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We demonstrate universal polarization transformers based on an engineered diffractive volume, which can synthesize a large set of arbitrarily-selected, complex-valued polarization scattering matrices between the polarization states at different positions within its input and output field-of-views (FOVs). This framework comprises 2D arrays of linear polarizers with diverse angles, which are positioned between isotropic diffractive layers, each containing tens of thousands of diffractive features with optimizable transmission coefficients. We demonstrate that, after its deep learning-based training, this diffractive polarization transformer could successfully implement N_i x N_o = 10,000 different spatially-encoded polarization scattering matrices with negligible error within a single diffractive volume, where N_i and N_o represent the number of pixels in the input and output FOVs, respectively. We experimentally validated this universal polarization transformation framework in the terahertz part of the spectrum by fabricating wire-grid polarizers and integrating them with 3D-printed diffractive layers to form a physical polarization transformer operating at 0.75 mm wavelength. Through this set-up, we demonstrated an all-optical polarization permutation operation of spatially-varying polarization fields, and simultaneously implemented distinct spatially-encoded polarization scattering matrices between the input and output FOVs of a compact diffractive processor that axially spans 200 wavelengths. This framework opens up new avenues for developing novel optical devices for universal polarization control, and may find various applications in, e.g., remote sensing, medical imaging, security, material inspection and machine vision., Comment: 33 Pages, 7 Figures

Nanosized zero-valent iron (NZVI) supported on the cation exchange resin was synthesized and applied to decompose some water soluble azo dyes. The decomposition efficiency for azo dyes was evaluated by using the aqueous suspensions and parked column of this material. Batch experiments indicated that this novel material exhibited excellent degradation ability for 0.05 g·L−1 of Acid Orange 7, Acid Orange 8, Acid Orange 10, Sunset Yellow, and Methyl Orange, with decolorization ratio up to 95% in 4 min; pH value was the key factor for degradation and H+ was one of the reactants; adsorption of azo dyes onto the material existed at the beginning but reduced gradually until disappearing completely. For the packed column system, 58%∼90% of azo dyes were decomposed in the 1st circle of solution passing through the column, and the adsorption onto the materials could accelerate the degradation azo dyes with the increasing reaction time. During the degradation process, Fe2+, the product of NZVI, was exchanged to the resin again and could be reduced to Fe0 by KBH4 for reusing. The 10th refreshed NZVI possessed reductive activity up to 90% of the newly systhesized NZVI. Decomposing pollutants in the aqueous solution with columns packed with NZVI immobilized on the cation exchange resin is a promising technology that can solve the reclaiming and refreshing problem of NZVI.

Based on the different physiological characteristics of the mastoid skin and soft tissue of Chinese congenital microtia malformation, the Nagata two-stage method was respectively applied for ear reconstruction, and the clinic experience were investigated in this study.According to the mastoid skin and soft tissue difference in the thickness and tightness, 280 patients diagnosed with congenital microtia were divided into four types: thin and tight, thin and loose, thick and tight, thick and loose type. 90 cases of thin and loose type accepted the Nagata method of ear reconstruction surgery.With average 7.8 months follow up, 84.4% (76/90) cases using Nagata two-stage method were satisfied with the outcome of the reconstructed ear including three dimensional position and subunit appearance. There were no postoperative complication related to chest wall deformity or affected normal physical function.The Nagata two-stage method is appropriate management choice for Chinese congenital microtia. Based on the different physiological characteristics of the mastoid skin and soft tissue, the selection of different operational should be beneficial to the ear reconstruction of Chinese congenital microtia malformation.