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Blended Learning is the integration of traditional face-to-face learning and distance learning (E-learning). Throughout Blended Learning, instructors will give some clear parts of instructions on a part of their lesson, students will do online work without the lecturers for the rest. Students are likely to become active and understand new concepts more easily than passively acquire knowledge in traditional classrooms. Higher education institutions have a large number of suitable characteristics to deploy Blended Learning, such as the understanding of learners in information and technology, high-quality professors, and easy access to technology. The characteristics of economic science subjects are sociality, advisable communication, reading documents, videos, multiple choices, and analysis question(s). Moreover, the features of majors in higher education are more highly appreciated with Blended learning. Blended Learning makes these majors more effective in learning and teaching. These days, although E-learning develops drastically, with some problems with the insight of Vietnam’s educational condition, reverse classes have proved the corresponding in building a great environment that helps this method to be dominant. This study comes up with building integration of evaluation teaching scale at higher education institutions in Vietnam, according to the example of Blended Learning, in response to the process of teaching. This scale with criterias about Blended learning set the targets to evaluate the effectiveness and the ability of far-reaching of this teaching method at higher education institutions in Vietnam. This scale is tested and checked for reliability to be applied in the next research.

Instructional leadership is associated with the leadership role of the principal relating to teaching. The leadership role of principal is increasingly interested for many reasons, mainly high schools are experiencing drastic reforms, teaching from content approach to competency approach that requires the principal to lead the school to adapt to the new requirements of reality. Moreover, the increasing pressure of school autonomy promotes proactivity and positivity in the leadership of the school's activities. The changes that are forced to go through (surpass) and the pressure of decentralization push many changes in the school organization with its accompanying elements such as new curriculum, new teachers, the application of technology (technology application), etc… The principal, as an instructional leader, must ensure there is a connection (an association) between the curriculum, the instruction, and the assessment of the standards necessary to ensure student achievement. The article aims to develop criteria to evaluate the instructional leadership role of the principals of secondary schools in response to educational innovation. The criteria developed include: Determining the vision for teaching activities; Developing programs and directing teaching activities; Creating conditions to promote teaching activities; Motivation for teaching activities; Encourage the application of ICT in teaching. The criteria are tested for feasibility through trial survey and assessment of the reliability of the scale.

Curriculum development is considered an ongoing process with stakeholder involvement. Encouraging the participation of stakeholders in school- based curriculum development is a fundamental and very important content of the process of democratizing education or promoting decentralization of education management. In the past, curriculum development was approached in a centralized manner (traditional approach), with program decision-making in the hands of a central authority. With the trend of democracy in education and especially the rapid development of science - technology, information technology creates much more diverse needs from the society, from which emerged the approach decentralization of curriculum development in the national education system. Under this approach, the local government and especially the school are entitled to develop their own curriculum within the prescribed framework according to the national framework program. Involvement of more stakeholders requires cooperation and sharing of power in order to operate smoothly and efficiently. The article uses the method of researching documents to analyze and compare them to provide the basic actors and their roles in the development of school curriculum in Vietnamese high schools when implementing the 2018 general education program.

Using the sociological investigation method, the authors conducted a survey on the status of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation capacity of 138 secondary school pupils in Sin Ho district, Lai Chau province. The result shows that the capacity of the pupils is very limited. None of the pupils were assessed at very good and good level. There are 6 pupils (accounting for 4.3%) were assessed at fairly good level, 116 pupils (84.1%) were assessed at medium level and 16 pupils (11.6%) were assessed at less good level. The average score of capacity of 138 pupils was only medium level (73.7 points). The capacity of pupils by school, class, gender and ethnicity did not differ much. The research results can be a useful reference for secondary schools and local authorities in implementing solutions to improve disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation capacity for pupils.

Flipped classrooms are becoming an increasingly popular method because it is suitable with the fact that Large classes are more and more increasingly common at the universities and the complicated developments of the Covid 19 pandemic. The flipped classroom is an important form of blended learning. The flipped classroom is a dynamic teaching model that compared to traditional learning methods, students who come to class to listen to teachers' lectures and then do homework will be "reversed". By the way, students have to view learning materials (subject records, lecture slides, videos, textbooks, tutorials...) at home through the learning management system (classroom, zalo,...). The article used quantitative research methods and set up a questionnaire to collect data from lecturers and students of universities in Vietnam. It has studied the conditions to ensure teaching and learning in large classes under flipped classrooms during the Covid 19 pandemic. The results showed that condition was related from the government level such as the university's teaching and learning policy, to lecturers and students, especially to the conditions of information infrastructure and suitable facilities.

Online teaching rules are very important and an integral part of the virtual classroom environment, especially when the covid 19 pandemic has transformed the teaching process. Each online class must have rules and require everyone to follow to create the best culture and order to promote the quality of teaching, learning and students, especially primary school students. The article’s major research method is quantitative, that is, surveying teachers and students' parents (1208 parents and 368 primary teachers, they come from 4 private primary schools and 16 public primary schools) to find out the importance of rules in online classroom management and the characteristics of rules of effective online classroom management. Research results show that teachers and students' parents agree on the role of building rules in online classroom management. In addition, online classroom rules need to be short, easy to understand, easy to implement, and involve students in the development process.

Student behavior management is an important activity of teachers to ensure effective teaching and educational activities. Student behavior management is considered a basic skill that any teacher who wants to improve awareness and manage students must be able to do. The article used quantitative research methods combined with qualitative research methods to understand the actual behavior of students in private primary schools and strategies, as well as methods of teachers in private primary schools, adopted to manage undesirable behavior and encourage positive behavior. Participants in this research are 51 private primary teachers enrolled in the College to Master of Education with a specialization in private primary schools. Research results show that primary school students have many different behaviors in the teaching process, these behaviors affect the progress of the class and the classroom atmosphere, the relationship between teachers and students, and students with students. Teachers tend to implement an educational philosophy of positive discipline, and methods and strategies of student behavior management are student-centered. The methods and strategies used are diverse and popular. On the other hand, teachers also spend a considerable amount of time understanding the situation, creating close relationships with stakeholders, namely students' families, in order to have an appropriate way to manage student behavior. Therefore, behavior management methods and strategies are individualized for each student.

This study analyzes the scientific basis of education forecasting, thereby building a formula and model for forecasting teacher training needs in Vietnam, meeting the requirements of human resources to implement general education program 2018. The results of the forecast of teacher training needs are given according to the forecast year, forecast period for each school level, subject and region across the country. The forecast results are the basis for providing solutions on teacher training such as: renovating teacher training programs, determining enrollment targets, adjusting state management policies on education and planning a network of teacher training institutions nationwide.

In this study, the multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grafted with Octa (propyl glycidyl ether) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (GOPOS) to form GOPOS-G-MWCNTs prior to use as an additive for improving the mechanical and the flame-retardant characteristics of the epoxy resin (EP). The surface of MWCNTs was also modified with a silane coupling agent before conducting the grafting reaction. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy technique was applied to confirm the success of the grafting reaction. The epoxy-based composite materials were performed at room temperature using diethylenetriamine (DETA) as a hardener. Many characteristics of these materials were examined such as tensile strength, thermal stability, flammability, and fracture surface morphology. The presence of GOPOS-G-MWCNTs helped to reduce the total heat release, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR), and total smoke release by 68.68, 47.69, and 11.78%, respectively. While the tensile strength and fracture energy were also increased up to 30 and 102% when compared with virgin EP. The good dispersion of GOPOS-G-MWCNTs and char residue effect were considered as the main reasons for these improvements. A mechanism for enhancing flame-retardant behaviors of EP was also proposed .

The content of this paper focuses/shed light on the effects of X (X = S in P1 and X = O in P2) in C11H7NSX and R (R = H in P3, R = OCH3 in P4, and R = Cl in P5) in C18H9ON2S2-R on structural features and band gaps of the polythiophenes containing benzo[d]thiazole and benzo[d]oxazole by the Density Function Theory (DFT) method/calculation. The structural features including the electronic structure lattice constant (a), shape, total energy (Etot) per cell, and link length (r), are measured via band gap (Eg) prediction with the package of country density (PDOS) and total country density (DOS) of material studio software. The results obtained showed that the link angle and the link length between atoms were not changed significantly while the Etot was decreased from Etot = – 1904 eV (in P1) to Etot = – 2548 eV (in P2) when replacing O with S; and the Etot of P3 was decreased from Etot = – 3348 eV (in P3) when replacing OCH3, Cl on H of P3 corresponding to Etot = – 3575 eV (P4), – 4264 eV (P5). Similarly, when replacing O in P1 with – S to form P2, the Eg of P1 was dropped from Eg = 0.621 eV to Eg = 0.239 eV for P2. The Eg of P3, P4, and P5 is Eg = 0.006 eV, 0.064 eV, and 0.0645 eV, respectively. When a benzo[d]thiazole was added in P1 (changing into P3), the Eg was extremely strongly decreased, nearly 100 times (from Eg = 0.621 eV to Eg = 0.006 eV). The obtained results serve as a basis for future experimental work and used to fabricate smart electronic device.

In the present work, we prepared the MWCNT-L-POSS from the grafting reaction between octa (propylglycidyl ether) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)....

In this study, the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from coffee husk using one step ZnCl2 activation were investigated. The influence of initial methylene blue concentration and temperature were evaluated employing the batch experiment. To the experimental data, different kinetics and isotherm models were applied, finding that the best fitted is the pseudo-second-order equation and the Redlich-Peterson model, respectively. The mechanism of the adsorption was examined using the Weber and Morris model, and the obtained results suggested that the intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate-controlling step. The scale-up system was also designed for 50 - 90% methylene blue removal from an initial concentration of 100 mg L-1 at 30 oC.

In this paper, we consider the stochastic evolution of two particles with electrostatic repulsion and restoring force which is modeled by a system of stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion where the diffusion coefficients are constant. This is the simplest case for some classes of non- colliding particle systems such as Dyson Brownian motions, Brownian particles systems with nearest neighbour repulsion. We will prove that the equation has a unique non- colliding solution in path- wise sense.

The extensive distribution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a threat to healthcare worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the MDR and molecular patterns of MRSA isolates in children admitted to the two biggest tertiary care pediatric hospitals in northern and southern Vietnam. A total of 168 MRSA strains were collected to determine antibiotic susceptibility by minimum inhibitory concentration tests. Antibiotic-resistant genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and multilocus sequence typing were used for the molecular characterization of MRSA. Among the total strains, the MDR rate (51.8%) was significantly higher in the northern hospital than in the southern hospital (73% vs. 39%, p < 0.0001). The MDR-MRSA with the highest rates were "ciprofloxacin-erythromycin-gentamicintetracyclines" (35.6%), followed by "erythromycin-tetracycline-chloramphenicol" (24.1%), and "ciprofloxacin-erythromycin-gentamicin" (19.5%), showing an accumulative total of 79.3%. The most susceptible antibiotics were rifampicin (100%) and vancomycin (100%), followed by doxycycline (94.0%), meropenem (78.0%), and cefotaxime (75.0%). The SCCmecII strains showed greater resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, meropenem and cephalosporins compared with the other strains. The SCCmecII strains exhibited the highest rate in the tested genes (aacA/aphD: 55.2%, ermA/B/C: 89.7%, and tetK/M: 82.8%). ST5- SCCmecII was the predominant clone in the northern hospital, whereas SCCmecIVa was more pronounced in the southern hospital. In conclusion, our results raised concerns about the predominant MDR-MRSA strains in the pediatric hospitals in Vietnam. The north-south difference in the antibiotic resistance patterns and genetic structure of MRSA suggests different MRSA origins and various uses of antimicrobial agents between the two regions.

The content of this paper focuses/shed light on the effects of X (X = S in P1 and X = O in P2) in C11H7NSX and R (R = H in P3, R = OCH3 in P4, and R = Cl in P5) in C18H9ON2S2-R on structural features and band gaps of the polythiophenes containing benzo[d]thiazole and benzo[d]oxazole by the Density Function Theory (DFT) method/calculation. The structural features including the electronic structure lattice constant (a), shape, total energy (Etot) per cell, and link length (r), are measured via band gap (Eg) prediction with the package of country density (PDOS) and total country density (DOS) of material studio software. The results obtained showed that the link angle and the link length between atoms were not changed significantly while the Etot was decreased from Etot = – 1904 eV (in P1) to Etot = – 2548 eV (in P2) when replacing O with S; and the Etot of P3 was decreased from Etot = – 3348 eV (in P3) when replacing OCH3, Cl on H of P3 corresponding to Etot = – 3575 eV (P4), – 4264 eV (P5). Similarly, when replacing O in P1 with – S to form P2, the Eg of P1 was dropped from Eg = 0.621 eV to Eg = 0.239 eV for P2. The Eg of P3, P4, and P5 is Eg = 0.006 eV, 0.064 eV, and 0.0645 eV, respectively. When a benzo[d]thiazole was added in P1 (changing into P3), the Eg was extremely strongly decreased, nearly 100 times (from Eg = 0.621 eV to Eg = 0.006 eV). The obtained results serve as a basis for future experimental work and used to fabricate smart electronic device., Graphical abstract

Nano/micro glass fibril (nGF) was used as a reinforcement material for the modification of epoxy resin with different contents, in which the amino group was introduced initially to the nGF surface via a silane treatment reaction. Composite samples based on untreated nGF filled epoxy were also fabricated for comparison. The effects of these fillers on the characteristics of cured epoxy resin, such as compatibility, curing degree, fracture toughness, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties, were examined. The addition of amine-functionalized nGF (nGF-NH2) to the epoxy resin resulted in improvements in their fracture toughness, and mechanical and thermal properties. The fracture toughness, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the epoxy resin in the presence of 0.2 phr nGF-NH2 were improved by 50.79%, 32.67%, and 28.88%, respectively, compared to the virgin epoxy resin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a relatively rough surface with shear deformation and tortuous cracks, thereby inducing higher fracture toughness in the nGF NH2 modified epoxy system. Thermal stability improvement of the epoxy with nGF-NH2 was also confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis.

The extensive distribution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) methicillin-resistant

Chủ trương đổi mới toàn diện kinh tế và chủ trương đổi mới mô hình tăng trưởng, tái cơ cấu nền kinh tế của Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam được đề ra trong hai giai đoạn lịch sử khác nhau. Chủ trương đổi mới được đề ta từ Đại hội VI (1986), xác định trọng tâm là đổi mới toàn diện nền kinh tế, chuyển nền kinh tế từ tự cung, tự cấp sang nền kinh tế thị trường định hướng xã hội chủ nghĩa có sự quản lý của Nhà nước. Tiếp nối tư duy đổi mới kinh tế của Đảng đề ra từ Đại hội VI, Đảng ta đề ra chủ trương đổi mới toàn diện kinh tế, đổi mới mô hình tăng trưởng, tái cơ cấu lại nền kinh tế được đề ra từ Đại hội XI (2011), được bổ sung phát triển trong Đại hội XII (2016).

We study the budget map and the indirect utility function of a parametric consumer problem in a Banach space setting by some advanced tools from set-valued and variational analysis. The Lipschitz-likeness and differentiability properties of the budget map, as well as formulas for finding subdifferentials of the infimal nuisance function, which is obtained from the indirect utility function by changing its sign, are established. Our investigation is mainly based on the paper by Mordukhovich [J. Global Optim. 28 (2004), 347--362] on coderivative analysis of variational systems and the paper of Mordukhovich, Nam, and Yen [Math. Program. 116 (2009), 369--396] on subgradients of marginal functions. Economic meanings of the obtained subdifferential estimates are explained in details., Comment: 4 figures

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a mixed methods research study conducted by the Ministry of Education and Training to evaluate the responsiveness level of a refresher programs for general school managers in Southern Vietnam. The program was designed to improve the capacities of managers in general schools to take the initiative in innovating leadership and management that will develop the schools and thereby advance the fundamental and comprehensive innovation of Vietnam’s education system training programs.