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The authors consider the issues of geopolitical subjectivity of Ukraine in the context of globalization processes, starting from the end of the 18th century. The article proves that each significant stage of globalization (the authors use the conceptual metaphor "wave of globalization"), among others, results in anti-colonial revolutions, the emergence of new states, and the independence of countries conquered by empires. Far not every anti-colonial revolution is connected with the formation and establishment of a new geopolitical subject, however, each testifies to a certain national maturity and subjectivity of the activist of such a revolution. This all applied in the past and applies to Ukraine now.Globalization was not and is not a linear process. It sees "ebbs and flows", sometimes the destruction of the achieved gains and advantages of the global economic and political systems. At the initial stages of globalization, despite the problems caused primarily by Russian imperial rule, Ukrainian society underwent noticeable modernization, but found itself in a situation of "delayed nation-building". Various, sometimes diametrically opposed, globalization projects compete with each other and influence those countries that have not yet acquired political subjectivity on the world stage. According to the authors, during the 20th and 21st centuries, the main plot of world development was the constant struggle between more or less democratic and currently totalitarian globalization projects, which had Ukraine as one of their arenas. The emergence of totalitarian states and corresponding global projects coincided in time with the Ukrainian revolution that began in 1917 and had a significant impact on its course, results, and subsequent events. The authors insist that already at that time, Ukraine had already become an important geopolitical factor, but not yet a subject, although certain Ukrainian forces were already internationally significant figures. Ukraine has become a full-fledged geopolitical subject under the current circumstances, having managed to effectively resist Russian aggression.

The main features of inheritance relations with a foreign element are given. The main issues to be resolved in inheritance relations with the help of international agreements concluded by Ukraine with foreign states on legal assistance in civil cases were identified. It has been established that the norms of two dozen bilateral international agreements on legal assistance and about three dozen consular conventions that Ukraine has concluded with many states are devoted to the issue of international inheritance. Some of the conventions operate in the order of succession of Ukraine after the collapse of the USSR. Comparative analysis of the content of the texts of bilateral international agreements of Ukraine with foreign states on legal assistance in civil matters allowed classifying them by methods of regulation of inheritance relations into three groups: ones that do not contain separate articles (articles) on the regulation of inheritance relations; agreements on legal relations and legal assistance in civil matters between Ukraine and foreign countries, which contain provisions on inheritance relations, which in turn are divided into two groups depending on the structure and content of the articles: inheritance cases and the right to inheritance. The analysis gives grounds to claim the lack of a unified approach to the conclusion of contracts in the third group. This cannot be explained by the will of the parties, because the content of this group of agreements has a high level of identity. The agreement between Ukraine and the Republic of Cyprus on legal assistance in civil matters, which has a separate section IV on inheritance, has an exceptional content in the regulation of inheritance relations, but in comparison with other two groups of agreements with foreign countries contains very brief information. From the analyzed bilateral international agreements it was concluded that most aspects of inheritance relations are regulated by the personal law of a testator or the right of location of a property. There is a gradual overcoming of the problem of splitting the inheritance status, regardless of the location of the inheritance, the spread of the possibility of choosing the applicable law to the estate.

Liver diseases represent one of the most common problems in gastroenterology. The liver, as the most important organ of metabolism, which plays a major role in anabolic and energy processes, takes part in the adaptive and compensatory reactions of the body under exogenous and endogenous adverse influences. Individual factors play a major role in the development of this disease, one of which is the duration of the effect of alcohol on the body. The duration of alcohol consumption affects the morpho-functional properties of the liver. When alcohol was given to the research animals, hypertrophic changes were seen in the linear dimensions of hepatocytes: in the 12th week of alcoholization, the nuclear area was 1.25 times larger, and the cytoplasmic area of hepatocytes was 1.16 times larger compared with the same indicators in the 6th week of alcoholization. Alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by protein-fatty degeneration, inflammatory lymphocytic infiltration, increase in the area of sinusoids and the size of hepatocytes, and, accordingly, the Vizotto coefficient (1.83 times in the 6th week and 2.10 times in the 12th week of the research). The alcohol consumption is accompanied by increase in the volume of the nucleus and cytoplasm of hepatocytes, decrease in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio with increase in pathohistological changes. With the lengthening of the terms of alcoholization, the number of binuclear hepatocytes decreased. Morphometric calculation of the number of fat cells per 100 hepatocytes showed that in the 12th week of the experiment, the number of fatty inclusions increased by 1.42 times, compared with 6 weeks of forced alcoholization. Fatty small- and large-droplet steatosis of hepatocytes was diffuse in nature. The duration of alcoholization also affects the liver vessels. The diameter of the central vein in the 6th week of the experiment was 1.52 times greater than in control rats, and 1.81 times in the 12th week of alcoholization. The bile ducts of rats of the experimental groups were also larger in diameter: by 37% after 6 weeks and 47% after 12 weeks of forced alcoholization. An increase in the area of the sinusoids and the diameter of the central vein indicates an impairment of the blood supply to the liver. The complexity of the structure of the liver and the diversity of its functions necessitate the use of a variety of diagnostic techniques and methodological approaches to assessing its activity in the normal condition, during a pathology. It will be promising to study the structure of the liver at the ultramicroscopic level of the effect of drugs on the treatment of alcoholic liver disease during different periods of alcoholization.

Two-component Rhenium-Platinum system (Re-Pt system) is based on administration of a cluster dirhenium(III) compound and cisplatin to tumor bearing animals followed by a significant antitumor effect and decreased toxic effect of cisplatin on normal cells. The aim of this work was to obtain solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) from surface lipids (waxes) of Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae) leaves and to estimate whether capsulation of dirhenium(III) as a component of the Re-Pt system into SLN will affect its antitumor activity and red blood cells (RBC) morphology in a rat model of Guerin’s carcinoma growth. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography, microscopy, light scattering were used in the research. Solid lipid nanoparticles were obtained, characterized, loaded with cluster dirhenium(III) and being introduced together with cisplatin to rats with Guerin’s carcinoma resulted in RBC morphology preservation and a significant decrease in tumor weight. It was concluded that the lipid coating of the rhenium cluster compound did not reduce the antitumor effect of the Re-Pt system and protected RBC from toxic cisplatin influence­. A new formulation of the Re-Pt system is proposed. Keywords: carcinoma, rhenium cluster compound, rhenium-platinum antitumor system, solid lipid nanoparticles, surface lipids

The article deals with the study on the content of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and their association with insulin resistance in obese children. It was found that intestinal microflora in obese children is characterized by changes in the qualitative composition and increased metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora. A moderate increase of HOMA-IR is accompanied by elevated concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the content of which correlates with that of acetic, propionic acid and a decrease in the metabolic activity of intestinal microflora. The progression of insulin resistance is accompanied by a further increase in the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the level of HOMA-IR correlates with the level of propionic SCFA. Thus, modulation of SCFA content may be a promising way of therapeutic influence to correct insulin resistance and obesity in children.

Background. Today most of the scientists are studying the processes of hepatocyte damage under the influence of free fatty acids (FFA) in vitro conditions. Therefore, in vivo studies of the spectrum of FFA in liver pathologies of different genesis, including toxic ones, are of considerable interest. Materials and methods. Toxic liver damage was simulated by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 solution in olive oil into rats. The following groups were formed: control (healthy; n = 15); I — CCl4-induced liver damage without drug correction (n = 6); III — CCl4-induced liver damage + metadoxin (Liveria IC; n = 8); III — CCl4-induced liver damage + metabiotic (Hilac forte) (n = 7). For morphological assessment of steatosis and fibrosis we used three-color qualitative staining of liver samples by Mallory-Slinchenko. Quantitative content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in liver homoge­nate was determined by gas chromatography. Results. Evaluation of hepatobioptates in group I rats revealed tissue disorganization with macrovesicular steatosis in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, the formation of interparticle multiple fibrous septa and inflammatory cell infiltration. The use of metadoxin (group II) and metabiotic (group III) improved the morphological picture of the liver, which was damaged by CCl4. Total MUFA content increased significantly in 118 (p

Aim. To determine the features of the intestinal microbiota in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) depending on the functional state of the gallbladder. Materials and methods. A total of 73 children aged 10–17 years (mean age – 12.15 ± 2.51 years) were examined. According to body mass index, transient elastography (Fibroscan®), and ultrasound data, the patients were divided into 3 groups: group I – 35 obese children with NAFLD and gallbladder hypokinesia, group II – 30 obese children with NAFLD and gallbladder normokinesia, group III (control) – 8 healthy children with normal weight and gallbladder normokinesia. Contractile function of the gallbladder was assessed by ultrasound examination after physiological food loading. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and lactose absorption were assessed with the hydrogen breath test (HBT) with lactose loading using a Gastrolyzer (Bedfont Scientific Ltd, UK). Qualitative and quantitative intestinal microbiome composition were studied using bacterial culture method with ten-fold dilutions (10-1–10-9) on standard sets of selective and differential-diagnostic culture media for the isolation of aerobic and anaerobic microbes. Fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content was evaluated with gas chromatography (Chromatec-Crystal-5000). Results. Lactose-dependent SIBO was observed in almost half of NAFLD patients (42.9 %) without significant differences depending on functional activity of the gallbladder. Patients with decompensated dysbiosis predominated in group I children (37.1 % of patients). In group II children, the subcompensated dysbiosis was more common (36.7 % of patients). The concentration of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus in group I patients was significantly 1.9 times (P < 0.05) and 1.4 times (P < 0.05) lower, respectively, than that in group IІ patients. The level of fecal acetic acid and butyric acid in group I children was 6.9 and 2.0 times (P < 0.05) increased, respectively, compared to control group, assuming bile acids involvement in the regulation of microbiome composition. Conclusions. Impaired contractile function of the gallbladder in NAFLD children is associated with a sharp decrease in the number of major symbionts of the intestinal microbiota as well as increased production of acetic and butyric SCFA.

Introduction: Genetic mechanisms among many other factors play a crucial role in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The farnesoid X-receptor (FXR) regulates the expression of target genes involved in metabolic and energy homeostasis, so it can be assumed that genetic variations within the NR1H4 gene, encoding FXR, can affect the development or progression of associated diseases, including NAFLD. The aim: To study the association of SNP rs11110390 NR1H4 gene with the probability of development and course of NAFLD in children. Materials and methods: 76 children aged 9–17 years and overweight were examined. According to controlled attenuated parameter (CAP) measurement (Fibroscan®502touch) children were divided into 2 groups: group 1 consisted of 40 patients with NAFLD, group 2 was composed by 36 patients without hepatic steatosis. According to genetic testing children were divided into 3 subgroups – children with CC-, CT-, TT-genotype SNP rs11110390 NR1H4 gene. Results: The frequency of TT-genotype SNP rs11110390 NR1H4 gene detection in children with NAFLD was 17.5% versus 2.8% in the control group (p < 0.05). In children with TT-genotype SNP rs11110390 NR1H4 gene the liver stiffness (p < 0.05) and CAP (p = 0.1) were higher than in patients with CC- and CT-genotypes. Patients with the TT-genotype differed from CC-genotype patients with lower levels of IL-10 (p < 0.05) and pro-inflammatory cytokine balance (p < 0.05). An increase in the concentration of taurine-conjugated bile acid fractions in the hepatic and gallbladder’s bile in children with TT-genotype SNP rs11110390 NR1H4 (p < 0.05) was demonstrated. Conclusions: SNP rs11110390 NR1H4 is associated with an increased probability of NAFLD development in children. An increase in the steatosis degree and liver stiffness in combination with increased taurine-conjugated bile acids fractions in the hepatic and gallbladder’s bile, shift in cytokine balance due to a decrease in IL-10 level in children with TT-genotype SNP rs11110390 NR1H4 were observed.

Background. Taking into consideration the intense rhythm of life, the development of technologies for instant food products of increased nutritional value is urgent. Typically, food concentrates for desserts include fruit or fruit and berry fillings and require cooking to prepare ready-made meals. In this case, heat treatment of the mixture (boiling) negatively affects the thermolabile biologically active compounds. The aim of the work was to develop a recipe for instant food jelly concentrates of increased nutritional value based on encapsulated powdery hibiscus extract. Materials and methods. To encapsulate the aqueous-alcoholic extract of hibiscus and obtain a powdered semi-finished product, swelling potato starch was used. Rheological studies were carried out using a "REOTEST-2" rotational viscometer. Results. In order to enrich food concentrates of instant kissel with biologically active substances, we studied a method for extracting dry hibiscus flowers with aqueous-alcoholic solutions of various concentrations. It was found that the extractivity and the transfer of polyphenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, to the extract are improved when a water-alcohol mixture with an ethyl alcohol concentration of 30 % is used as an extractant. For the preparation of a powdery hibiscus extract, modified swelling starch was used, which has the property of swelling in cold water, which makes it possible not to subject the mixture to prolonged heat treatment for preparing a ready-made dish and to preserve the biologically active substances of the hibiscus extract. In addition, this starch is an effective solid carrier that plays a protective role for thermolabile vitamins and bioflavonoids. On the basis of experimental studies, formulations of instant jelly have been developed, which include fructose, powdered hibiscus extract, apple pectin and ascorbic acid. The study of the rheological properties of semi-finished products based on hibiscus extract, as well as ready-made jelly, testifies to the receipt of a finished dessert with a delicate creamy consistency. Conclusion. A method for obtaining a powdery encapsulated hibiscus extract based on swelling potato starch and a composition of a food jelly concentrate using this semi-finished product have been developed. It was found that for the extraction of raw materials it is better to use a water-alcohol mixture with an ethanol content of 30 %, since most of the anthocyanins are converted into the extract under these conditions. The developed semi-finished product of dry hibiscus extract can be used as a thickener, acidifier and colorant in recipes for food concentrates for instant dessert dishes. Due to the use of swelling starch, food concentrates of jelly do not need to be boiled, and the presence of vitamins, organic acids, flavonoids and especially anthocyanins in the hibiscus extract increases the nutritional value of the finished product.

The relevance of the problem stated in this paper is conditioned by the fact that under any circumstances the parties are carriers of certain evidentiary information about facts and their explanations are evidence. The explanations of the parties provide the court with important material for proving and making a decision on the case. This is ensured by the oral nature of civil proceedings since civil cases are usually considered orally in courts. The purpose of the paper is to establish the degree of application of the oral factor in adversarial civil proceedings. An analytical method was used as one of the main ones, which made it possible to assess the oral factor in civil proceedings from the ancient times of its initial introduction to the present.

У дослідженні були вивчені особливості змін факторів агресії та захисту у вмісті шлункового соку в 91 пацiєнта iз гастроезофагеальною рефлюксною хворобою (ГЕРХ) у поєднанні з дисфункцією сфінктера Одді. Визначали рН, концентрацію пепсину, глікопротеїнів, жовчних кислот, сіалових кислот, фукози, гексозамінів, рівень метаболітів оксиду азоту. Встановлено, що підвищення рівня метаболітів оксиду азоту та жовчних кислот у шлунковому соку призводить до посилення запальних процесів у слизовій оболонці шлунка незалежно від функціонального стану сфінктера Одді. Збільшення агресивних властивостей шлункового вмісту спостерігалось у пацієнтів із ГЕРХ як із гіпертонусом, так і гіпотонусом сфінктера Одді. Дефіцит та диспропорція факторів захисту в більшості хворих в усіх групах проявлялись у вигляді зменшення концентрації вуглеводних термінальних залишків глікопротеїнів відносно показників контрольної групи.

Background. Changes in the intestinal microbiome trigger the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adverse fluctuations in intestinal microbiota are associated with increased intestinal permeability, activation of mucosal and adaptive immunity, increase in production and intestinal absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The ratio of acetic, propionic, butyric acid is an important indicator of the integrity of the microbial community of the intestine. Thus, the study of the gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids production represents a very appealing approach to increasing our knowledge about the mechanisms leading to NAFLD in children. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the fecal short-chain fatty acids (fSCFA) content and the colonic microbiota composition in children with NAFLD. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 102 children was provided in the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology of the Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. According to the presence of obesity, transient elastography data and alanine aminotransferase levels the patients were divided into four groups: I group — children with simple hepatic steatosis (n = 24); II group — children with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 14); III group — children with obesity without steatosis (n = 48), IV group — children with normal weight (n = 16). Chromatographic study of fSCFA was conducted using gas chromatograph Chromatec-Crystal 5000. The microorganisms were identified using a microbiological study of the colon content. Diagnosis of NAFLD was established with FibroScan 502 Touch (Echosens, France) with the determination of the controlled attenuation parameter. Results. Significant changes in the spectrum of fSCFA were observed in children of the III group with acetic acid content increased by 4.8 times (р

Introduction. Modernization of health care, education and science systems in Ukraine are key components of promoting the socio-economic development of the last decade. The strategic preconditions for the development of health care, education and science have much in common. First, there is the objective need to change the sources of funding. Secondly, the need for change is complicated by the lack of: the necessary experience, material and human resources. The most acute problem arose during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, financial support for health, education and science is not only social but also economic. Goal. The aim of the article is to study the problems and identify ways to improve the financial security of health, education and science in the crisis periods of development caused by COVID-19. Method (methodology). The main scientific methods used in the research process: a systematic approach (when studying the problems of financial support of health care, education and science), the method of comparison, synthesis and analysis (when studying the financial support of the studied systems), abstract logical method (to identify the main problems and areas of improving the financial security of the components of the social sphere). Results. The article identifies two important components of the social sphere of any country: health care and education and science. The main problems of financial security in the pre- and pandemic period of the economy are identified. The main problems that arise in the systems of health care, education and science during their modernization are outlined. The state of financial support of the specified systems is analyzed and the basic priority directions of improvement of their functioning and possibilities of rendering of qualitative services are offered. Conclusions. The financial support of medical and educational institutions to provide quality services to the population is not only to preserve and restore the health of citizens - a major component of the productive forces of society, but also provides training for highly intelligent capital. The socio-economic importance of health, education and science is particularly high in the face of outbreaks of dangerous diseases and pandemics.

Background. The disadvantage of the two-product technology of alcohol and baker’s yeast from molasses is the need to limit the concentration of dry matter of the source medium to 22% and, accordingly, the level of alcohol accumulation in mature malt not more than 8.0% vol. to prevent deterioration of baker’s yeast. The consequence of this is the high specific cost of steam for bragorectification and increase the specific yield of post-alcohol molasses bard in comparison with single-product technology (obtaining only alcohol). Materials and methods. Raw materials, intermediates and final products were analyzed according to the methods adopted in science and practice of molasses alcohol technology. The dry matter content; pH of the medium; the content of alcohol in the brew, yeast biomass and unfermented sugars; the lifting power of yeast and their color in the resulting products were determined. Results. The possibility of reducing the volume of post-alcoholic molasses bard by returning it for the preparation of molasses bard without deteriorating the quality of baker’s yeast and alcohol yield, as well as by increasing the dry matter concentration of fermented wort from 22 (traditional technology) to 27% and accumulation of alcohol in mature brew up to 10–11% vol. has been experimentally proven. Conclusion. The presented research results provide grounds for the development of energy-saving low-waste two-stage technology of alcohol and baking yeast from mo­lasses, which can be used to obtain high-quality baking yeast to increase the con­centration of alcohol in mature malt by more than 10% vol. This will significantly reduce the steam for bragorectification of alcohol and the volume of contaminated and difficult to dispose of production waste – post-alcohol molasses bard. The implementation of such technology will be the next step in the greening of the joint production of alcohol and baker’s yeast from molasses.

Acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated vagal transmission as well as nonneuronal ACh release are considered cardioprotective in pathological situations with increased sympathetic drive such as ischemia–reperfusion and cardiac remodeling. ACh action is terminated by hydrolysis by the cholinesterases (ChEs), acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase. Both ChEs exist in multiple molecular variants either soluble or anchored by specific anchoring proteins like collagen Q (ColQ) anchoring protein and proline-rich membrane anchoring protein (PRiMA). Here we assessed the expression of specific ChE molecular forms in different heart compartments using RT-qPCR. We show that both ChEs are expressed in all heart compartments but display different expression patterns. The acetylcholinesterase-T variant together with PRiMA and ColQ is predominantly expressed in rat atria. Butylcholinesterase is found in all heart compartments and is accompanied by both PRiMA and ColQ anchors. Its expression in the ventricular system suggests involvement in the nonneuronal cholinergic system. Additionally, two PRiMA variants are detected throughout the rat heart.

The cause of failures in the elements of the drill string when drilling deep wells is the occurrence and development of crack-like defects in the cross section. The generalized data of defectoscopy of long-term operated drill pipes conducted at the Ukrburgaz drilling rigs from 2015 to 2017, as well as numerous literature data show that such defects are formed at the bottom of corrosion ulcers that occur during operation under the influence of workloads and drilling fluids, in particular during tripping operations, both on the inner and outer surfaces of the drill pipe. During the tripping operations, under the influence of tensile loads, they being developed go up to the surface of the drill pipe, forming scouring, which ultimately leads to the destruction of the pipe. Using known analytical solutions, the stress state in the vicinity of the semieliptic crack located on both the outer and inner surfaces of the hollow cylinder under axial load was estimated and the corresponding stress intensity coefficients at the crack tip of these defects were determined. To predict the limit state of a drill pipe with a semieliptic crack, the analysis of crack parameters reflecting the local stress-strain state near the crack tip is performed. Using the finite-element method, the stress state around the vertex of the semieliptic crack was determined and on this basis the characteristics of fracture mechanics were calculated: J – integral and stress intensity coefficients. Diagrams of fracture risk assessment in the coordinates "depth of crack-like defect - depth of drilling - stress intensity factor" are offered, which make it possible to estimate the safe depth of both internal and external semieliptic crack-like defects detected by technical diagnostics taking into account results of experimental investigations of critical crack resintance. The admissible sizes of the studied defects depending on the depth of drilling are determined.

Objective — to evaluate functional activity of the immune system, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in children with biliary dysfunction against the background of overweight and obesity. Materials and methods. At the SI «Institute Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» observations were performed on 108 children with the mean age 12.5 ± 2.51 years. Based on the results of investigation of motor and evacuator gallbladder (GB) function and body mass index, the pediatric patients were divided into three groups: group I included 52 overweight children with gallbladder hypofunction and obesity; group II consisted of 42 overweight children with normal gallbladder function and obesity; group III (comparison group) included 14 children with normal weight and biliary normokinesia. Investigations included anthropometric measurements and ultrasound imaging of the abdomen. ELISA was used to determine blood serum levels of insulin, interleukin‑6 (IL), IL‑10, tumour necrosis factor‑a (TNF‑a). Results. The following augmentation of the median levels was established when compared with group III: IL‑6 in 2.2 times (p

Викладено матеріали учасників I Міжнародної спеціалізованої наукової конференції «Комплексний підхід до модернізації науки: методи, моделі та мультидисциплінарність», яка відбулася у місті Вінниця 19 листопада 2021 року.

Forest biogeocenosis is a necessary environment for the normal existence of many species of wild animals, including birds. Recently, however, a gradual decrease in their numbers is observed in most forest areas of the Forest-Steppe zone. This indicator is one of the most important criteria for estimation of the general condition of this or that ecosystem. In this regard, specialists-zoologists, ornithologists, etc. pay great attention to the study of this issue (Koval' N.F. 1982). Currently, there is a quite extensive and often conflicting material regarding the number of birds. The most fundamental is the book by D. Lack, “The number of animals and its regulation in nature” (1957), which shows the influence of the food supply, the number of nesting places, “shelters”, and enemies on the reproductive ability, survival and general dynamics of the number of many bird species. Determining the breeding intensity of specific species populations of bird, we proposed to use the so-called productivity coefficient, which allows us to compare both the degree of biomass stability over the breeding period during a number of years and its geographical differences. The total number of birds on nesting can be different in various parts of the range under the influence of environmental conditions. The number of birds nesting on the ground and in the underwood has recently decreased significantly due to the large recreational burden of forest cenoses. Consideration of the dynamics of the number of daytime predatory birds and owls is of special attention. Their numbers have recently stabilized, although it continues to decline in some regions according to the available literary data. Ornithologists consider this mainly as a consequence of environmental pollution, killing of birds by humans, destruction of their habitats. The number of animal populations, for example, can vary significantly during the year or on average over the years. It is determined by the breeding rate and mortality of individuals. The breeding rate of birds is directly dependent on the size of egg laying, the success of eggs brooding and the percentage of flying out of viable young animals, which in total determines the success of breeding. Key words: Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine; Ornithofauna; Biogeocenosis; Nesting References Giljazov, A.S. (1981). Vlijanie letnih poholodanij na uspeshnost' razmnozhenija vorob'inyh Laplandskogo zapovednika [Influence of summer cooling on the success of breeding passerine Lapland Reserve]. Jekologija, 4 (in Russian) Dol'nik, V.R. (1975). Migracionnoe sostojanie ptic [Migratory status of birds]. Moscow. Nauka (in Russian) Dubinin, N.P., Toropanova, T.A. (1960). Nekotorye zakonomernosti rasprostranenija ptic lesnoj zony [Some regularities in the distribution of birds in the forest zone]. In Ornitologija. Moscow. Moscow State University (in Russian) Il'ichev, V.D., Kartashev, N.N., Shilov, I.A. (1982). Obshhaja ornitologija. Uchebnik dlja studentov biologicheskih special'nostej universitetov General ornithology. [Textbook for students of biological specialties of universities] Moscow. Vysshaja shkola. (in Russian) Il'ichev, V.D. (1982). Upravlenie povedeniem kak jekologicheskaja problema (na primere ptic) [Behavior management as an ecological problem (on the example of birds)]. Uspehi sovrem. biol. (in Russian) Kashkarov, D.N. (1947). Osnovy jekologii zhivotnyh. [Fundamentals of animal ecology]. Leningrad. Uchpedgiz (in Russian) Koval', N.F., Zaplishnyj, M.N. (1978). Uspeshnost' razmnozhenija ptic dubovo-grabovyh lesov juga Lesostepi Ukrainy [ Success of reproduction of oak and hornbeam forests in the south of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine]. Kiev. Soveshhanija (in Russian) Koval', N.F. (1981). Dinamika biologicheskih pokazatelej gnezdjashhihsja ptic ostrovnyh lesov juga lesostepi Ukrainy [Dynamics of biological indicators of nesting birds of island forests in the south of the forest-steppe of Ukraine] Zhurnal obshhej biologii, 4 (in Russian) Koval', N.F. (1982). Uspeshnost' razmnozhenija ptic ostrovnyh dubovo-grabovyh lesov Lesostepi Ukrainy. [Success of reproduction of birds of island oak and hornbeam forests Forest steppe of Ukraine]. In Jekologo-jetologicheskie issledovanija zhivotnyh. Voprosy biologii i ohrany prirody. Kishinev (in Russian) Kuzjakin. A.P. O harakteristike rasprostranenija nazemnyh zhivotnyh. [On the characterization of the distribution of terrestrial animals]. Proceed. II Ecol. Sc. Conf. Kiev (in Russian) Ljulenko, S. O. Goncharenko, G.E. (2009). Transformac�?ja l�?sovih ekosistem Umanshhini. [Transformation of forest ecosystems of Uman]. V�?snik Donec'kogo �?nstitutu soc�?al'no�? osv�?ti. Geograf�?ja, IV(4) (in Russian). Moroz, L.M. (2017). Biologija i rasprostranenie lastochki beregovoj (Riparia riparia L) na primere s. Kunka Gajsinskogo rajona Vinnickoj oblasti [The biology and distribution of the swallow coast (Riparia riparia L) by the example with. Kuuka Gaysin district of the Vinnytsia region]. In environmental strategy for future: experience and news: Proceedings of the All-Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Conference (in Russian) Moroz, L.M., Grabovskaja, S.L. (2017). Zhivotnye Umani s Krasnoj Knigi Ukrainy [Uman Animals from the Red Book of Ukraine] In Fauna of Ukraine at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. New concepts of zoological research: Abstracts of Papers All-Ukrainian Zoological Conference. Kharkiv (in Russian) Novikov, G.A. (1959) Jekologija zverej i ptic lesostepnyh dubrav [Ecology of animals and birds of forest-steppe oak forests]. Leningrad. Leningrad University Press. (in Russian).

Contemporary investigations of mechanisms of resistance to platinides showed the key role of copper metabolism in cancer patients and proposed possible methods to attenuate the resistance by modulation of copper transporting mechanisms. In this vein, investigation of ceruloplasmin (Cp) levels – the main copper-containing protein in blood, in experiments with tumor-containing animals upon cytostatics administration is topical and has great importance. The concentration of Cp was measured in the serum of tumor-bearing rats with ordinary (T8) and resistant to cisplatin (T8*) Guerin’s carcinoma upon administration of cisplatin and quadruple bonding dirhenium(III) compound dichlorotetra-μ-isobutyratodirhenium(ІІІ) (I) in different medicamental forms. It was shown that development of tumor in T8 group led to increasing of concentration of Cp in 3.7 times and in T8* group – more than in 8 times in comparison to control, confirming the essential role of Cp in the formation of resistance phenomenon. Administration of cisplatin together with I led to effective inhibition of tumor in groups with T8 and T8*, indicating decreased resistance in the group T8*. Greater reduction of Cp levels was observed in the groups with T8* upon administration of the rhenium-plati­num antitumor system, than in groups with T8, that underlines the importance of further investigations of the dirhenium(III) compounds in the resistance to cytostatics cancer models. Some mechanisms concerning the regulation of copper homeostasis and properties of nano-composites are discussed.

At the present time, characterised by worsening environmental conditions, the protection of human organism against irreversible damage is necessary. Protective clothing on base of smart textiles represents the future in human clothing. In this article, the effect of photochromic pigments on spinnability, drawability and properties of pigmented polypropylene (PP) fibres is presented. Mechanical properties (tenacity and elongation at break, Young’s modulus), thermo-mechanical properties and the factor of average orientation of fibres were evaluated and discussed. The obtained results indicate a possibility of fibres preparation with photochromic pigments.

Nicotinic receptors (NRs) play an important role in the cholinergic regulation of heart functions, and converging evidence suggests a diverse repertoire of NR subunits in the heart. A recent hypothesis about the plasticity of β NR subunits suggests that β2-subunits and β4-subunits may substitute for each other. In our study, we assessed the hypothetical β-subunit interchangeability in the heart at the level of mRNA. Using two mutant mice strains lacking β2 or β4 NR subunits, we examined the relative expression of NR subunits and other key cholinergic molecules. We investigated the physiology of isolated hearts perfused by Langendorff‘s method at basal conditions and after cholinergic and/or adrenergic stimulation. Lack of β2 NR subunit was accompanied with decreased relative expression of β4-subunits and α3-subunits. No other cholinergic changes were observed at the level of mRNA, except for increased M3 and decreased M4 muscarinic receptors. Isolated hearts lacking β2 NR subunit showed different dynamics in heart rate response to indirect cholinergic stimulation. In hearts lacking β4 NR subunit, increased levels of β2-subunits were observed together with decreased mRNA for acetylcholine-synthetizing enzyme and M1 and M4 muscarinic receptors. Changes in the expression levels in β4−/− hearts were associated with increased basal heart rate and impaired response to a high dose of acetylcholine upon adrenergic stimulation. In support of the proposed plasticity of cardiac NRs, our results confirmed subunit-dependent compensatory changes to missing cardiac NRs subunits with consequences on isolated heart physiology. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we observed an increase in mRNA levels of the β2 NR subunit in β4−/− hearts but not vice versa, thus supporting the hypothesis of β NR subunit plasticity that depends on the specific type of missing β-subunit. This was accompanied with specific cholinergic adaptations. Nevertheless, isolated hearts of β4−/− mice showed increased basal heart rate and a higher sensitivity to a high dose of acetylcholine upon adrenergic stimulation.

The paper proposed the development of an approach to modeling the nature of the individual's illness based on the ensemble of machine learning algorithms. Some factors may adversely affect the conduct, interpretation and generalization of research results, and the understanding and interpretation of the phenomenon under study.

Fake news detection currently presents an active field of research. Detection methods based on natural language processing and machine learning are being developed to automatically identify the possible misinformation contained within the news articles. To successfully train these models, annotated data are needed. In English language, multiple human-annotated datasets already are available and are being widely used in the research. The main objective of the work presented in this paper, was to create similar dataset consisting of articles in Slovak language. We collected the data from the various local news portals including reputable publishers as well as suspicious conspiratory portals. To obtain the annotations, we used crowdsourcing approach. Annotated dataset was used in preliminary experiments, in which neural network classifier was trained and evaluated.

У статті проведено аналіз досліджень вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців із проблеми забезпечення якості професійної освіти в умовах глобалізації та трансформації українського суспільства, описано стан дисонансу між професійною підготовкою майбутніх фахівців та вимогами ринку праці, уточнено сутність поняття «якість професійної освіти» в динаміці його змін, підкреслюється місце та роль крос-культурного компоненту в системі професійної освіти для вирішення проблеми міжкультурної взаємодії та міжкультурних комунікацій, розкрито значний потенціал культурологічного підходу з метою формування фахівця високого ступеня готовності до крос-культурної взаємодії, що сприятиме професійній компетентності. Поняття «якість освіти» визначається як сукупність соціальних норм і вимог до особистості, освітнього середовища, в якому відбувається її становлення та розвиток та системи освіти в цілому, з допомогою якої людина набуває певних знань, умінь і навичок. У статті виокремлені внутрішні та зовнішні чинники якості професійної освіти, які характеризують освітній процес та його результат, з‘ясовано фактори, які забезпечують якість професійної освіти, здійснено спробу запропонувати шляхи підвищення якості професійної освіти через запровадження європейських стандартів якості професійної освіти в системі оцінювання в даній сфері та інноваційних моделей управління професійною освітою на основі врахування крос-культурного менеджменту. Описано систему моніторингу професійної освіти, яка вибудовується на загальноприйнятих і апробованих європейських моделях порівняльної оцінки якості освіти, що враховує багатонаціональність та мультикультурність. Базуючись на загальноєвропейських та світових підходах до розбудови освітнього сектору, проблема якості професійної освіти потребує пріоритетного вирішення. Виходячи з цього, підкреслено важливість підвищення рівня культурного потенціалу держави, який визначається, насамперед якістю вітчизняної професійної освіти та є запорукою її конкурентоспроможності та рейтингу на світовій арені.

The halloysite (HNT) in the form of nanotubes was used as an agent for the improved mechanical, thermo-mechanical as well as surface properties of polypropylene (PP) fibers. The halloysite is the nanoadditive that can affect differently the crystallization of PP in the non-oriented and oriented systems. The structure and mechanical properties of PP and PP/HNT fibers depended on the crystallinity and crystallization kinetics of PP at the fiber preparation. The Avrami method on the determination of isothermal crystallization kinetics parameters as well as an estimation of melting and crystallization temperatures and melting and crystallization enthalpies was used for the study of thermal behavior of polypropylene/halloysite non-oriented and oriented blends and fibers. Morphological structure, mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of polypropylene/halloysite fibers were observed. An influence on all assessed properties was evaluated from the point of halloysite content in the PP and/or PP fibers. The increased HNT content in the non-oriented PP/HNT blends at the isothermal crystallization increases the rate crystallization (decreased t1/2 and free energy σe, increased K) of PP in comparison with the pure PP. The crystallinity of PP in the oriented PP/HNT fibers is not primarily affected by addition of the HNT content 3 mass% and does not change their mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties. 5 mass% HNT increases the crystallinity of PP in PP/HNT fibers expressing mainly the decrease in tenacity at the break, Young’s modulus and shrinkage.

It has been revealed that under drip irrigation conditions under the two modes of humidification, the highest annual economic efficiency and the profitability level of root canal chicory was obtained for the application of nitrogen and potassium mineral fertilizers in a dose of N45K70.

Autism spectrum disorders constitute a significant problem in modern neurology and in neuroscience in general. At present, the incidence of such disorders is increasing, reasons for their appearance remain practically unclear, and there are no sufficiently effective treatments of these pathologies. A few animal models of autistic disorders have been developed; these models reproduce one or a few key symptoms of autism (cognitive rigidity, violations of social interactions, and qualitative disorders of communication). The respective simulations are carried out using either techniques of genetic engineering (knockout rats and mice) or early (pre- or postnatal) influences of certain environmental factors. To investigate behavioral deviations in the model animals, behavioral testing methods are used. A part of them are “classic” (e.g., the open field test, Morris water maze, T-like maze, radial maze, and Skinner’s chamber), while others have been designed specifically for models of autism. This review describes and analyzes the main methodical approaches in modeling of autism spectrum disorders in animals, and behavioral methods used in the studies of these models.