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El presente trabajo estudia la capacidad de predicción de los modelos de plano crítico para casos de fatiga multiaxial. El material que se estudia es un acero inoxidable 316. Los caminos de carga aplicados son uniaxiales y biaxiales en la superficie de la probeta. El siguiente estudio realiza una comparativa de las predicciones de vida a fatiga y ángulo de grieta de los modelo Wang-Brown, Fatemi-Socie, Liu I y Liu II. Se observó que la mejor predicción de vida fue devuelta por el modelo de Liu II y para el ángulo de grieta por Liu I. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Los autores agradecen la financiación aportada para la realización de este trabajo al Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (referencia MAT2016-76951-C2-2-P).

International audience; Here we report the new features and improvements in our latest release of the H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB; http://www.h-invitational.jp/), a comprehensive annotation resource for human genes and transcripts. H-InvDB, originally developed as an integrated database of the human transcriptome based on extensive annotation of large sets of full-length cDNA (FLcDNA) clones, now provides annotation for 120 558 human mRNAs extracted from the International Nucleotide Sequence Databases (INSD), in addition to 54 978 human FLcDNAs, in the latest release H-InvDB_4.6. We mapped those human transcripts onto the human genome sequences (NCBI build 36.1) and determined 34 699 human gene clusters, which could define 34 057 (98.1%) protein-coding and 642 (1.9%) non-protein-coding loci; 858 (2.5%) transcribed loci overlapped with predicted pseudogenes. For all these transcripts and genes, we provide comprehensive annotation including gene structures, gene functions, alternative splicing variants, functional non-protein-coding RNAs, functional domains, predicted sub cellular localizations, metabolic pathways, predictions of protein 3D structure, mapping of SNPs and microsatellite repeat motifs, co-localization with orphan diseases, gene expression profiles, orthologous genes, protein-protein interactions (PPI) and annotation for gene families. The current H-InvDB annotation resources consist of two main views: Transcript view and Locus view and eight sub-databases: the DiseaseInfo Viewer, H-ANGEL, the Clustering Viewer, G-integra, the TOPO Viewer, Evola, the PPI view and the Gene family/group.

The feasibility of composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial waveguides based upon graphene plasmons is demonstrated via numerical simulation. Designs are presented that operate in the terahertz frequency range along with their various dimensions. Dispersion relations, radiative and free-carrier losses, and free-carrier based tunability are characterized. Finally, the radiative characteristics are evaluated, along with its feasibility for use as a leaky-wave antenna. While CRLH waveguides are feasible in the terahertz range, their ultimate utility will require precise nanofabrication, and excellent quality graphene to mitigate free-carrier losses.

© The Author(s) 2016.Bone loss is a serious problem in spaceflight; however, the initial action of microgravity has not been identified. To examine this action, we performed live-imaging of animals during a space mission followed by transcriptome analysis using medaka transgenic lines expressing osteoblast and osteoclast-specific promoter-driven GFP and DsRed. In live-imaging for osteoblasts, the intensity of osterix- or osteocalcin-DsRed fluorescence in pharyngeal bones was significantly enhanced 1 day after launch; and this enhancement continued for 8 or 5 days. In osteoclasts, the signals of TRAP-GFP and MMP9-DsRed were highly increased at days 4 and 6 after launch in flight. HiSeq from pharyngeal bones of juvenile fish at day 2 after launch showed up-regulation of 2 osteoblast- and 3 osteoclast- related genes. Gene ontology analysis for the whole-body showed that transcription of genes in the category "nucleus" was significantly enhanced; particularly, transcription-regulators were more up-regulated at day 2 than at day 6. Lastly, we identified 5 genes, c-fos, jun-B-like, pai-1, ddit4 and tsc22d3, which were up-regulated commonly in the whole-body at days 2 and 6, and in the pharyngeal bone at day 2. Our results suggested that exposure to microgravity immediately induced dynamic alteration of gene expression levels in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

A comprehensive method to synthesize negative group delay (NGD) in the microwave regime with a maximally flat response is proposed in this paper. This method is based on transversal-filter topologies; it will be shown that by choosing proper coupling coefficients of each tap of a transversal filter, we can realize NGDs with maximally flat characteristics at the output of the transversal filter. The desired coefficients to realize maximally flat NGDs with various amount of group delay are analytically derived and tabulated in this paper. Furthermore, the results are verified experimentally through microwave transversal-filter approaches in both passive and active ways using multi-section asymmetric directional couplers and distributed amplifiers. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

We compared the biologic activities of 85-kDa macrophage-CSF (85-kDa M-CSF), which is fully active, and a proteoglycan M-CSF (PG-M-CSF). Both originate from the same precursor, but the latter retains the carboxyl-terminal portion, which must be proteolytically removed from the precursor to generate 85-kDa M-CSF and which is uniquely modified by a chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan chain. PG-M-CSF supported the formation of murine macrophage colonies such as 85-kDa M-CSF. Furthermore, PG-M-CSF stimulated the proliferation of murine bone marrow macrophages, an M-CSF-dependent murine cell line, and an M-CSF-responsive human cell line established by transfer of the human M-CSF receptor gene. PG-M-CSF and 85-kDa M-CSF had equivalent specific biologic activities on a molar basis in all bioassays. The activity of PG-M-CSF was not affected by enzymatically removing the glycosaminoglycan chain when assayed by the formation of macrophage colonies and proliferation of the bone marrow macrophages. We analyzed the phosphorylation on tyrosine residue(s) of the M-CSF receptor in response to these M-CSFs that trigger mitogenic responses. PG-M-CSF rapidly (within 10 min) induced receptor phosphorylation in human cells with the same potency as 85-kDa M-CSF. These results indicate that PG-M-CSF is not a latent form or precursor of 85-kDa M-CSF but a fully biologically active cytokine.

As bone marrow progenitors migrate to the thymus, differentiate into immunologically competent T cells, then leave the thymus and home to the peripheral lymphoid organs, each migration or homing is an essentially critical process for T cell differentiation. Homing of thymocytes into peripheral lymphoid organs has been extensively analyzed. On the contrary, little is known about the mechanism whereby mature thymocytes emigrate from the thymus to peripheral lymphoid organs. In this work, we show that the mutant T cell deficiency strain (CTS) of mouse, previously described as a peripheral T cell deficiency strain, has a novel defect of mature thymocyte emigration process. Flow-cytometric analysis demonstrated a marked decrease in T lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid organs and an accumulation of mature thymocytes in the thymus. Histologic study revealed the high concentration of thymocytes within the giant perivascular space at thymic corticomedullary junction. These accumulating cells closely resemble normal peripheral T lymphocytes in terms of cell surface phenotype and responsiveness to mitogens or allogeneic cells. They were found to express the Mel-14 Ag, the homing receptor to lymph nodes, and had a high capability of homing to peripheral lymphoid organs when explanted thymocytes were injected i.v. The intrathymic labeling methods detected hardly any emigrating CTS thymocytes from the thymus. These results indicate that emigration defect lies in the thymus of CTS mice, and suggest that this mutation is due to abnormal releasing mechanisms occurring between the thymus and the bloodstream. Complete delineation of the precise mechanisms of this defect, however, requires further studies.

Total synthesis of trideca-O-methyl-alpha-pedunculagin was achieved by a simple sequence. The key step is the synthesis of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-O-[(S)-4,4',5,5',6,6'-hexamethoxydiphenoyl]-alpha-D-glucopyranoside through intramolecular ester-cyclization of racemic hexamethoxydiphenoyl chloride with methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside at the 2,3-position. The diastereoselectivity results obtained in the intramolecular cyclization of hexamethoxydiphenic acid to the carbohydrate core raises a very interesting point in considering the pathway of (R)-diphenic acid biosynthesis.

Larval dispersion and recruitment of vent and seep animals are important to maintain species composition including endemic fauna. Rearing studies need enormous amounts of time, however, they produce much biological data. The larval data of vent and seep animals in this study will be important data for identification and larval dispersion. Many species of deep-sea chemosynthetic animals were collected and kept on board ships and in aquaria at atmospheric pressure. Larvae of several species of deep-sea chemosynthetic animals have been observed in aquaria: squat lobster Shinkaia crosnieri and Munidopsis myojinsinsis, vent crab Gandalfus yunohana, vent shrimp Opaepele loihi, vestimentiferan tube worms Lamellibrachia satsuma, Lamellibrachia sp. and Alaysia spp, vent and cold seep mussels Bathymodiolus platifrons and B. septenderium and vent flat fish Symphurus thermophilus. Embryonic development of several vent animals tends to be accelerated in higher temperatures. Such species larvae or eggs rise up to upper water layers by buoyancy or positive swimming. They may then be transferred to other habitats by ocean currents. Those larvae have eyes and may be active predators in the mid water, which is rich in prey and has higher temperatures than bottom layers. On the other hand, larvae or eggs of tube worms and mussels may be trapped in the circulation of water around their habitats and thus these larvae can acquire symbionts easily.

The in vivo binding of [3 H]N-methylspiperone (NMSP) and [3 H]raclopride was compared in mice treated with reserpine (5 mg/kg, 24 hr prior to the tracer injection). With both radioligands, selective accumulation of radioactivity in the striatum following intravenous injection was observed, whereas a relatively low accumulation and a rapid decline in radioactivity in the cerebellum was seen. Reserpine significantly decreased [3 H]NMSP binding in vivo, however it increased [3 H]raclopride binding. By compartment model analysis, it was found that the decrease in [3 H]NMSP binding was primarily due to the decrease in the association rate (K3) and the increase in [3 H]raclopride was due to the decrease in the dissociation rate (K4) in vivo. As both Kd and Bmax of dopamine D2 receptors have been reported to be unaltered by reserpine, these results suggested that some unknown factors except Kd and Bmax which influence on in vivo binding of receptors might be changed by reserpine. These results revealed that it is of importance to measure kinetics of ligand-receptor binding in vivo rather than static analysis. These two different types of radioligands can be combined to reveal functional roles of dopamine receptor in vivo, especially in the study of the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET).

L'efficacité d'un hamac expérimental muni d'une couverture en moustiquaire, tous deux en polyéthylène imprégné d'un insecticide pyréthrinoïde (perméthrine) et à longue durée d'efficacité, a été testée dans une case expérimentale en parpaings de ciment contre des populations naturelles de Anopheles gambiae s.l., vecteur de paludisme, et de Mansonia africana (Theobald) et Mansonia uniformis (Theobald), moustiques nuisants et vecteur d'arboviroses. Le hamac a été évalué pendant 20 semaines consécutives en comparaison avec des tortillons insecticides. 2,227 moustiques (130 An. gambiae et 2,097 Mansonia spp.), soit 27,8 moustiques par nuit de capture ont été collectés dans la case non traitée (témoin). L'effet répulsif des tortillons comme celui du hamac ont diminué significativement le taux d'entrée des moustiques dans les cases (de 35 à 60%). Le pourcentage d'inhibition du taux de piqûres a été élevé, tant pour les tortillons que le hamac (de 93 à 97%) ainsi que la mortalité (de 88 à 98%). En protégeant durablement les personnes dormant à l'intérieur des habitations, il apparaît que les hamacs imprégnés sont plus pratiques que les tortillons dans la mesure où ces derniers doivent être remplacés chaque nuit. Il serait intéressant d'évaluer l'efficacité de ces hamacs imprégnés contre les vecteurs exophages dans la mesure où la plupart des gens dormant spontanément dans des hamacs les utilisent à l'extérieur.

Substitution of two fluorine atoms on organic molecules is expected to alter both chemical reactivity and biological activity due to the strong electron-withdrawing nature of fluorine. The synthesis of partly gem-difluorinated compounds remains a significant challenge to synthetic organic chemists. We report that [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement of 1,1,2-trifluoroallylic ether gave a new type of partly gem-difluorinated allylic alcohol: 6-methyl-4,4,5-trifluorohept-1,5-dien-3-ol, 3, in a highly stereoselective fashion, and optical resolution of alcohol 3 was accomplished via lipase PS(PCL)-catalyzed reaction. Using this alcohol as the starting material, the first asymmetric synthesis of both enantiomers of point-fluorinated-eldanolides, 2,2,5,5,6-pentafluoroeldanolide 1 and 5,5,6-trifluoroeldanolide 2, analogues of the sex pheromone of the male African sugarcane borer, has been demonstrated.

The resistivity and thermopower of Na$_{1+x}$Co$_2$O$_4$ and Na$_{1.1-x}$Ca$_x$Co$_2$O$_4$ are measured and analyzed. In Na$_{1+x}$Co$_2$O$_4$, whereas the resistivity increases with $x$, the thermopower is nearly independent of $x$. This suggests that the excess Na is unlikely to supply carriers, and decreases effective conduction paths in the sample. In Na$_{1.1-x}$Ca$_x$Co$_2$O$_4$, the resistivity and the thermopower increase with $x$, and the Ca$^{2+}$ substitution for Na$^+$ reduces the majority carriers in NaCo$_2$O$_4$. This means that they are holes, which is consistent with the positive sign of the thermopower. Strong correlation in this compound is evidenced by the peculiar temperature dependence of the resistivity., Comment: 4 pages, 5 eps figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B

The resistivity and thermopower of polycrystalline (Na,Ca)Co_2O_4 were measured and analyzed. Both the quantities increase with x, suggesting that the carrier density is decreased by the substitutions of Ca^{2+} for Na^{+}. Considering that the temperature dependence of the resistivity show a characteristic change with x, the conduction mechanism is unlikely to come from a simple electron-phonon scattering. As a reference for NaCo_2O_4, single crystals of a two-dimensional Co oxide (Bi,Pb)_2M_3Co_2O_9 (M=Sr and Ba) were studied. The Pb substitution decreases the resistivity, leaving the thermopower nearly intact., Comment: LaTex 2.06 eith epsf style, 3 pages, 6 eps figures

Previously, we reported two DNA repair-defective siblings who did not belong to any complementation group of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) or Cockayne syndrome (CS). By surveying other photosensitive patients whose fibroblasts showed similar biochemical phenotypes, we found another nonconsanguineous Japanese patient belonging to the same complementation group as our previous cases. Postreplication repair of the cells derived from these patients was normal, indicating that they cannot be classified as XP variant. Neither transfection nor microinjection of the cells with the human DNA repair gene ERCC1, which is known not to correct any complementation groups of XP or CS, failed to correct the defect of these cells, indicating that they do not belong to the rodent complementation group 1. However, the defect in recovery of RNA synthesis (RRS) after UV irradiation was restored by microinjection of HeLa cell extract. Although clinical manifestations of these patients--such as acute sunburn, dryness, freckling, pigmentation anomalies on sun-exposed skin, and teleangiectasia without neurological abnormalities or tumors--are similar to a mild XP phenotype, cellular characteristics such as UV sensitivity and defective RRS after UV irradiation with normal unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) are reminiscent of CS. On the basis of these results, we propose that these patients be included under a general category designated "UV-sensitive" (UVs) syndrome.

Epidural spinal cord stimulation was performed in a patient complaining of spasticity with intractable pain after operation of metastatic spinal tumor. The end of the electrode was positioned along a line extending down the 11th vertebral body. Following confirmation of satisfactory effects during 10 days of trial stimulation, the electrode was permanently implanted. Excellent pain relief (80%) and significant relaxation of spasticity resulted in a medication free period with improved daily activities. Although the treatment of this case resulted in clinical success, the problem concerning the payment of the transmitter remained. We hope that the health insurance system will extend its indications to cover medical fees for the transmitter.

New possibilities have been investigated for recently developed solid-state tunable ultraviolet (UV) laser materials such as Ce+ ion-activated LuLiF4 (LLF) and LiCaAlF6 (LiCAF). With their broad-gain width, demonstrated reliability, and high efficiency, they are attractive for ultrashort pulse generation and amplification. To prove that, we have demonstrated UV picosecond-pulse amplification using Ce : LLF. For such new laser materials, we proposed a passive self-injection seeding scheme for the direct generation of short-pulse trains, which does not require CW-operation capability or an external short-pulse seeding laser. Using this simple scheme, a UV sub-nanosecond pulse train is directly and passively generated from Ce:LLF pumped by a standard 10-ns KrF excimer laser, and Ce : LiCAF pumped by the fourth harmonic of a conventional 10-ns Q -switched Nd : YAG laser. © 1995 IEEE

A case of intravenous leiomyomatosis with extension into the right ventricle is described. A tumor in the inferior vena cava was detected 5 years after a hysterectomy had been performed for a myomatous uterus, but was misdiagnosed as an intracaval thrombus. Three years later this tumor was discovered after it had enlarged and intruded into the right ventricle. The correct diagnosis was made after a complete evaluation. The patient underwent surgery employing simultaneous sternotomy and laparotomy. Radical excision was achieved using cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermic circulatory arrest. The diagnostic and surgical approaches are reviewed and discussed.

A case of osteogenesis imperfecta with aortic regurgitation is described. The patient had a dilated aortic valve ring and an aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva. The patient manifested severe hemodynamic abnormalities and underwent aortic root reconstruction using a valved conduit. The operative problems and the pathological findings are discussed.

We present theoretical and experimental data in the frequency spectrum and doping concentration that show the variation of the effective index of refraction neff from a "slow wave" mode into the "lossy dielectric" mode for Coplanar-Waveguides (CPW) fabricated on GaAs substrates. We show that this variation can be modeled by an equivalent transmission line circuit model based on a quasi-static approach using two effective physical parameters (i) the thickness of the lossy layer and (ii) the conductivity.

The effects of pirenzepine on the serum gastrin levels in the basal state and in response to a liquid test meal were investigated in nine patients with gastric ulcer. Single-dose administration of the drug caused a significant decrease in the basal gastrin level and significant inhibition of the serum gastrin response. When measured 12 h after the end of drug treatment for 7 days, the serum gastrin levels in the basal state and in response to a test meal tended to be high, but the differences were not statistically significant.

A dissecting aortic aneurysm involving a right-sided aortic arch is quite rare. This report describes this unusual entity and emphasizes the requirement for precise anatomical definition by aortography to permit appropriate successful surgical therapy. Bilateral thoracotomy is essential for the surgical approach.

Two patients who developed coronary aneurysm at the site of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) in proximal LAD accompanied by severe re-stenosis just proximal to the aneurysm are described. Both patients underwent Coronary Arterial Bypass Grafting (CABG) to distal LAD to stop anginal attacks refractory to any anti-anginal drugs and to prevent a rupture of a coronary aneurysm. After the operation the anginal attacks disappeared and no trace of coronary aneurysm was visible in the coronary angiogram.

Reported is a case of a calcified mesenteric cyst that was causing obstruction of the small bowel. Because only roughly one case occurs per 100,000 hospital admissions, mesenteric cysts are rarely thought of and may be difficult to diagnose. The differential diagnosis includes such critical lesions as aortic aneurysm, pancreatitis, ovarian cysts, omental cysts, and lipomas of the mesentery. The proper treatment of these rare lesions is somewhat influenced by causative factors: embryonic, traumatic, neoplastic, infectious, or degenerative. Surgical excision or enucleation is preferred to internal or external drainage. Ultrasonography is becoming increasingly valuable as a diagnostic tool.

A 56-year-old man was involved in an automobile accident and had abdominal blunt injury with the steering wheel. He developed slight abdominal distension and pulseless, cold sensation and peripheral cyanosis of the left lower extremity which suggested acute arterial occlusion. DSA revealed complete obstruction of the common iliac artery near its origin and the leakage of contrast medium at peripheral branch of the SMA. Four and a half hours after injury, surgical exploration was carried out. Laparotomy showed the laceration of the mesentery with accumulation of massive fresh and clotted blood in the abdominal cavity. Obstructed portion of the left common iliac artery was resected and arterial reconstruction was performed with prosthetic graft (8mm Gore-Tex for end to end left common-left external iliac bypass, 6mm Gore-Tex for side to end right common-left hypogastric bypass). A resected specimen demonstrated completely disrupted intima, resulting in the obstruction of the lumen associated with distal fresh thrombosis. The postoperative course was uneventful with successful patency of both grafts.

The ribosomal protein L7/L12 functions in the GTP-dependent reactions of protein synthesis [ 1,2] . A comparison of its primary structure, both in procaryotic and eucaryotic organisms, would be of great interest, not only for localizing active sites involved in protein biosynthesis, but also for tracing evolutionary changes of the protein moiety of the ribosome. Up to now, only the complete primary structure of Escherichia coli L7/L12 protein has been published [3]. Visentin et al. [4] performed sequence studies of the amino-terminal region of the Bacillus stearothermophilus protein, and they found that the first 15 residues are highly homologous with residues 2-16 of the E. coli protein. Oda et al. [S] published partial sequences of an acidic protein, L20, of Halobacterium cutirubrum which appears to be homologous to L7/L12. The amino-terminal region of this protein shows a substantial degree of homology with the region, starting at residue 35 of the E. coli protein. The presence of acidic proteins in 60 S ribosomes of the brine shrimp Artemia salina was previously reported by Moller et al. [6]. These proteins were shown to function in the GTP-dependent reactions in ribosomes [6,7] . We therefore assume that these proteins are equivalent to bacterial L7/L12 and we hereafter call them L7/L12-type proteins. The present communication is concerned with the comparison of the aminoterminal region of the L7/L12-type proteins from Artemia salina and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results indicate a remarkable conservation of this region and a clear relationship to the aminoterminal part of the protein from the halophile.

This study analyzes notched specimens made of stainless steel 316L which undergo low cycle fatigue. The specimens were already tested with three different types of load paths and the results were carried out in terms of fatigue life and hardness. The geometries involved feature four types of stress concentration factors. From the pictures of the cracked specimens, the crack initiation spot was detected to be moved from the notch tip. This work evaluates the value and position of local parameters of strain and stress by means of a sophisticated finite element method analysis which described the real material behavior. Other than comparing the crack initiation spot found in the numerical analysis with the one observed in the tests, the model allowed to summarize the fatigue life in a narrow scatter band, giving a reliable design tool and a faithful interpretation of the phenomena involved in this type of load cycle.