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Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures 1-16, Supplementary Table 1, and Supplementary methods.

Additional file 2. Primer sequences used in the study.

Background: For patients with severe post-stroke pusher behavior (PB), acquiring a vertical posture involves correcting paretic-sided body tilt to the non-paretic side. Active lateral sitting training may facilitate improvement in postural orientation for patients with PB. However, its effect on patients with severe PB remains unclear. Objective: To determine the effect of performing a lateral-reaching exercise in patients with severe PB seated on a tilted surface Methods: Three patients with severe PB due to right hemispheric stroke participated in our study. Using a single-case design, the intervention’s effect was verified using the applied behavior analysis method. Conventional physical therapy was performed for 1 h at baseline and at follow-up. During the intervention, lateral sitting training on a tilted surface was performed 40 times per session (total, 2 sessions). PB was assessed using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing and the Burke Lateropulsion Scale, and patient-reported fear of falling. The Function in Sitting Test (FIST) and the Trunk Control Test (TCT) were administered. Results: PB improved in all patients post-intervention and persisted at follow-up. Fear of falling during the passive sitting task while moving toward the non-paretic side disappeared post-intervention and at follow-up. FIST and TCT scores improved in 2 patients. Conclusion: The lateral sitting exercise reduced severe PB in all patients; however, sitting balance and trunk performance did not improve in 1 patient. Future studies to examine the adaptability of this task and long-term effects are needed.