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Additional file 1. Supplemental Figure 1. The effect of IAV NS1 1-124 on blocking RIG-I signaling to IFN-β activation. Supplemental Figure 2. IAV NS1 is co-localized with TRAF3 in mammalian cells. Supplemental Figure 3. IAV NS1 uses its ED-C to block the K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF3 during RIG-Isignaling. Supplemental Figure 4. IAV NS1 E152/E153 residues are not essential for blocking the NF-κB promoter activity during RIG-I, TLR3 or TLR7 signaling. Supplemental Figure 5. NS1 E152/E153 residues confer the in vivo pathogenicity of IAV infection. Supplemental Table 1. Primers used for RT-PCR, cloning and mutagenesis. Supplemental Table 2. Antibodies.

Additional file 2. Amino acid substitutions in NP protein of H3N2 viruses. NP substitutions of 79 randomly chosen Taiwan H3N2 isolates from 1999 to 2017, WHO recommended vaccine strains and reference strains were compared.

Additional file 1. Epidemiology of H3N2 viruses from 1999 to 2017 in Taiwan. Isolated cases of influenza A H3N2 viruses from Virology Laboratory of National Cheng Kung University Hospital.