole ratio is 25:1, catalyst dosage is 5% of oil, reaction temperature is 120°C, reaction time is 8h, the yield reached 96.68%.

Fossil oil as a nonrenewable energy resource, with the development of global economy, the need for energy increases continuously. Biodiesel is a renewable and clean energy, which is made by vegetable oil or animal fat and methyl alcohol to produce fatty acid esters. This research shows that waste cooking oil can be used for biodiesel by the means of esterification and transesterification, at the same time waste cooking oil can be reused. Through orthogonal design, the optimum conditions are that at first ,using sulfuric acid 5wt% of waste cooking oil as catalyst, the molar ratio of methanol and oil is 30:1, the reaction temperature is 65 °C，and the reaction time is 3h ; the second step, KOH is used as catalyst, the amount of the KOH is 0.15wt%, the levels of methanol to oil ratio is 25:1, reaction temperature is 60 °C， reaction time is 1h. The maximum yield of biodiesel is 93.24wt%.

In this paper, the theory of apparent permeability and effective permeability of the core is described. The apparent permeability with coil in different positions of the core is investigated and simulated by HFSS. The best location of the coil is determined according to the curves of the apparent permeability. The relationship between the effective permeability and aspect ratio of the core is investigated and compared with the theoretical derivation, verifying the accuracy of theoretical analysis. Specification of core in shape is solved. Core losses are further discussed. Quantitative analysis of core losses is obtained.

In this paper, we introduce the reduced matrix in kq representation and provide the reduced matrix elements of a projection operator on the rational noncommutative orbifold T2/Z4. we give the closed form for the projector by Jacobi elliptical functions. Since projectors correspond to soliton solutions of the field theory on the noncommutative orbifold, we thus present a corresponding soliton solution.

The second reference state of the open XYZ spin chain with non-diagonal boundary terms is studied. The associated Bethe states exactly yield the second set of eigenvalues proposed recently by functional Bethe Ansatz.

One goal of implementing PHM (Prognostic and Health Management) is to lower the cost of maintenance, and it is highly recommended to implement the model that is adequate for providing the right tool for evaluating PHM system. The implementing PHM will lead some cost and achieve some benefits. There are many types of costs, such as PHM implementation cost, the cost of buying or developing, integrating, and sustaining a PHM technology. The benefit can be quantified in both economic and in non-economic terms. In addition, benefits should be evaluated from a total enterprise viewpoint. This paper presents a methodology to perform cost-benefit analysis from the view of lower costs, analysis the main factors of implementing PHM and designs the Cost-Benefit Model. Using this model, we calculate costs and benefits from PHM together in integrating way according to the different scenarios and choose the right method to get the goal of lowering costs.

Statement of problem Previous research into the strength of endodontically treated or vital teeth restored with inlays or onlays has not determined which restoration method and material provide the most favorable stress distribution upon loading. Purpose The purpose of this study was to calculate the von Mises stresses in a mandibular first molar using a 3-dimensional (3-D) finite element model. Models compared endodontically treated and vital teeth, a variety of restorative materials, and the use of either inlays or onlays to restore teeth. Material and methods Four 3-D models of mandibular first molars were created: (1) the IV group (inlay restored, vital pulp); (2) the OV group (onlay restored, vital pulp); (3) the IE group (inlay restored, endodontically treated); and (4) the OE group (onlay restored, endodontically treated). In each group, 3 types of restorative material were tested: (1) composite resin, (2) ceramic, and (3) gold alloy. The materials had elastic moduli of 19 GPa, 65 GPa, and 96.6 GPa, respectively. Each model was subjected to a force of 45 N directed to the occlusal surface, applied either vertically or laterally (45 degrees obliquely). The stresses occurring in dentin tissue were calculated. The stress distribution patterns and the maximum von Mises stresses were calculated and compared. Results The different restorative materials exhibited similar stress distribution patterns under identical loading conditions. In each group, the gold-restored tooth exhibited the highest von Mises stress, followed by ceramic and composite resin. The maximum von Mises stress in dentin was found in the IE group (16.73 MPa), which was 5 times higher than the highest value found in the OV group (2.96 MPa). The highest stresses, which occurred at the floor of the preparation and the cervical region in dentin, were in the IE group. The stress concentration area in the IE group was also larger. Conclusions The results indicate that endodontic treatment caused higher stress concentration in dentin compared with vital teeth, but that proper restoration can minimize internal stresses. In the models, the von Mises stress values increased with the increasing elastic modulus of the restorative material. Composite resin onlays showed the best performance overall in minimizing internal stresses. As internal stresses are indicated as a prime failure mechanism of the restoration, composite resin onlays are expected to better restore structural integrity.

LetAq=k〈x,y〉/(x2,xy+qyx,y2) be the quantum exterior algebra over a fieldkwith$\mathrm {char}\,k\neq 2$, and let Λqbe the ℤ2×ℤ2-Galois covering ofAq. In this paper the minimal projective bimodule resolution of Λqis constructed explicitly, and from it we can calculate thek-dimensions of all Hochschild homology and cohomology groups of Λq. Moreover, the cyclic homology of Λqcan be calculated in the case where the underlying field is of characteristic zero.

Hardware Trojan embedded by adversaries has emerged as a serious security threat. Until now, there is no a universal method for effective and accurate detection. Since traditional analysis approaches sometime seem helpless when the Trojan area is extremely tiny, this paper will focus on the novel detection method based on frequency spectrum analysis. Meanwhile, a failure physics model is presented and depicted in detail. A digital CORDIC IP core is adopted as a golden circuit, while a counter is utilized as a Trojan circuit. The automatic test platform is set up with Xilinx FPGA, LabVIEW software, and high precision oscilloscope. The power trace of the core power supply in FPGA is monitored and saved for frequency spectrum analysis. Experimental results in time domain and frequency domain both accord with those of theoretical analysis, which verifies that the proposed failure physics model is accurate. In addition, due to immunity to vast measurement noise, the novel method processing in frequency domain is superior to the traditional method conducting in time domain. It can easily achieve about 0.1% Trojan detection sensitivity, which indicates that the novel detection method is effective.

The thin-walled structures always tend to distort and deform during machining due to its low rigidity, which will influence the tolerance characteristics of the final product. Thus, to control machining accuracy of is very challenging. This paper focuses on a solution to this problem, an information-localizing method for machining large thin-wall structures is proposed. Further, a fiducial correction algorithm is used to compensate the machining deformation error. Finally, the experiments were carried out, and the results indicated that the proposed method can improve the machining accuracy.

A high temperature superconductor (HTS) cable system of both a length of 4 metre and a normal current of 2 KA with terminations and a cooling system has been built up and tested. The cable conductor was made of Bi-2223 tape. A space maintained vacuum between two corrugated stainless steel tubes functions as the cryostat surrounding the superconductor. A series of tests were carried out to verify the functions of the system. The important data obtained can be used to make longer HTS cable systems.

Multiple sequence alignment is a method to compare two or more DNA or protein sequences. Most of multiple sequence alignment tools rely on pairwise alignment and Smith-Waterman algorithm to generate an alignment hierarchy. Therefore, in the existing multiple alignment method as the number of sequences increases, the runtime increases exponentially. In order to remedy this problem, we adopted a parallel processing suffix tree algorithm that is able to search for common subsequences at one time without pairwise alignment. Also, the cross-matching subsequences triggering inexact-matching among the searched common subsequences might be produced. So, the cross-matching masking process was suggested in this paper. To identify the function of the clusters generated by suffix tree clustering, BLAST and CDD (Conserved Domain Database)search were combined with a clustering tool. Our clustering and annotating tool consists of constructing suffix tree, overlapping common subsequences, clustering gene sequences and annotating gene clusters by BLAST and CDD search. The system was successfully evaluated with 36 gene sequences in the pentose phosphate pathway, clustering 10 clusters, finding out representative common subsequences, and finally identifying functional domains by searching CDD database.