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ObjectivesCurrent literature is lacking a comprehensive review of data on dietary interventions in blood pressure (BP) management in sub-Saharan African countries. We assessed the association of dietary and other lifestyle interventions with BP-lowering effects in populations within sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis to determine the impact of dietary and lifestyle interventions on SBP and DBP in sub-Saharan Africa. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. We included intervention studies that were randomized and nonrandomized conducted in Africans residing in sub-Saharan Africa investigating diet and other lifestyle, physical activity, weight loss, tobacco, and alcohol cessation modifications. We determined the effect of diet and other lifestyle interventions on SBP and DBP. We expressed effect size as weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI).Main results: We identified six studies with a total of 1412 individuals, 38% males, mean age of 52.8 years (SD = 11.5). The weighted mean difference of dietary and other lifestyle interventions on SBP and DBP was -7.33 mmHg, (95% CI: -9.90 to -4.76, P

This article discusses differences and similarities between (methodological) rules of thumb of contribution analysis, realist evaluation, and the policy-scientific approach to (program) evaluations. John Mayne’s work and his operating procedures are presented and structured. One of the conclusions is that the three approaches form a ‘family.’ This ‘family’ can substantially contribute to at least six of the 10 “declarations of the Program Theory Manifesto” presented in 2019.

Numeracy is an essential skill needed in everyday life. The study aimed to assess the numeracy of Jose Magsaysay Elementary School learners using the Makati Localized Assessment Tool for Stage 1 (Grades 1-3). Specifically, the study determined the numeracy gaps encountered by the learners, the numeracy levels of the learners, and how the school can address the needs of the learners in numeracy. Utilizing a quantitative research design, the results of an eight-week intervention utilizing the Makati Localized Numeracy Assessment Tool indicated no statistically significant differences between pre-and post-tests for students in Grade 2 and Grade 3, although a relatively significant difference was seen for students in Grade 1. Furthermore, paired correlations showed no significant association between pre-and post-test results across all grade levels, suggesting the intervention for students' numeracy abilities did not succeed in closing numeracy gaps Findings also indicate that the majority of Grade 1, Grade 2, and Grade 3 students need major support for all eight numeracy skills examined and that the school must address the weakness of students in numeracy skills through better interventions such as exposing students to more drills and exercises, differentiated instruction, and using better instructional materials together with parent-student conferences for numeracy and one-on-one tutoring. It is also recommended that the school conduct new intervention strategies to determine what would assist in addressing the learners' numeracy gaps. In addition, as the intervention in the current research lasted just eight weeks, the school may potentially explore an extended numeracy intervention period that lasts longer than eight weeks for future interventions. Furthermore, future researchers might investigate interventions that incorporate parental participation, particularly for kids in Grades 1, 2, and 3, and examine the different factors that influence the eight dimensions of numeracy skills by the student to provide better numeracy gaps interventions for students.

Commercial marketing literature highlights benefits from brand advocates who recruit and promote in the interest of the commercial entity. However, a similar focus is lacking on how advocacy can extend the effectiveness of social change initiatives. We utilise a case study to demonstrate the benefit of social advocacy and its impact on behaviour change, and thereby propose an advocacy model. To develop this conceptual model, we discuss several key areas; behaviour change and advocacy, advocate identification, and how to influence advocacy within communities and individuals. This research provides a guiding framework for practitioners to develop programs and interventions with advocacy triggers and strategies to enhance the longevity and effectiveness of social change programs through participant-based advocacy. Thus, giving intervention programs in a variety of organisational structures e.g. non-profit, corporate, government etc. a specific model to increase the effectiveness of social programs. Our paper extends behaviour change literature by leveraging social marketing concepts to modify and extend the transtheoretical model.

Previous research emphasizes the importance of well-being in old age and its association with positive mental and physical health at earlier stages of aging during midlife. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy has the potential to support positive aging processes. This study examines the feasibility and acceptability of a new unguided eHealth ACT module in a population from 40 years onwards. Data was collected at two measurement points in time (before and after completion of the ACT module). In total three-hundred and thirteen participants (range=40-75 years; Mean(SD)=54 years (8.3); 76% female) had eight weeks access to the ACT module and responded to the feasibility questionnaire, upon completion of the module. Logged data (time spent online per session and in total, number of attended sessions) was also analyzed. Of the respondents, 76% reported a completion rate of 75%-100%. On average 3.5 hours (SD= 6.4) per week were spent on the module and practicing the ACT skills. The mean evaluation of the module was 7.4 (SD = 1.2, range=1-10). Approximately 80% of the participants rated each session as (very) good. Absence of guidance was marked as a limitation. The results indicate good feasibility and acceptance of this unguided eHealth module. This is a promising result as this is, to our knowledge, the first study applying an eHealth ACT module to the general population in the context of positive aging. The effectiveness results will be addressed in a future paper.

Aims: Substance use disorders (SUD) are associated with cognitive deficits that are not always addressed in current treatments, and this hampers recovery. Cognitive training and remediation interventions are well suited to fill the gap for managing cognitive deficits in SUD. We aimed to reach consensus on recommendations for developing and applying these interventions. Design, Setting and Participants: We used a Delphi approach with two sequential phases: survey development and iterative surveying of experts. This was an on-line study. During survey development, we engaged a group of 15 experts from a working group of the International Society of Addiction Medicine (Steering Committee). During the surveying process, we engaged a larger pool of experts (n = 54) identified via recommendations from the Steering Committee and a systematic review. Measurements: Survey with 67 items covering four key areas of intervention development: targets, intervention approaches, active ingredients and modes of delivery. Findings: Across two iterative rounds (98% retention rate), the experts reached a consensus on 50 items including: (i) implicit biases, positive affect, arousal, executive functions and social processing as key targets of interventions; (ii) cognitive bias modification, contingency management, emotion regulation training and cognitive remediation as preferred approaches; (iii) practice, feedback, difficulty-titration, bias modification, goal-setting, strategy learning and meta-awareness as active ingredients; and (iv) both addiction treatment work-force and specialized neuropsychologists facilitating delivery, together with novel digital-based delivery modalities. Conclusions: Expert recommendations on cognitive training and remediation for substance use disorders highlight the relevance of targeting implicit biases, reward, emotion regulation and higher-order cognitive skills via well-validated intervention approaches qualified with mechanistic techniques and flexible delivery options., Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) MRF1141214, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia GNT2009464

What is known and objective:Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common inhospitalized patients in intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of the study is to reduceDRPs and associated costs with clinical pharmacist's (CP) recommendations.Methods:The study is a prospective, non-randomized controlled study conducted inthe ICU for a total of 6 months (1 January 2021–30 June 2021) in 2-month con-trol, 2-month study, and 2-month control periods. Patients who were hospitalizedfor more than 24 h and used more than one medication were included in thestudy. The PCNE V9.1 Classification system was used in the classification ofDRPs. During the intervention period, CP recommendations for DRPs wereproposed to the healthcare team.Results and discussion:A total of 146 patients were included in the study. A total of1061 DRPs from all periods were detected. The most common causes of DRPs werepotential drug–drug interactions (31.76%), high dose (12.44%), and dose timinginstruction errors (9.24%). For 347 DRPs identified during the study period, 259 inter-ventions (74.63%) were recommended, and 238 (91.89%) were accepted by physi-cians. Interventions were mostly made as interrupting/discontinuing the drug(28.02%), changing the dose (25.27%), changing the instructions for use (20.32%),and starting a new drug (15.93%). Cost savings were achieved with CP recommenda-tions applied.What is new and conclusion:The CP's recommendations were highly accepted bythe healthcare team. With the CP's participation in routine patient rounds in thehealthcare team of the ICU, drug-related costs would also decrease.

Telepractice or teletherapy is defined as the means of service delivery via technology-based platforms that allow long-distance interventions across populations, age spans, and geographical locations. Specifically, telepractice capitalizes on communication technologies such as online modules, videoconferencing, and computerized software programs, in servicing populations with communication challenges. Notably, telepractice has emerged as a potentially effective, low-cost, and promising means of conducting and completing online assessment, diagnosis, and intervention sessions for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Moreover, telepractice allows the inclusion of parents, caregivers, and educators as potential facilitators in supporting treatment delivery in populations with ASD. This thematic review article aims to highlight and acquaint practitioners and other stakeholders with relatively recent information regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the telepractice service delivery model in ASD. Furthermore, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted service delivery in the field of Health Sciences including speech and language pathology (SLP). Consequently, the need to avoid face-to-face therapy sessions, recommended to SLPs as to all health practitioners, resulted in the call for adaptation and adjustment of service telepractice. This paper attempts to answer this call by suggesting supplementing traditional diagnostic and therapy resources with training modules consisting of online materials and use of animated and specially designed programs in SLP intervention with individuals with ASD. Lastly, the paper includes a discussion of research findings in the field, a conclusion, and a take-home message.

A saúde mental na escola abrange a possibilidade de integração dos meios educacionais como núcleo central para assistência dos sujeitos e da comunidade a partir de suas demandas especificadas, abarcando meios de intervenção preventiva e promotora perante contingências individuais-societárias. Desse modo, a saúde mental envolve um conjunto de políticas e formatações estratégicas frente das necessidades da sociedade contemporânea, contemplando modalidades executivas e institucionais como forma de prevenir, acolher e tratar o sujeito, assim como os aspectos coletivizados, mediante de fatores de adoecimento no contexto do funcionamento psíquico. Pensando nisso, o estudo aqui exposto objetiva possíveis modos de discussão-interventiva defronte das contingências da instituição escolar, tendo como plano de fundo as diretrizes teórico-práticas da saúde mental em sua natureza inter e multidisciplinar, (re)pensando sobre as caracterizações da saúde-doença presentes na educação contemporânea. Por meio dos elementos elaboradas, conclui-se que a saúde mental na escola compreende um conjunto de demandas subjetivas-coletivas imprescindíveis no berço civilizatório e vivencial da educação contemporânea, demonstrando que as intervenções, em seus níveis preventivos, promotores e de encaminhamento, são fundamentações e execuções essenciais nas pontuações inter e multidisciplinares, englobando, sobretudo, o corpo pedagógico e a comunidade escolar.

A Organização Mundial de Saúde foi alertada, em dezembro de 2019, sobre casos de pneumonia em Wuhan, província de Hubei, na República Popular da China. Para Botelho, et al. (2021), além das disfunções respiratórias causadas durante a infecção, a doença ocasiona diversas limitações no organismo. Este artigo tem por objetivo elencar as intervenções fisioterapêuticas no tratamento pós-covid. O presente estudo trata-se de um estudo de caso que visa analisar quais intervenções fisioterapêuticas são eficazes em pacientes pós-covid 19. Visto isso, é necessário que mais estudos sejam desenvolvidos a fim de que haja maior contribuição e participação da fisioterapia no tratamento de seqüelas pós-covid.

Este estudo traz evidências a respeito da assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com carcinoma epidermóide. Em se tratando de uma patologia invasiva e com grande complexidade no tratamento, o carcinoma epidermoide, assim como qualquer patologia crônica provoca um grande impacto no indivíduo, pois, muitos ignoram os sinais da doença e negligenciam na busca de um tratamento e, quando é diagnosticado como câncer, por vezes está bem avançado dificultando assim a eficácia do tratamento. Tem-se como objetivo compreender assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com carcinoma epidermóide, assim como, descrever as principais causas do carcinoma epidermóide, relatar estratégias de prevenção e promoção, relatar a atuação da enfermagem no acolhimento e tratamento de pacientes com o carcinoma epidermóide. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa a partir das seguintes bases de dados:Scientific Eletronic Library Online(SciELO); Base de dados de Enfermagem (BDENF); Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LiLACS);Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online(MEDLINE); e o Google Acadêmico. A partir dos dados coletados observou-se que o profissional da enfermagem pode contribuir significativamente para um acolhimento mais humanizado. Porém, para esse acolhimento, faz-se necessário reconhecer o papel relevante desse profissional no âmbito hospitalar no atendimento a pacientes com câncer.&nbsp

IntroductionCost-effective interventions that improve medication adherence are urgently needed to address the epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India. However, in low- and middle-income countries like India, there is a lack of analysis evaluating the effectiveness of adherence improving strategies. We conducted the first systematic review evaluating interventions aimed at improving medication adherence for chronic diseases in India.MethodsA systematic search on MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted. Based on a PRISMA-compliant, pre-defined methodology, randomized control trials were included which: involved subjects with NCDs; were located in India; used any intervention with the aim of improving medication adherence; and measured adherence as a primary or secondary outcome.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 1,552 unique articles of which 22 met inclusion criteria. Interventions assessed by these studies included education-based interventions (n = 12), combinations of education-based interventions with regular follow up (n = 4), and technology-based interventions (n = 2). Non-communicable diseases evaluated commonly were respiratory disease (n = 3), type 2 diabetes (n = 6), cardiovascular disease (n = 8) and depression (n = 2).ConclusionsAlthough the vast majority of primary studies supporting the conclusions were of mixed methodological quality, patient education by CHWs and pharmacists represent promising interventions to improve medication adherence, with further benefits from regular follow-up. There is need for systematic evaluation of these interventions with high quality RCTs and their implementation as part of wider health policy.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022345636, identifier: CRD42022345636.

Changing one variable at a time while controlling others is a key aspect of scientific experimentation and a central component of STEM curricula. However, children reportedly struggle to learn and implement this strategy. Why do children’s intuitions about how best to intervene on a causal system conflict with scientific practices? Mathematical analyses have shown that controlling variables is not always the most efficient learning strategy, and that its effectiveness depends on the “causal sparsity” of the problem, i.e., how many variables are likely to impact the outcome. We tested the degree to which 7- to 13-year-old children (n = 104) adapt their learning strategies based on expectations about causal sparsity. We report new evidence demonstrating that some previous work may have undersold children’s causal learning skills: Children can perform and interpret controlled experiments, are sensitive to causal sparsity, and use this information to tailor their testing strategies, demonstrating adaptive decision-making.

Little is known about the impact of military conflict on sex work from the perspective of sex workers. We attempt to explore the meaning of conflict on sex work by asking women about the changes that they have experienced in their lives and work since the beginning of the 2014 military conflict in eastern Ukraine. The findings in this article are based on qualitative interviews with 43 cisgender women living and practicing sex work in Dnipro, eastern Ukraine. Our analysis highlights the meanings that sex workers have linked to the conflict, with financial concerns emerging as a dominant theme. The conflict therefore functions as a way of understanding changing economic circumstances with both individual and broader impacts. By better understanding the meaning of conflict as expressed by sex workers, we can begin to adapt our response to address emerging, and unmet, needs of the community.

In the last decades, young people not in education or employment have become the focus of policy-makers worldwide, and there are high political expectations for various intervention initiatives. Despite the global focus, there is currently a lack of systemic knowledge of the factors supporting policy-making. Therefore, using scoping review methodology, a systematic literature overview of research findings in 2013–2021 on young people not in education or employment will be provided. The research revealed five categories to consider from a policy-making perspective: “NEET” as a concept, the heterogeneity of the target group, the impact of policies for young people, possible interventions, and factors influencing young people's coping strategies. Based on analysis, the target group requires applying the holistic principle where the young person is a unique person whose involvement in service creation supports the service's compliance with the actual needs of young people. To support young people, it is important to consider differences within a single social group; the interaction between the different site-based policies; young people's sense of self-perception and autonomy in entering support services; possible coping strategies and the need to provide support in a time and place-based flexible and caring environment through multidisciplinary teams. The study's results support the importance of implementation and the identification of existing opportunities of the EU's reinforced Youth Guarantee guidelines and point to possible future research topics related to the target group.

PurposeCollective catering sector is increasingly offering alternative and more sustainable food propositions, but their success rests on their reception by guests and changes induced in individual behaviors. The authors investigate food-change determinants by examining the relationship between food behavior at staff restaurants and at home.Design/methodology/approachIn an experiment over four days conducted in three staff restaurants, the authors monitored the behavioral changes and motivations of guests (n = 599) offered choices between standard and sustainable options for meat, fish, dairy products, fruit-based desserts and a vegetarian dish. The calculation of a “sustainable consumption score,” based on actual consumption at a restaurant by a subsample (n = 160) of guests gives an indication of interest for sustainable options.FindingsHigher overall choices were observed for vegetarian dishes and for the sustainable meat options rather than for the sustainable fish and desserts options, thus suggesting contrasted perceptions of the sustainable alternatives. The results revealed two profiles of consumers with contrasting scores. The “lower receptive guests” had lower commitment to sustainable food at home and at staff restaurants, while the “higher receptive guests” found in the intervention meaningful propositions for pursuing their existing at-home commitment.Research limitations/implicationsLong-term research would be required to verify whether repeated sustainable offers can break down deep-rooted choices and instill durable changes among consumers with lower commitment to sustainable food. This research contributes to the identification of some types of food that are more suitable for sustainable-oriented interventions.Practical implicationsSome food triggers are identified to further norm activation among the lower receptive profile of consumers.Originality/valueBy addressing continuities/discontinuities between at-home and at-restaurant consumption and mobilizing the “norm-activation” concept, the authors question the efficiency of sustainable food offers at work.

Antimicrobials are extensively used in livestock and aquaculture, exacerbating the antimicrobial resistance pandemic. A lack of knowledge about alternatives to replace antimicrobials, and their effectiveness, hampers changes in farming practices. This work aimed to understand the impact of strategies to reduce antimicrobial usage in livestock, including aquaculture, under field conditions, using a structured scoping literature review. The PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed and the PICOTS framework used. Articles were identified from Cab Abstracts, Medline and Scopus. A total of 7,505 articles were screened; 203 of which were included in the review. Given heterogeneity across articles in the way strategies were described, a qualitative synthesis was conducted. There were differences in the impacts of the strategies between and within species. Some options seem more promising than others, as their impacts were consistently equivalent or positive when compared to animal performance using antimicrobials. This work provides a data to address the identified data gaps., A paper is being prepared for peer-reviewed publication

IntroductionSocially Assistive Robotics has emerged as a potential tool for rehabilitating cognitive and developmental disorders in children with autism. Social robots found in the literature are often able to teach critical social skills, such as emotion recognition and physical interaction. Even though there are promising results in clinical studies, there is a lack of guidelines on selecting the appropriate robot and how to design and implement the child-robot interaction.MethodsThis work aims to evaluate the impacts of a social robot designed with three different appearances according to the results of a participatory design (PD) process with the community. A validation study in the emotion recognition task was carried out with 21 children with autism.ResultsSpectrum disorder results showed that robot-like appearances reached a higher percentage of children's attention and that participants performed better when recognizing simple emotions, such as happiness and sadness.DiscussionThis study offers empirical support for continuing research on using SAR to promote social interaction with children with ASD. Further long-term research will help to identify the differences between high and low-functioning children.

BackgroundResearch on the use of digital technologies for delivering behavioral interventions has shown mixed evidence on their efficacy for improving both autistic symptoms and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Little knowledge exists on the specific use or efficacy of using social media in interventions aimed at autistic individuals.ObjectiveTo review and describe the current existing evidence-based research on the use of social media in interventions aimed at autistic individuals.MethodsA search was conducted across 8 databases (PubMed; EMBASE; Cochrane Library; PsycInfo; ERIC; Education Source; Web of Science; and IEEE Xplore). We included primary studies and reviews that dealt with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); described interventions that use social media; and reported results from the intervention. The quality of the evidence of the included primary studies was graded according to the GRADE criteria, and the risk of bias in systematic reviews was assessed by drawing on the AMSTAR guidelines. Results were synthesized and sorted by quality of evidence.ResultsA total of nine articles were included in this review: eight primary studies (five non-randomized interventions and three randomized interventions) and one systematic review. The total number of participants with an ASD-diagnosis in the included studies was 164 (aged 5 to 22 years old). Studies weighted as being of moderate quality of evidence have reported significant positive effects in the groups that received the social media interventions: increased social engagement and participation in life situations; increased physical activity level; increased improvement on occupational performance, specified goals, and behavioral problems; and decreased plaque scores coupled with parent reports of intervention success. None of the studies have reported any negative effects linked to social media interventions.ConclusionThere is very little evidence of good quality on the use of social media in interventions aimed at autistic individuals. While there is a need for more high-quality studies, all the included studies, with one exception found positive results of the interventions. These findings are encouraging, suggesting that social media-based interventions may in fact be useful for supporting behavioral changes in autistic individuals.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=337185, identifier CRD42022337185.

Purpose People with complex health conditions must often navigate landscapes of uncoordinated public, private and voluntary health-care providers to obtain the care they need. Complex health conditions frequently transcend the scope of typical health-care service systems. The purpose of this paper is to explore and characterize such unique assemblages of actors and services as “user-defined ecosystems”. Design/methodology/approach Building on literature on customer ecosystems, this paper introduces the concept of the user-defined ecosystem (UDE). Using an abductive approach, the authors apply the concept in an interpretive, qualitative study of ten families with special needs children. Findings This study uncovers complex UDEs, where families actively combine a broad range of services. These ecosystems are unique for each family and extend beyond the scope of designed service ecosystems. Thus, the families are forced to assume an active, coordinating role. Research limitations/implications This paper shows how to identify ecosystems from the user’s point of view, based on the selected user unit (such as a family) and the focal value-creating function of the ecosystem for the user. Social implications This paper highlights how service providers can support and adapt to UDEs and, thus, contribute to user value and well-being. This can be used to understand users’ perspectives on service and systems in health and social care. Originality/value This study develops the concept of the UDE, which represents a customer-focused perspective on actor ecosystems and contrasts it with a provider-focused and a distributed perspective on ecosystems. This study demonstrates the practical usefulness of the conceptualization and provides a foundation for further research on the user’s perspective on ecosystems.

Objective: To provide consensus on how to plan, organize and implement exercise-based injury prevention program (IPP) in sports. Design: Delphi. Setting: LimeSurvey platform. Participants: Experienced sports physical therapists from the International Federation of Sports Physical Therapy member countries. Main outcome measures: Factors related to sports IPP planning, organization and implementation. Results: We included 305 participants from 32 countries. IPP planning should be based on an athlete's injury history, on pre-season screening results, and on injury rates (respectively, 98%, 92%, 89% agreement). In total 97% participants agreed that IPP organization should depend on the athlete's age, 93% on the competition level, and 93% on the availability of low-cost materials. It was agreed that IPP should mainly be implemented in warm-up sessions delivered by the head or strength/conditioning coach, with physical training sessions and individual physical therapy sessions (respectively, 94%, 92%, 90% agreement). Conclusion: Strong consensus was reached on (1) IPP based on the athlete's injury history, pre-season screening and evidence-based sports-specific injury rates; (2) IPP organization based on the athlete's age, competition level, and the availability of low-cost materials and (3) IPP implementation focussing on warm-up sessions implemented by the strength/conditioning coach, and/or individual prevention sessions by the physical therapist. (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives: Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting (FGM/C) is an act of gender-based violence (GBV) and a global public health issue with well-documented adverse outcomes. With the rise in global migration, there is an increasing prevalence of FGM/C among Arab diaspora living in the West and Global South. What remains unclear is how to reduce the practice. This study was designed to identify interventions exerting an effect on reducing the practice of FGM/C. Methods: A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted on interventions targeting individuals and/or the broader community to prevent FGM/C within the Arab League and its diaspora, up to December 2021. Databases searched included PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, BIOSIS, ASSIA and Scopus. Quality assessment used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018. Results: Twelve of 896 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight interventions relied entirely on education with short-term gains but unchanged practices. Three interventions used social marketing and mixed media. Only one study took a multi-sectoral approach. Conclusions: At a macro level, opportunities to reduce or to end the practice of FGM/C exist through legislation, policy, a public health approach grounded in gender equality and human rights. Using multi-sectoral actions that consider the social context and challenge social norms at macro, meso and micro levels appears more effective than individual-level interventions. Promoting advocacy and developing supportive environments to reduce GBV, enhance gender equality and empower communities is crucial for interventions to succeed and achieve the Sustainable Development Goal target of FGM/C abandonment by 2030.

Introducción: Las caídas son un problema de salud importante en ancianos institucionalizados debido a su alta morbimortalidad y a su relación con la calidad de vida futura. Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de caídas, el perfil de los pacientes que las sufren e identificar las posibles causas y efectos. Valorar la eficacia de la intervención en pacientes seleccionados para evitar más caídas. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo en un centro de media y larga estancia durante 12 meses. La obtención de datos se hizo a través del parte de caídas. La Comisión de Caídas elaboró una hoja de recogida de datos mensuales. Resultados: Hubo 155 caídas de 80 pacientes, el 40% de los cuales presentó más de una caída. El 84,5% sucedió en pacientes con más de 70 años. Un 55,5% se producen en el dormitorio. El 42,7% de los pacientes deambulan de manera independiente. El 74,8% de los casos tenían prescritos sedantes centrales, fármacos psicoactivos y antihipertensivos. El 27,7% de los casos sufrieron caídas por pérdida de equilibrio y el 22,5% por realizar una actividad sin tener la capacidad necesaria. El porcentaje de fracturas fue del 1,9%. Conclusiones: Los mayores de 70 años con pérdida de capacidad física o cognitiva, que presentan una marcha independiente, que tienen prescritos fármacos sedantes centrales, fármacos psicoactivos o antihipertensivos y que ya han tenido una primera caída son aquellos que presentan en mayor riesgo de caídas. La habitación es el lugar donde más se producen. La intervención del fisioterapeuta en los casos seleccionados por la comisión de caídas fue altamente eficaz. Introduction: Falls are a major health problem in elderly institutionalised patients, due to the associated high morbidity and mortality rates and the impact on future quality of life. Objective: To analyse the incidence and patient profile for falls, and to identify potential causes and effects. We also assess the efficacy of intervention in selected patients in preventing further falls. Methods: We performed a prospective study at a long-term care centre for 12 months. Data were collected via fall reports. The falls committee drafted a monthly data collection form. Results: A total of 155 falls were recorded in 80 patients, with 40% presenting more than one fall. Patients aged over 70 years accounted for 84.5% of falls; 42.7% of patients are able to walk independently; 74.8% of patients had been prescribed sedatives or psychoactive, or antihypertensive drugs; 55.5% of falls occurred in the bedroom; 27.7% of falls were due to loss of balance and 22.5% were due to patients performing an activity for which they did not have the capacity. Fractures occurred in 1.9% of patients. Conclusions: Patients aged over 70 years, walking independently, receiving sedatives or psychoactive or antihypertensive drugs, and with history of falls were at greatest risk. The majority of falls occurred in the bedroom. Physiotherapy interventions were highly effective in cases selected by the falls committee.

Aim To estimate the fiscal burden for taxpayers in Sweden associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) attributed to diabetes-related complications in patients failing to meet HbA1c targets. Material and Methods We developed a public economic framework to assess how changes in diabetes-related complications influenced projected tax contributions and government disability payments for people with T2D. The analysis applied accepted disease-modelling practices to estimate different rates of diabetes-related complications based on an HbA1c of 6.9% (52 mmol/mol) and of 6.0% (42 mmol/mol). We adjusted the employment activity rates for those experiencing T2D-related events, applying age-specific earnings to estimate lifetime tax losses. Furthermore, the likelihood of receiving payments for health-related employment inactivity was estimated. Direct healthcare costs are excluded from this analysis. Results The estimated per person earnings loss for immediate and delayed HbA1c control was Swedish krona (SEK) 42 299 and SEK 44 157, respectively, over 10 years. The lost employment activity of people with T2D translates to lost tax revenues of SEK 23 265 and SEK 24 287 for immediate and delayed control, respectively. The estimated difference in disability payments was SEK 538. Combining the tax revenue loss and excess disability payments defines the broader fiscal costs, where we observe combined fiscal losses that favour immediate and sustained control by SEK 1560 over 10 years. Conclusions We show that conducting fiscal analysis of diabetes interventions offers an enriched perspective capturing a range of costs that fall on government in relation to lost tax revenue and disability payments. Tax-financed health systems may benefit from broadening the consideration of costs and benefits when evaluating new interventions and treatment practices.

There has been a dearth of reports that examine the effect of immigration status on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. While intention to be vaccinated has been higher among adults in immigrant families than non-immigrant adults, uptake of the vaccine has been lower among immigrants and especially those who are undocumented. Concerns raised by immigrants usually centered on the lack of access to information, language barriers, conflicts between work and clinic hours, and fears over their precarious status in the U.S. To perform a rapid review, our time frame was December 2020 through August 2021. Our search strategy used the PUBMED and Google search engines with a prescribed set of definitions and search terms for two reasons: there were limited peer-reviewed studies during the early period of roll-out and real-time perspectives were crucially needed. Strategies used to promote equity include the use of trusted leaders as well as direct communication styles. Other strategies centered informational messaging from government agencies and the medical community, with a strong emphasis on coalescing broad engagement of the community and being responsive to language and cultural needs. In addition to communication and messaging to educate about COVID-19 vaccines, another important aspect of COVID-19 vaccine uptake was overcoming multiple obstacles that affect ease of access. This report suggests that vaccine uptake, and more generally pandemic response, in vulnerable communities may be better able to launch when they build on existing, trusted, culturally intelligent community-based organizations and local sociocultural processes. These organizations need continued support to contribute to population health equity in emerging health crises.

Different surgical and medical specialists increasingly use head and neck ultrasound and ultrasound-guided interventions as part of their clinical practice. We need to ensure high quality and standardized practice across specialties, and this position paper of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) describes the training requirements for head and neck ultrasound. Traditionally, a minimum number of ultrasound examinations indicates competence, but this is unreliable, and a general shift towards competence-based training is ongoing. For each EFSUMB level, we will outline the theoretical knowledge and skills needed for clinical practice. The recommendations follow the three EFSUMB competency levels for medical ultrasound practice. Level 1 describes the skills required to perform essential head and neck ultrasound examinations independently, level 2 includes ultrasound-guided interventions, while level 3 involves the practice of high-level neck ultrasound and use of advanced technologies. Our goal is to ensure high quality and standardized head and neck ultrasound practice performed by different clinical specialists with these recommendations.

The main objective of this work is to determine whether social networks can be used to improve self-management skills in people with Intellectual or Developmental Disability (IDD) given the high rate of acceptance of such tools among them. The proposed methodology applies an employment-based intervention to evaluate whether social network services help improve self-management skills. A fit-for-purpose social networking service is built, and different evaluation mechanisms are applied to determine the degree to which users with IDD could use the tool without assistance. The working hypothesis is that in order to ensure the usability of the implemented tool, users (with and without IDD) should be involved throughout the whole software development cycle, following a co-design methodological approach. Results demonstrate that this methodological approach leads to high satisfaction and motivation rates. In terms of effectiveness and efficiency, results demonstrate that the tool is useful and usable for people with IDD. It can therefore be concluded that social network services built having users with IDD at its center will help improve their self-management skills. The main implication of this research is that when using social network services as a tool to support interventions, special attention should be paid to previously evaluating the usability and motivation rate as a measure of how autonomously the person with IDD can use the tool. Nevertheless, further research is needed to determine the impact that such tools can have on other types of intervention., El objetivo principal de este trabajo es determinar si las redes sociales pueden ser utilizadas para mejorar las habilidades de autogestión en personas con Discapacidad Intelectual o del Desarrollo (DDI) dado el alto índice de aceptación de este tipo de herramientas entre ellas. La metodología propuesta aplica una intervención basada en el empleo para evaluar si los servicios de redes sociales ayudan a mejorar las habilidades de autogestión. Se crea un servicio de red social adecuado para el propósito y se aplican diferentes mecanismos de evaluación para determinar el grado en que los usuarios con DDI podrían usar la herramienta sin ayuda. La hipótesis de trabajo es que para asegurar la usabilidad de la herramienta implementada, los usuarios (con y sin DDI) deben estar involucrados durante todo el ciclo de desarrollo del software, siguiendo un enfoque metodológico de codiseño. Los resultados demuestran que este enfoque metodológico conduce a altos índices de satisfacción y motivación. En términos de efectividad y eficiencia, los resultados demuestran que la herramienta es útil y usable para personas con DID. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que los servicios de redes sociales construidos con usuarios con DDI en su centro ayudarán a mejorar sus habilidades de autogestión. La principal implicación de esta investigación es que a la hora de utilizar los servicios de redes sociales como herramienta de apoyo a las intervenciones, se debe prestar especial atención a evaluar previamente el índice de usabilidad y motivación como medida de la autonomía con la que la persona con DDI puede utilizar la herramienta. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para determinar el impacto que tales herramientas pueden tener en otros tipos de intervención. En términos de efectividad y eficiencia, los resultados demuestran que la herramienta es útil y usable para personas con DID. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que los servicios de redes sociales construidos con usuarios con DDI en su centro ayudarán a mejorar sus habilidades de autogestión. La principal implicación de esta investigación es que a la hora de utilizar los servicios de redes sociales como herramienta de apoyo a las intervenciones, se debe prestar especial atención a evaluar previamente el índice de usabilidad y motivación como medida de la autonomía con la que la persona con DDI puede utilizar la herramienta. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para determinar el impacto que tales herramientas pueden tener en otros tipos de intervención. En términos de efectividad y eficiencia, los resultados demuestran que la herramienta es útil y usable para personas con DID. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que los servicios de redes sociales construidos con usuarios con DDI en su centro ayudarán a mejorar sus habilidades de autogestión. La principal implicación de esta investigación es que a la hora de utilizar los servicios de redes sociales como herramienta de apoyo a las intervenciones, se debe prestar especial atención a evaluar previamente el índice de usabilidad y motivación como medida de la autonomía con la que la persona con DDI puede utilizar la herramienta. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para determinar el impacto que tales herramientas pueden tener en otros tipos de intervención. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que los servicios de redes sociales construidos con usuarios con DDI en su centro ayudarán a mejorar sus habilidades de autogestión. La principal implicación de esta investigación es que a la hora de utilizar los servicios de redes sociales como herramienta de apoyo a las intervenciones, se debe prestar especial atención a evaluar previamente el índice de usabilidad y motivación como medida de la autonomía con la que la persona con DDI puede utilizar la herramienta. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para determinar el impacto que tales herramientas pueden tener en otros tipos de intervención. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que los servicios de redes sociales construidos con usuarios con DDI en su centro ayudarán a mejorar sus habilidades de autogestión. La principal implicación de esta investigación es que a la hora de utilizar los servicios de redes sociales como herramienta de apoyo a las intervenciones, se debe prestar especial atención a evaluar previamente el índice de usabilidad y motivación como medida de la autonomía con la que la persona con DDI puede utilizar la herramienta. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para determinar el impacto que tales herramientas pueden tener en otros tipos de intervención. se debe prestar especial atención a evaluar previamente el índice de usabilidad y motivación como medida de la autonomía con la que la persona con DDI puede utilizar la herramienta. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para determinar el impacto que tales herramientas pueden tener en otros tipos de intervención. se debe prestar especial atención a evaluar previamente el índice de usabilidad y motivación como medida de la autonomía con la que la persona con DDI puede utilizar la herramienta. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para determinar el impacto que tales herramientas pueden tener en otros tipos de intervención.

Many students have low reading motivation. Based on (reading) motivation theories, several mechanisms are distinguished that can foster reading motivation. Our goal in this meta-analysis was to examine the effects of theory-driven reading motivation interventions in school on students’ reading motivation and reading comprehension as well as to test which mechanisms are particularly effective in fostering motivation and comprehension. We conducted a literature search in ten online databases and identified 39 relevant effect studies. Positive effects on affirming motivations (d = 0.38), extrinsic motivations (d = 0.42), combined motivations (d = 0.17), and reading comprehension (d = 0.27) were found. The effect on undermining motivations (d = −0.01) was not significant. In particular, interventions that aimed to trigger interest had positive effects on affirming motivations and reading comprehension. Furthermore, effects on affirming motivations were larger if the total duration of the intervention was longer and if the share of boys in the sample was higher. Interventions delivered by researchers had larger effects on reading comprehension than interventions delivered by teachers. Finally, effects on reading comprehension were larger for primary schoolers than for secondary schoolers and larger for typical readers than for struggling readers. Implications for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers are discussed.

Seminar met ondernemers in de bouw en infrastructuur over verandermanagement in relatie tot digitalisering. Met name aandacht gegeven aan de vaak onderschatte complexiteit van deze veranderopgave en hoe deze kan worden gediagnosticeerd en vertaald in een veranderstrategie.

As a result of a decade of partnership between the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) and the Child Mind Institute (CMI), the Children and Adolescent Mental Health Initiative (CAMHI) has been established to help enhance child and adolescent mental health care capacity and strengthen the infrastructure for prevention, assessment, and treatment of mental health struggles faced by children and adolescents in Greece. Under the SNF’s Health Initiative and the associated public-private partnership in place between SNF and the Greek State, the Child Mental Health Initiative (CAMHI) envisions to expand access to mental health care and offer ground-up resources in ways that can reinforce the critical work done by mental health and child protection providers across the country. Aimed (a) to raise mental health literacy and awareness; b) to increase access to evidence-based mental health care; (c) to build out technological capacity, and (d) to establish a country-wide Referral Network for children and adolescent mental health care, the CAMHI builds on a solid open science-based framework aspiring to leverage scientific knowledge production about children and adolescent mental health and mental health care in Greece. To approach that, the initiative has been following three research approaches (checkout the Home wiki for more).

Entrepreneurship is the capacity for people to identify the kinds of goods and services that are required and should be provided to the appropriate audience at the appropriate time and at the appropriate cost. The research aimed to determine the personal mastery level of prerequisite skills in the business enterprise simulation of Grade 12 Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) students. A descriptive-survey research design engaging in a descriptive approach was utilized in this study with 110 students responding using Slovin’s formula. This study utilizes a weighted mean in analyzing the responses gathered. Based on the findings the student’s categorized their personal mastery level in terms of research skills, strategic skills, marketing skills, operating skills, and financial skills that as least mastered which clearly implies that the competencies in prerequisite skills in business enterprise simulation are learned but limited due to unavailability of hands-on experiences and different learning modalities. The researchers concluded that developing viable teaching strategies and interventions must be given corresponding attention to enable the student and equipped them in managing their personal future businesses.

Preconception care is a set of interventions that are to be provided before pregnancy to promote safe motherhood and positive pregnancy experience and perinatal outcomes. It is also recognised as a window of opportunity to promote favourable and long-term maternal and child outcomes, and timely alter or eliminate risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Currently, guidelines and policies on preconception care are scarce, and health care starts when a woman becomes pregnant and continues until childbirth and the postpartum period. In instances, when the guidelines are available, implementation also varies particularly for adolescent and young mother. Research gaps exist in the continuum of care, i.e., maternal self-efficacy, nutrition security, mental health, and access to care for adolescent girls and women who are not pregnant. Adolescence and youth are a natural extension of the pre-pregnancy phase of the life-course continuum. In addition to the initiation of sexual behaviour, it is recognized that several health-risk behaviours related to non-communicable diseases, substance use, injuries, etc., are also initiated during this phase which may have lifelong implications. Therefore, pre-conception period offers an excellent opportunity to identify several health-risks and prevent adverse outcomes through designing preventive health interventions and strategies that promote maternal and child health.

In this project, children aged 4-18 years suffering from cancer and one parent answer questions concerning their illness perceptions and child's health-related quality of life. The study takes place during acute treatment and is a longitudinal study with two time points one year apart. An innovative methodological approach to measure illness perceptions is crucial for this project: Children aged 4 to 11 years are interviewed in a structured puppet interview instead of answering the Illness Perception Questionnaire - Revised (IPQ-R). In this way important diagnostic information is received in addition to parental information. Health-related quality of life is assessed using the KINDL-R (self-report: versions for young children aged 4-6, and older children 7-18; other-report: version for parents). This project is currently conducted in the acute wards in Dresden, Leipzig, and Vienna, as well as the parents‘ associations in Dresden and Leipzig. This study ist preregistered at the Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS 00022034).

Objective To systematically review existing research exploring the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing symptoms of distress amongst refugee and asylum-seeker children. Method Six databases were searched to identify English studies presenting original empirical quantitative data (published before September 2022) testing the efficacy of psychological interventions for children from refugee and asylum-seeking backgrounds. Quality of studies were assessed through the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies as well as the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Relevant data were extracted to facilitate a narrative synthesis. Results Seventy-one eligible articles were identified (n > 10,000). A number of cognitive-behavioral, psychosocial, and trauma-focused interventions that catered specifically to children and their families were identified. A synthesis of these results suggest that interventions may assist in the reduction of various psychopathologies, although the effects were mixed across intervention types. Conclusions While the review yielded promising findings, most findings were derived from small pilot and empirical studies, leading to difficulties with drawing conclusions. There remains a need for studies using more rigorous research methodologies to expand and ratify this valuable knowledge base. Clinical significance: Forced displacement is at an all-time high. Many children are being forced to seek asylum and refuge, and they become vulnerable to the development of poor mental health, with limited understanding surrounding how to appropriately intervene. This review aims to equip clinicians with increased knowledge and confidence in working therapeutically alongside clients from refugee or asylum-seeking background, with the goal of fostering positive mental health and wellbeing.

Mental Health is essential for the full functioning of individuals and its promotion often encompasses Positive Mental Health (PMH), which relates to a set of positive psychosocial characteristics which allow an individual to function optimally (Monte, Fonte, & Alves, 2015). There is consensus that the promotion of mental well-being can generate benefits in people with mental health problems, such as schizophrenia (Conselho Nacional de Saúde, 2019). Taking the aforementioned fact into consideration, it seems relevant to map positive mental health promotion programs / interventions in people with schizophrenia, which is the objective of this scoping review.

This is a systematic review examining research evaluating the development, feasibility, or efficacy of interventions for internalized stigma in populations who experience psychosis.

Veselības psiholoģija Psiholoģija Health Psychology Psychology Maģistra darba mērķis bija izstrādāt sistemātisko pārskatu par perfekcionisma intervencēm. Tika izvirzīti četri pētījuma jautājumi: 1. Kāda ir pētījumu metodoloģiskā kvalitāte? 2. Kādām indivīdu grupām tiek izmantotas perfekcionisma intervences? 3. Kādas intervences ir izmantotas darbam ar perfekcionismu, par ko ir veikti pētījumi laika posmā no 2013.gada līdz 2023.gadam? 4. Kāda ir perfekcionisma intervenču efektivitāte? Pētījumi tika meklēti un atlasīti piecās tiešsaistes datubāzēs: MEDLINE via PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest platformā (visās datubāzēs), Sage journals. Pētījumu metodoloģiskās kvalitātes izvērtējums tika veikts divpadsmit eksperimentāla dizaina pētījumiem, izmantojot Randomizētu kontrolētu Psihoterapijas pētījumu kvalitātes novērtēšanas rīku. Lai atbildētu uz izvirzītajiem pētījuma jautājumiem, sistemātiskajā pārskatā tika iekļauti perfekcionisma pētījumi Frosta multidimensiālā perfekcionisma teorijas modeļa ietvarā. Pētījuma rezultāti uzrādīja, ka visiem divpadsmit pētījumiem, kuriem tika izvērtēta metodoloģiskā kvalitāte, tā bija vidēja. Turpretī, lai izvērtētu saistības starp pētāmajiem konstruktiem, tika izmantota naratīvā analīze stāstījuma veidā un naratīvā sintēze. Rezultāti rāda, ka ir pētījumi, kuros perfekcionisma intervences ir ar lielu efektu, kā arī ir pētījumu rezultāti, kas norāda, ka efekta nav. Apskatītos un analizētos pētījumu rezultātus varētu pielietot, lai turpinātu veikt intervenču izvērtēšanas procesu, kas varētu kļūt par pamatu perfekcionisma intervences izveidei Latvijas kultūrvidē. The master's paper was designed to produce a systematic overview of perfectionism interventions. Four study questions were raised: 1. What is the methodological quality of the studies? 2. What groups of individuals are using perfectionist interventions? 3. What interventions have been used to deal with perfectionism, which has been the subject of research between 2013 and 2023? 4. What is the effectiveness of perfectionist interventions? The research was sought and selected in five online databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Science direct, SCOPUS, ProQuest Platform (all databases), Sage Journals. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies was carried out in twelve experimental design studies using a Randomized controlled Psychotherapy Research quality assessment Tool. To answer the questions raised in the study, the systematic review included studies of perfectionism, within the framework of Frost's model of multidimensional perfectionism theory. The results of the study showed that for all twelve studies evaluated for methodological quality, it was moderate. By contrast, narrative analysis and narrative synthesis were used to assess the relationship between the studied constructs. The results show that there are studies in which perfectionist interventions have a large effect, as well as research results that indicate there is no effect. The results of the studies examined and analysed could be used to continue the process of evaluation of interventions, which could form the basis for the creation of a perfectionist intervention in the cultural environment of Latvia.

This project is forming the basis of the lead authors PhD. Interviews will be conducted with women within 5 years of Gestational Diabetes and relevant stakeholders across the care pathways as identified by a PPI group.

The socio-ecological model is often used as a foundation for bullying prevention and intervention measures; parents and teachers both play an invaluable role in addressing bullying. Effective prevention and intervention tools should be collaborative between these two groups, but a comprehensive review of the nature and effectiveness of these has not yet been conducted. The following project relates to a systematic review exploring nature and effectiveness of parent-teacher collaborations in preventing and tackling bullying and cyberbullying. The core research questions include: 1. What research exists looking at the strategies that are used for parent-teacher collaborations in addressing bullying? 2. What forms of collaborations exist? 3. What are the challenges and conditions for successful collaborations?

The number of interventions targeting fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) has been increasing. However, a recent systematic review indicated that these interventions have only a small statistically significant impact on FCR. Furthermore, the review highlighted that a considerable proportion of intervention studies did not consider FCR as a primary outcome measure. Therefore, future research should focus on developing evidence-based interventions for FCR based on theoretical models, aiming to improve patients' quality of life. This scoping review systematically searched the literature to identify interventions specifically targeting FCR that were based on evidence or theoretical models, providing insights for future intervention research.

Introduction Mental Health Nurses (MHNs) are at increased risk of experiencing psychological distress due to the nature of dynamic working environments and patient presentations resulting in cumulative experiences of various traumas. This psychological distress can result in negative outcomes affecting both the personal and professional lives of nurses through burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma. It also impacts organizations through recruitment and retention issues, as well as having adverse effects on patient experiences and outcomes. Aims & Objectives To establish what is known in regard to how nurses in mental health settings experience gaining access to workplace psychological supports in current available literature. Methods A scoping review will be conducted using the PRISMA-ScR tool to determine the breadth of literature available regarding nurses’ experiences of accessing psychological support. A search strategy will aid in locating both published and unpublished material. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method designs will be included. Searches of four healthcare orientated databases and manual searches of relevant journals will be conducted. A PRISMA Flowchart will be included to display data screening process and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data extraction forms will be piloted prior to full review, updated accordingly and then used to chart data. Data will be synthesized through a descriptive summary supported by a visual display of charted date in table form. Outcomes To map key concepts in regard to perceived and actual barriers and facilitators to accessing psychological supports for mental health nurses and to determine areas for further enquiry.

Registration for the network meta-analysis: Comparison of various psychotherapeutic treatments for anorexia nervosa in children and adolescents: Study protocol for a network meta-analysis An update of Zeeck et al. (2018)

Physical manipulatives (PMs) are concrete objects used during hands‐on learning activities (e.g., building blocks, fraction tiles, counters), and are widely used in primary‐school teaching, especially during maths instruction. This scoping review collated studies that have examined the effectiveness of educational PM interventions with pre‐primary and primary‐age children. A total of 102 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesised in the review. Most studies included a sample of children aged 4–6 years and were conducted in a school setting. They spanned 26 different countries, but almost all took place in high‐ or middle‐income contexts, mainly in the USA. Interventions were grouped into three main learning domains: maths, literacy and science. Considerable heterogeneity was identified across the review studies in terms of the PMs and hands‐on activities used (e.g., block building, shape sorting, paper folding, enactment with figurines). Evidence relating to effectiveness of the intervention programmes was synthesised, with the most promising findings identified in the maths domain. Benefits to children's spatial, literacy and science skills were also reported. Overall, however, the evidence was mixed: other studies found that PMs were not associated with learning benefits, and many were hindered by methodological shortcomings. This calls for caution when drawing conclusions about the overall effectiveness of PM interventions. Nevertheless, the findings illustrate the many ways hands‐on PM activities can be incorporated into children's early learning experiences. Recommendations for further research and for using PMs in practice are made. Context and implications: Rationale for this study: Physical manipulatives (PMs) are used during hands‐on learning activities and promote children's active involvement in learning. The review sought to map a broad range of interventions using PMs. Why the new findings matter: Findings reveal gaps in the research and highlight the many facets to consider when developing and testing educational interventions using PMs. Implications for practitioners: Recommendations for using PMs in practice: (a) choose materials and activities that are age‐appropriate and focused on the learning goal; (b) consider the type and amount of instructional guidance needed (adjusted based on learning content and children's needs); and (c) consider the level of physical interaction afforded by PMs and activities and its importance for the learning goal.

Infrastructure for active travel (AT) is receiving attention as a low-cost, sustainable transport option that promotes physical activity. However, the planning and implementation of new AT infrastructure often brings challenges. This review synthesises stakeholders’ views and experiences of developing guidance for, designing, commissioning and implementing environmental interventions to promote AT. Eight databases were searched for studies containing qualitative data from stakeholders with direct experience. Results were synthesised thematically. The risk of bias was assessed using the CASP checklist for qualitative research, and evidence quality using the GRADE-CERQual tool. A total of 21,703 articles were identified from database searches, with 35 studies included. Eighteen studies focused on infrastructure promoting walking and cycling, fourteen on cycling and three on walking. Fifteen studies were judged to have no/very minor concerns, 12 had minor concerns, four had moderate concerns and four were of serious concern. A variety of stakeholders were influential, most commonly supportive elected leaders and individuals in public and voluntary sectors. Inter-disciplinary collaboration facilitated sharing of expertise and resources, and upskilling was beneficial. Effective communication methods varied between stakeholders and reason for communication. Persuasive strategies included aligning with stakeholders priorities and making the best use of evidence. Opportune moments to implement AT infrastructure were alongside non-AT projects and exogenous events. Compliance with AT policies could increase by embedding in higher level legislation. Political support was important and fostered through not de-prioritising cars and gaining external funding. The GRADE-CERQual found high confidence in our findings, apart from the sub-themes “Methods of communication” and “Political will” that had moderate confidence. Our findings can assist stakeholders in successfully navigating the process from conception to implementation of AT infrastructure and inform future policy and decision-making.

In this registration, we describe a planned study investigating the effects of switching between modalities within a microtask crowdsourcing workflow. This preregistration contains the planned study's research questions, hypotheses, methods, materials, procedures, and statistical analyses.

Mental disorders are a global health problem. In 2019, 1 in every 8 people, or 970 million people around the world were living with a mental disorder (The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2023). Several treatments are available for mental disorders, with pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy as first line treatments. However, effect sizes of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies for mental disorders are limited (Leichsenring et al. 2022). Preventing the onset of mental disorders and promoting mental health could be an additional method to reduce the disease burden. Over the past 20 years, mental health care has experienced a major technological revolution in that interventions are increasingly delivered via the Internet (Andersson et al. 2019). The digital delivery of mental health interventions has two remarkable advantages. First, digital interventions are highly scalable, as they can help many people at once. Second, digital interventions, compared to face-to-face contact, can be more resilient in the face of crises due to their independence from human contact. For example, participation at prevention courses offered by the public health care in Germany decreased by 44% between 2019 and 2021, which is attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic (Schempp & Römer, 2022). The body of primary intervention-studies on the effectiveness of digital mental health interventions is large, as well as the number of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) that synthesize the evidence of the interventions' effects. Meta-analytic evidence shows the effectiveness of digital interventions for the prevention of depression (e.g., Reins et al. 2021, Sander et al. 2016, Deady et al. 2017), anxiety (e.g., Spijkerman et al., 2016), and suicide (e.g., Büscher et al., 2020), for the reduction of perceived stress levels (e.g, Heber et al. 2017), sleep problems (e.g., Soh et al., 2020), and alcohol consumption (e.g., Riper et al., 2018), as well as for the promotion of well-being (e.g., Ferrari et al., 2022) and resilience (e.g., Ang et al., 2022). Umbrella reviews, or, in other words, overviews of reviews, allow for a bird's eye view on a subtantial body of evidence and its quality (Ioannidis et al., 2017), typically for both beneficial and adverse outcomes (Aromataris et al., 2015). To our knowledge, no umbrella review has evaluated the effectiveness of different types of digital mental health interventions to prevent mental disorders and to promote mental health. The objective of this umbrella review and meta-analysis is to close this research gap by encompassing both an umbrella review (of systematic reviews and meta-analyses) and a meta-analysis (of individual studies) including various mental health conditions and intervention types (e.g., psychological, physical activity, web-based, app-based). Ang, W. H. D., Chew, H. S. J., Dong, J., Yi, H., Mahendren, R., & Lau, Y. (2022). Digital training for building resilience: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Stress and Health, 38(5), 848–869. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3154 Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Titov, N., & Lindefors, N. (2019). Internet Interventions for Adults with Anxiety and Mood Disorders: A Narrative Umbrella Review of Recent Meta-Analyses. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(7), 465–470. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719839381 Aromataris, E., Fernandez, R., Godfrey, C. M., Holly, C., Khalil, H., & Tungpunkom, P. (2015). Summarizing systematic reviews: Methodological development, conduct and reporting of an umbrella review approach. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 13(3), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000055 Büscher, R., Torok, M., Terhorst, Y., & Sander, L. (2020). Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Reduce Suicidal Ideation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open, 3(4), e203933. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3933 Deady, M., Choi, I., Calvo, R. A., Glozier, N., Christensen, H., & Harvey, S. B. (2017). eHealth interventions for the prevention of depression and anxiety in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 310. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1473-1 Ferrari, M., Allan, S., Arnold, C., Eleftheriadis, D., Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Gumley, A., & Gleeson, J. F. (2022). Digital Interventions for Psychological Well-being in University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 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