1. COVID-19 Infection in Children and Infants: Current Status on Therapies and Vaccines
- Author
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Giuseppina Malcangi, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Angelo Michele Inchingolo, Fabio Piras, Vito Settanni, Grazia Garofoli, Giulia Palmieri, Sabino Ceci, Assunta Patano, Antonio Mancini, Luigi Vimercati, Damiano Nemore, Arnaldo Scardapane, Biagio Rapone, Alexandra Semjonova, Maria Teresa D’Oria, Luigi Macchia, Ioana Roxana Bordea, Giovanni Migliore, Antonio Scarano, Felice Lorusso, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia, Delia Giovanniello, Ludovica Nucci, Nicola Maggialetti, Antonio Parisi, Marina Di Domenico, Nicola Brienza, Silvio Tafuri, Pasquale Stefanizzi, Luigi Curatoli, Alberto Corriero, Maria Contaldo, Francesco Inchingolo, Gianna Dipalma, Malcangi, G., Inchingolo, A. D., Inchingolo, A. M., Piras, F., Settanni, V., Garofoli, G., Palmieri, G., Ceci, S., Patano, A., Mancini, A., Vimercati, L., Nemore, D., Scardapane, A., Rapone, B., Semjonova, A., D'Oria, M. T., Macchia, L., Bordea, I. R., Migliore, G., Scarano, A., Lorusso, F., Tartaglia, G. M., Giovanniello, D., Nucci, L., Maggialetti, N., Parisi, A., Di Domenico, M., Brienza, N., Tafuri, S., Stefanizzi, P., Curatoli, L., Corriero, A., Contaldo, M., Inchingolo, F., Dipalma, G., Malcangi, Giuseppina, Inchingolo, Alessio Danilo, Inchingolo, Angelo Michele, Piras, Fabio, Settanni, Vito, Garofoli, Grazia, Palmieri, Giulia, Ceci, Sabino, Patano, Assunta, Mancini, Antonio, Vimercati, Luigi, Nemore, Damiano, Scardapane, Arnaldo, Rapone, Biagio, Semjonova, Alexandra, D’Oria, Maria Teresa, Macchia, Luigi, Bordea, Ioana Roxana, Migliore, Giovanni, Scarano, Antonio, Lorusso, Felice, Tartaglia, Gianluca Martino, Giovanniello, Delia, Nucci, Ludovica, Maggialetti, Nicola, Parisi, Antonio, Domenico, Marina Di, Brienza, Nicola, Tafuri, Silvio, Stefanizzi, Pasquale, Curatoli, Luigi, Corriero, Alberto, Contaldo, Maria, Inchingolo, Francesco, and Dipalma, Gianna
- Subjects
Vaccines ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Antibodie ,SARS-CoV-1 ,COVID-19 ,Pfizer ,antibodies ,children ,dentistry ,pregnancy ,therapy ,vaccines ,Settore MED/28 - Malattie Odontostomatologiche ,Pregnancy ,Dentistry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Therapy ,Children - Abstract
Since the beginning in December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak appeared to affect mostly the adult population, sparing the vast majority of children who only showed mild symptoms. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the status on the mechanisms that give children and infants this variation in epidemiology compared to the adult population and its impact on therapies and vaccines that are aimed towards them. A literature review, including in vitro studies, reviews, published guidelines and clinical trials was performed. Clinical trials concerned topics that allowed a descriptive synthesis to be produced. Four underlying mechanisms were found that may play a key role in providing COVID-19 protection in babies. No guidelines are available yet for therapy due to insufficient data; support therapy remains the most used. Only two vaccines are approved by the World Health Organization to be used in children from 12 years of age, and there are currently no efficacy or safety data for children below the age of 12 years. The COVID-19 clinical frame infection is milder in children and adolescents. This section of the population can act as vectors and reservoirs and play a key role in the transmission of the infection; therefore, vaccines are paramount. More evidence is required to guide safely the vaccination campaign.
- Published
- 2022
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