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The objective was to carry out the microbiological quality of water project as a subsidy for health education activities in municipal schools in São João do Caru, state of Maranhão. For this, the project was carried out with the application of semi-structured questionnaires to 136 students and seven managers, educational lectures on the importance of water quality and microbiological analysis of 47 water samples from 11 schools. The results obtained with the questionnaires applied to managers and students showed little or no knowledge about water quality and that minimum care is used with this resource in the school environment. Afterwards, lectures were held on the themes “micro-organisms”, “importance of water as a carrier of pathogenic agents” and “meaning of the water potability standard” in force in Brazil, in which there was effective participation of students and administrators. Of the water samples collected, 76.59% (n=36) were in disagreement with the Brazilian potability standard for the Escherichia coli parameter, and reports were formally passed on to managers and measures were suggested to minimize the problem encountered. It is concluded that the teaching strategy is suitable as an educational subsidy for providing moments of interaction, concentration and socialization and, to work on the cross-sectional health theme, in the perspective required by the National Curriculum Parameters.

Label-free chemical and structural imaging of complex living tissue and biological systems is the holy grail of biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. The current analysis techniques are time-consuming and/or require extensive sample preparation, often due to the presence of interfering molecules such as water, making them unsuitable for the analysis of such systems. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle study using label-free optical photothermal mid-infrared microspectroscopy (O-PTIR) for fast, direct spatiotemporal chemical analysis of complex living biological systems at submicron resolution. While other analytical methods can provide only static snapshots of molecular structures, our O-PTIR approach enables time-resolved and in situ investigation of chemical and structural changes of diverse biomolecules in their native conditions. This comprises a technological breakthrough in infrared spectroscopy to analyze biomolecules under native conditions over time: in fresh unprocessed biopsies, living brain tissue, and vertebrates without compromising their viability.One-Sentence SummaryProof-of-principle application of non-destructive O-PTIR for high-resolution spatiotemporal chemical and structural analysis of unprocessed biopsies, living brain tissue, and vertebrates.

A Educação Ambiental embora seja uma área relativamente jovem, tem e teve sua trajetória marcada por movimentos de grandes avanços e grandes retrocessos ou perdas no que se refere às políticas e discussão nos espaços educacionais. Da década de 60 até os dias atuais o campo dos estudos ambientais tem avançado em muitos aspectos e lutado contra a degradação ambiental, por melhoria na qualidade de vida, assim como busca em algumas correntes retomada de consciência de que o ser humano faz parte do mundo natural. Para Dias (2003) e Loureiro (2004) a Educação Ambiental é profundamente influenciada pelos princípios freirianos e marxistas de ‘dialogicidade’ e ‘dialeticidade’, efervescente o debate a partir da contradição, e promovendo a criticidade do indivíduo para que ele torne-se um ator ativo de transformações sociais. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar alguns trabalhos sobre a Educação Ambiental desenvolvida em praças públicas, atentando-se para as correntes e perspectivas presentes nos mesmos. É de fundamental importância que a Educação Ambiental faça relação entre o contexto social, econômico, político e histórico numa perspectiva crítica, a fim de melhorarmos a nossa formação enquanto cidadãos. Nessa perspectiva penso que a praça pública como um elemento do cotidiano da maioria das pessoas possa ser um ambiente que propicia mecanismos para que possamos refletir sobre as temáticas emergentes na sociedade, entre elas a temática socioambiental. Este é um trabalho de abordagem qualitativa e que tem como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica por entender que essa pode oferecer subsídios para entender quais correntes ou perspectivas são trabalhadas nessas produções que discutem a Educação Ambiental nas praças públicas.

BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the leading transitional cell carcinoma affecting men and women with high morbidity and mortality rates, justifying the need to develop new molecular target therapies using microRNAs. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the T24 cell line after transfection with miR-Let-7c precursor mimic through invasion, migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays. METHODS AND RESULTS: T24 cell was transfected with the Let-7c mimic and its respective control and evaluated after 24 h. The expression levels of miR-Let-7c were analyzed by qPCR. We performed wound healing, Matrigel and flow cytometry, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays to determine its effect on cellular processes. Cells transfected with miR-Let-7c showed increased apoptosis rates (p = 0.019), decreased migration 24 h (p = 0.031) and 48 h (p = 0.0006), invasion potential (p = 0.0007), and cell proliferation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that miR-Let-7c can act in different pathways of the carcinogenic cellular processes of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma cells, inhibiting cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis levels, consequently limiting their invasion potential. However, further studies should be carried out better to elucidate this microRNA's role in high-grade urothelial carcinomas and unveil which targets this microRNA may present, which are intrinsically related to the cancer survival pathways.

Purpose BCG is the standard of care to treat high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), reducing recurrence. PD-L1 is a ligand of the co-inhibitory receptor PD1 that has been shown to be expressed by tumor cells of distinct origin related to unfavorable prognosis. The development of a new class of target drugs that inhibit PD-L1 and PD1 has opened a new perspective for urothelial cancer treatment. Although there are few studies searching for the role of BCG over PD1 and PD-L1, many clinical trials are in course using the immune checkpoint inhibitors together with BCG as a new regime to treat NMIBC. Material and methods We analyzed the expression of PD1 and PD-L1 using qRT-PCR in RT4 bladder cancer (BCa) epithelial cells co-cultivated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after treatment with BCG. Results There was a significantly reduction in PD1 and PD-L1 expression by BCa epithelial cells after BCG treatment. In PBMC PD1 was significantly overexpressed. Conclusion Our results suggest that one of the mechanisms related to the success of BCG in reducing tumor recurrence in NMIBC may be related to the negative control of PD1 and PD-L1 in tumor cells.

O crescimento nas taxas de produção de resíduos sólidos é algo preocupante, ainda mais se associado à falta de consciência ambiental da sociedade. No Município de Jequié, Estado da Bahia, Brasil, tem ocorrido ações de comunidades que residem nas proximidades de praças públicas, visando a reaproveitar resíduos sólidos para organização e conservação desses espaços. Este estudo objetivou conhecer a percepção ambiental da comunidade em torno de uma praça pública que foi revitalizada utilizando resíduos sólidos. A área de estudo foi ao redor da Praça da Amizade, localizada no Bairro Jequiezinho, em Jequié. A metodologia abarcou levantamento e análise de literatura especializada sobre o tema, observação in loco, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. Os resultados evidenciaram que a percepção ambiental da comunidade é heterogênea, podendo ser associada aos paradigmas ambientais do antropocentrismo, ecocentrismo e, sobretudo, sustentabilidade-centrismo. Essa experiência de reaproveitamento dos resíduos sólidos demonstrou densidade, mobilização, participação social e continuidade ao longo do tempo. Os moradores em torno da praça apresentaram maior conhecimento da ação e sentido de pertencimento, se comparado aos moradores situados nas adjacências. A ação de revitalização foi unilateral pela comunidade, o que sugere ausência de governança ambiental. Neste ponto, suscitam-se investigações científicas que contemplem essa questão. Deste modo, a experiência de reaproveitar os resíduos sólidos por essa comunidade foi uma ação relacionada com a percepção ambiental e capaz de envolver os moradores no cuidado com o espaço público.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of death in the intensive care unit, with mortality rates of ~30–40%. To reduce invasive diagnostics such as bronchoalveolar lavage and time-consuming in-hospital transports for imaging diagnostics, we hypothesized that particle flow rate (PFR) pattern from the airways could be an early detection method and contribute to improving diagnostics and optimizing personalized therapies. Porcine models were ventilated mechanically. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered endotracheally and in the pulmonary artery to induce ARDS. PFR was measured using a customized particles in exhaled air (PExA 2.0) device. In contrast to control animals undergoing mechanical ventilation and receiving saline administration, animals who received LPS developed ARDS according to clinical guidelines and histologic assessment. Plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly compared with baseline after 120 and 180 min, respectively. On the other hand, the PFR significantly increased and peaked 60 min after LPS administration, i.e., ~30 min before any ARDS stage was observed with other well-established outcome measurements such as hypoxemia, increased inspiratory pressure, and lower tidal volumes or plasma cytokine levels. The present results imply that PFR could be used to detect early biomarkers or as a clinical indicator for the onset of ARDS.

Esta pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo e explicativo. O objetivo principal é compreender o impacto que a agressividade verbal dos pais provoca no comportamento infantil. Utilizaram-se livros, artigos, dissertações e revistas nas bases de dados Scielo, Google Acadêmico, Lilacs e Pepsic, com pesquisa por meio de títulos e resumos. Como problema de pesquisa buscou-se elucidar a possibilidade de os filhos repetirem, posteriormente, a agressão verbal recebida por meio dos pais desde a mais tenra infância. A temática da agressividade foi abordada como um comportamento que atinge o outro, causando-lhe dano físico e comportamental, motivada por razões que podem ser variadas, entre elas, a garantia da sobrevivência e preservação da espécie. A pesquisa mostrou que o comportamento de agressividade verbal pode ser aprendido pelas crianças no ambiente familiar em que está inserida, quando exposta a modelos agressivos, evidenciando a possibilidade de emitir o mesmo comportamento na vida adulta. Destaca-se que a agressividade verbal emitida pelos pais à criança pode provocar consequências no comportamento como: fuga, esquiva, medo, ansiedade e baixa autoestima.

Cannabis sativa or marijuana is the most commonly used drug during pregnancy. Pregnancy is a period in which considerable physiological changes occur in the mother, and consequently, the fetus can be directly affected. Marijuana contains a range of medicinal or psychoactive components, the cannabinoids. The best known cannabinoid is tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), a psychoactive drug capable of crossing the placental barrier and reaching the developing fetus. Chronic use of C. sativa in pregnancy may result in decreased uteroplacental perfusion, intrauterine growth restriction and behavioral disorders. Cannabinoids may cause some disorders in reproductive organs in users, which can harm the fetus. In one study, 4,000 pregnant women who used marijuana showed an increase in the incidence of pregnancy loss and low weight and small size for gestational age. In addition to low birth weight, the drug increases the risk of complications during childbirth and late cognitive development in infants. Many controversies revolve around the topic of C. sativa and its effects on human health, making it necessary to include the discussion of public policies on the release of the drug taking into account scientific evidence. Cannabis sativa, ou maconha, é a droga de abuso mais utilizada durante a gravidez. A gravidez é um período em que ocorrem mudanças fisiológicas consideráveis na mãe e, como resultado dessas mudanças, o feto pode ser diretamente afetado. A droga apresenta em sua composição uma gama de compostos químicos considerados medicinais ou psicoativos, os canabinoides. Um dos mais conhecidos é o tetrahidrocanabinol (Δ9-THC), componente psicoativo capaz de atravessar a barreira placentária, atingindo o feto em desenvolvimento. O uso crônico de C. sativa na gravidez pode resultar em diminuição da perfusão uteroplacentária, restrição do crescimento intra-uterino (RCIU) e distúrbios comportamentais nos fetos. Os canabinoides podem causar alguns distúrbios nos órgãos reprodutores dos usuários até atingir o feto. Em um estudo, 4.000 gestantes usuárias da droga apresentaram aumento na incidência de perdas gestacionais, conceptos com baixo peso e pequenos para a idade gestacional. Além do baixo peso nos neonatos, a droga aumenta o risco de complicações durante o parto e um desenvolvimento cognitivo tardio nos lactentes. Muitas controvérsias giram em torno do tema C. sativa e seus efeitos sobre a saúde, sendo necessário abranger a discussão de políticas públicas sobre a liberação do uso de drogas ilícitas levando em consideração evidências científicas.

Bladder cancer is the leading transitional cell carcinoma affecting men and women with high morbidity and mortality rates, justifying the need to develop new molecular target therapies using microRNAs. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the T24 cell line after transfection with miR-Let-7c precursor mimic through invasion, migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays. METHODS AND RESULTS: T24 cell was transfected with the Let-7c mimic and its respective control and evaluated after 24 h. The expression levels of miR-Let-7c were analyzed by qPCR. We performed wound healing, Matrigel and flow cytometry, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays to determine its effect on cellular processes. Cells transfected with miR-Let-7c showed increased apoptosis rates (p = 0.019), decreased migration 24 h (p = 0.031) and 48 h (p = 0.0006), invasion potential (p = 0.0007), and cell proliferation (p = 0.002).Our results demonstrate that miR-Let-7c can act in different pathways of the carcinogenic cellular processes of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma cells, inhibiting cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis levels, consequently limiting their invasion potential. However, further studies should be carried out better to elucidate this microRNA's role in high-grade urothelial carcinomas and unveil which targets this microRNA may present, which are intrinsically related to the cancer survival pathways.

In severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life‐prolonging treatment, especially among COVID‐19 patients. Evaluation of lung injury progression is challenging with current techniques. Diagnostic imaging or invasive diagnostics are risky given the difficulties of intra‐hospital transportation, contraindication of biopsies, and the potential for the spread of infections, such as in COVID‐19 patients. We have recently shown that particle flow rate (PFR) from exhaled breath could be a noninvasive, early detection method for ARDS during mechanical ventilation. We hypothesized that PFR could also measure the progress of lung injury during ECMO treatment. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was thus used to induce ARDS in pigs under mechanical ventilation. Eight were connected to ECMO, whereas seven animals were not. In addition, six animals received sham treatment with saline. Four human patients with ECMO and ARDS were also monitored. In the pigs, as lung injury ensued, the PFR dramatically increased and a particular spike followed the establishment of ECMO in the LPS‐treated animals. PFR remained elevated in all animals with no signs of lung recovery. In the human patients, in the two that recovered, PFR decreased. In the two whose lung function deteriorated while on ECMO, there was increased PFR with no sign of recovery in lung function. The present results indicate that real‐time monitoring of PFR may be a new, complementary approach in the clinic for measurement of the extent of lung injury and recovery over time in ECMO patients with ARDS., Particle flow rate (PFR) used in conjunction with mechanical ventilation can be used to monitor lung injury during ECMO treatment in animals with LPS induced ARDS and in humans with COVID‐19 induced ARDS. The present results indicate that real‐time monitoring of PFR may be a new, complementary approach in the clinic for measurement of the extent of lung injury and recovery over time in ECMO patients with ARDS.

Despite improvements, lung transplantation (LTx) remains hampered by both a scarcity of donor organs and by mortality following primary graft dysfunction (PGD). Since acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) limits donor lungs utilization, we investigated cytokine filtration as a means of restoring ARDS donor lungs. We induced mild to moderate ARDS using lipopolysaccharide in 12 donor pigs. Lungs were then treated with or without cytokine filtration during ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) and post-transplantation using extracorporeal hemoperfusion. The treatment significantly decreased cytokine levels during EVLP and decreased levels of immune cells post-transplantation. Histology demonstrated fewer signs of lung injury across both treatment periods and the incidence of PGD was significantly reduced among treated animals. Overall, cytokine filtration was able to restore lung function and reduce PGD in lung transplantation. We suggest this treatment will increase the availability of donor lungs and increase the tolerability of donor lungs in the recipient.

Snakebites are considered a major public health problem worldwide. In the Amazon region of Brazil, the snake Bothrops atrox (B. atrox) is responsible for 90% of the bites. These bites may cause local and systemic signs from acute inflammatory reaction and hemostatic changes, and present common hemorrhagic disorders. These alterations occur due the action of hemostatically active and immunogenic toxins which are capable of triggering a wide range of hemostatic and inflammatory events. However, the crosstalk between coagulation disorders and inflammatory reaction still has gaps in snakebites. Thus, the goal of this study was to describe the relationship between the consumption of fibrinogen and the profile of inflammatory molecules (chemokines and cytokines) in evenomations by B. atrox snakebites. A prospective study was carried out with individuals who had suffered B. atrox snakebites and presented different levels of fibrinogen consumption (normal fibrinogen [NF] and hypofibrinogenemia [HF]). Seventeen patients with NF and 55 patients with HF were eligible for the study, in addition to 50 healthy controls (CG). The molecules CXCL-8, CCL-5, CXCL-9, CCL-2, CXCL-10, IL-6, TNF, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A were quantified in plasma using the CBA technique at three different times (pre-antivenom therapy [T0], 24 h [T1], and 48 h [T2] after antivenom therapy). The profile of the circulating inflammatory response is different between the groups studied, with HF patients having higher concentrations of CCL-5 and lower IFN-γ. In addition, antivenom therapy seems to have a positive effect, leading to a profile of circulating inflammatory response similar in quantification of T1 and T2 on both groups. Furthermore, these results suggest that a number of interactions of CXCL-8, CXCL-9, CCL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in HF patients are directly affected by fibrinogen levels, which may be related to the inflammatory response and coagulation mutual relationship induced by B. atrox venom. The present study is the first report on inflammation-coagulation crosstalk involving snakebite patients and supports the better understanding of envenomation's pathophysiology mechanisms and guides in the search for novel biomarkers and prospective therapies.

Recent advances in 3D bioprinting allow for generating intricate structures with dimensions relevant for human tissue, but suitable bioinks for producing translationally relevant tissue with complex geometries remain unidentified. Here, a tissue-specific hybrid bioink is described, composed of a natural polymer, alginate, reinforced with extracellular matrix derived from decellularized tissue (rECM). rECM has rheological and gelation properties beneficial for 3D bioprinting while retaining biologically inductive properties supporting tissue maturation ex vivo and in vivo. These bioinks are shear thinning, resist cell sedimentation, improve viability of multiple cell types, and enhance mechanical stability in hydrogels derived from them. 3D printed constructs generated from rECM bioinks suppress the foreign body response, are pro-angiogenic and support recipient-derived de novo blood vessel formation across the entire graft thickness in a murine model of transplant immunosuppression. Their proof-of-principle for generating human tissue is demonstrated by 3D bioprinting human airways composed of regionally specified primary human airway epithelial progenitor and smooth muscle cells. Airway lumens remained patent with viable cells for one month in vitro with evidence of differentiation into mature epithelial cell types found in native human airways. rECM bioinks are a promising new approach for generating functional human tissue using 3D bioprinting.

Snakebites are considered a major public health problem worldwide. In the Amazon region of Brazil, the snake Bothrops atrox (B. atrox) is responsible for 90% of the bites. These bites may cause local and systemic signs from acute inflammatory reaction and hemostatic changes, and present common hemorrhagic disorders. These alterations occur due the action of hemostatically active and immunogenic toxins which are capable of triggering a wide range of hemostatic and inflammatory events. However, the crosstalk between coagulation disorders and inflammatory reaction still has gaps in snakebites. Thus, the goal of this study was to describe the relationship between the consumption of fibrinogen and the profile of inflammatory molecules (chemokines and cytokines) in evenomations by B. atrox snakebites. A prospective study was carried out with individuals who had suffered B. atrox snakebites and presented different levels of fibrinogen consumption (normal fibrinogen [NF] and hypofibrinogenemia [HF]). Seventeen patients with NF and 55 patients with HF were eligible for the study, in addition to 50 healthy controls (CG). The molecules CXCL-8, CCL-5, CXCL-9, CCL-2, CXCL-10, IL-6, TNF, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A were quantified in plasma using the CBA technique at three different times (pre-antivenom therapy [T0], 24 h [T1], and 48 h [T2] after antivenom therapy). The profile of the circulating inflammatory response is different between the groups studied, with HF patients having higher concentrations of CCL-5 and lower IFN-γ. In addition, antivenom therapy seems to have a positive effect, leading to a profile of circulating inflammatory response similar in quantification of T1 and T2 on both groups. Furthermore, these results suggest that a number of interactions of CXCL-8, CXCL-9, CCL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in HF patients are directly affected by fibrinogen levels, which may be related to the inflammatory response and coagulation mutual relationship induced by B. atrox venom. The present study is the first report on inflammation-coagulation crosstalk involving snakebite patients and supports the better understanding of envenomation's pathophysiology mechanisms and guides in the search for novel biomarkers and prospective therapies.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by the failure of the proximal tubule to reabsorb the glomerulus-filtered cystine. Two genes encode the two pro...

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:54:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-05-30 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The application of cashew gum, in particular the one which is abundant in northeastern Brazil, remains limited to the foods and pharmaceutics industry. In attempting to obtain further potentialities of the cashew gum (CG), its electrical applicability needs to be explored. To this end, the CG is incorporated in blends based on PANI to make an innovative thin self-sustainable blend films (PACG) comprising PANI and CG. The blend films were fabricated by adding the CG in the synthesis process of the polyaniline, and they were prepared by the standard “casting” method. The film materials were blending in three different weight ratios (99:1), (95:5) and (80:20). We also fabricated the only PANI film. As PANI has its conductivity enhanced by doping process, the blends and PANI films were doped by using sulfuric acid at 0.05 and 0.1 mol L −1 concentrations. The characterization of the films was carried out by FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analyses and electrical measurements. The FTIR results exhibited the occurrence of a weak and secondary chemical interaction between PANI and CG. Once there was no appearance of new bands, the profile of the FTIR curves was maintained for the blends and no significant shifts were identified for the maximum frequency of bands. The thermal analysis measurements revealed alteration at the thermal stability temperature of blends due to the doping process and indicated that the thermal profile of the constituent materials (PANI and CG) was preserved in the blends. The electrical studies showed that the undoped blend films exhibited a low level of conductivity as the amount of gum increased. On the other hand, the doped films reached a high level of conductivity in comparison with PANI films and the more the amount of CG in the blend the more is its conductivity. For PACG with 20% of gum, σ increased by a factor of 106, whereas in PANI film, it increased by 104 at the 0.1 mol L −1 doped level. These results point to the possibility of using this sort of blend based on polyaniline and cashew gum as an innovative conductive polymer once it exhibits acceptable electrical, structural and thermal properties. UFPI - Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella Bairro Ininga MCTIC - Ministério da Ciência Tecnologia Inovação e Comunicações FEIS – Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista FCT – Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, C.P. 467 IFMA- Instituto Federal do Maranhão - Campus de São João dos Patos FEIS – Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista FCT – Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, C.P. 467 CAPES: 11208/13-9 FAPESP: 2009/00523-8 CNPq: 455323/2014-3 CNPq: 480377/2013-8 CAPES: 5129/09-5

Introducao: O Infarto Agudo do Miocardio (IAM) se da por uma oclusao da arteria coronaria, atraves da formacao de um coagulo ou placa de ateroma, diminuindo o fluxo sanguineo e levando parte do miocardio a um processo de necrose o que desencadeia em um grande numero de obitos na populacao mundial. Objetivo:Realizar uma revisao sistematica de literatura sobre o infarto agudo do miocardio, enfatizando a assistencia ao paciente pos-infarto internado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.Metodologia:Foi realizado uma busca em portais cientificos como PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) e Scielo (www.scielo.com.br) usando como descritores“Infarto Agudo do Miocardio” e“UTI”.O periodo de busca foi de 2011 a 2016.Resultados:No Pubmed foram encontrado 151 artigos e no Scielo 126, totalizando 277 artigos. Estes artigos foram triados e excluidos os que nao tratavam sobre assistencia, restando 26 artigos que comporam esse estudo. Os artigos selecionados foram analisados e os assuntos separados em 09 (nove) topicos para melhor entendimento do tema. Conclusao:foi observada uma enfâse das publicacoes no fatodo IAM ser uma patologia de facil diagnostico, mas que se nao tratada a tempo possui um alto indice de mortes nas primeiras horas apos o ocorrido. A gravidade depende da extensao da regiao atingida e de todos os fatores de riscos associados. Palavras-chave: Infarto Agudo do Miocardio, UTI, Assistencia.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:28:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Eletrônica Orgânica The electrical properties of polymeric films/blends comprising polyaniline (PANI) and cashew gum (CG) blends were studied by impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range from 300 K to 353 K. Protonation promoted by sulfuric acid was responsible for changing the oxidation state from undoped emeraldine base (EB) to doped emeraldine salt (ES). The low-frequency conductivity of the films varied more than 6 orders of magnitude by doping. In (PANI- EB)/CG blends, the presence of cashew gum acts a dispersing agent, lowering the electrical conductivity contrasting to (PANI-ES)/CG blends, where the electrical conductivity increases with CG concentration up to 20% (w/w). Moreover, undoped films presented a thermally-activated electrical conductivity, whereas doped films presented a decrease in the conductivity by increasing temperature. An equivalent circuit model is proposed to analyze the data by considering the system being composed of highly conductive regions separated by insulating/semiconducting ones. Instituto de Física de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo Instituto Federal do Maranhão - IFMA Campus de São João dos Patos Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Departamento de Física Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI Departamento de Física Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Departamento de Física

Snakebites are a serious public health problem and, in the Amazon, the Bothrops atrox snake is the most frequent cause of envenomation. B. atrox venom (BaV) causes pathophysiological changes with intense, local inflammatory processes, such as severe tissue complication (STC). However, mechanisms associated with the inflammatory process in humans are still poorly understood. Thus, in this study, we sought to describe the profile of local and systemic immunological soluble molecules in Bothrops envenomation patients treated at a specialist tertiary healthcare unit in the Brazilian Amazon. An analytical and prospective study was performed with patients who had snakebites with different clinical outcomes (STC and Mild Tissue Complication—MTC) using venous blood and blister exudate in order to measure immunological soluble molecules present in the response process. Twenty STC patients and 20 MTC patients were eligible for the study. In addition, 20 healthy donors (HD) who had never been bitten by a snake were used as controls. The biomarkers CXCL-8, CCL-5, CXCL-9, CCL-2 and CXCL-10; C3a, C4a, and C5a; IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, IFN-γ and IL-17A were quantified using flow cytometry and ELISA. The circulating response profile differs between the studied groups, with MTC patients presenting a mixed profile and STC patients presenting a more polarized profile for Th1 response. In addition, individuals who develop STC have a more intense local immune response, because the tissue response differs from the circulating immunological soluble molecules and presents Th1/Th2/Th17 response polarization. Furthermore, these results suggest that CCL-2 and CXCL-10 are biomarkers for STC and the response profile they assume against Bothrops snakebite should reflect in the clinical practice for the patient.

Introducao: A avaliacao cognitiva de um individuo sobre um acontecimento e o que determina o tipo de resposta que sera dada na forma de cognicoes e comportamentos. A Terapia Comportamental Cognitivo (TCC) auxilia o individuo a aprender novas estrategias para atuar no ambiente de forma a promover mudancas necessarias para o seu repertorio comportamental. Objetivo: Analisar as contingencias mantedoras do repertorio comportamental depressivo . Material e metodos: Foram utilizados os procedimentos da Terapia Comportamental Cognitiva, tais como diarios de Registros de Comportamentos ; Hiperventilacao, Controle Respiratorio e Educacao sobre a Ansiedade; Pizza da vida; tecnica de relaxamento autogeno e foi feito tambem o Questionamento Socratico. A participante foi uma pessoa do sexo feminino, 33 anos de idade, casada, ensino superior completo, de nivel socioeconomico medio alto, diagnosticada com classificacao F32.9, conforme CID-10 e com historico de tentativas de suicidio. O processo terapeutico consistiu em cinco fases: Linha de Base, Intervencao I, Avaliacao Pos-Ferias, Intervencao II e Avaliacao Final, com duas sessoes semanais, tendo duracao de 50 minutos. Resultados: As contingencias mantedoras do repertorio comportamental depressivo foram: dependencia do evento que culminou o desencadeamento da depressao, a visao negativa do futuro e o processo que corre na justica a respeito de seu trabalho favorecendo a construcao de crencas negativas. As tecnicas comportamentais e cognitivas constituiram uma possibilidade concreta na aprendizagem de novos repertorios. Conclusao : Concluida a fase de estudo e intervencao, pode-se afirmar que as modificacoes comportamentais apresentadas pela participante no processo possibilitaram aprendizagem de novos repertorios assertivos, em substituicao as contingencias mantenedoras do comportamento depressivo, e controle da ansiedade.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and there are currently limited treatment options for these patients. The disease is characterized by a reduction in airflow due to chronic bronchitis, as well as airspace enlargement in the distal lung, resulting in a loss of surface area available for gas exchange. At end-stage disease, oxygen therapy and lung transplantation remain the only potential options. The disease is heterogeneous and both inflammatory cells as well as structural cells are thought to play a role in disease onset and progression. Pharmaceutical approaches are ineffective at reversing disease pathology and currently aim only to provide symptomatic relief. A recent area of investigation focuses on exogenous cell therapy, including stem cell administration, and its potential for directing lung regeneration. Cell therapies from a variety of sources, as well as cell-derived products such as extracellular vesicles, have recently shown efficacy in animal models of COPD, but early clinical trials have not yet shown efficacy. In this chapter, we discuss the different animal models of COPD as well as the studies which have been conducted to date with cell therapies. We conclude the chapter with a discussion regarding the limitations of current animal models and discuss potential areas for future study.

Background The imbalance between the action of the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is one component of metastasis physiology. TIMP-1 overrides MMP-9 activity in cancer and might be regulated by miR-618. The aims of this study were to clarify whether TIMP-1 expression is modified by miR-618 and to clarify the effect of miR-618 expression on the invasion of prostate cancer cells. We also studied miR-618 expression in surgical specimens of patients with localized prostate cancer submitted to open radical prostatectomy. Methods After transfection of miR-618 or its antagonist in DU145 cells, qRT-PCR for TIMP-1/MMP-9 and both ELISA and zymography for MMP-9 were performed. Total miRNA was extracted from surgical specimens of PCa, and miR-618 expression was examined for correlations with Gleason score, pathological status and biochemical recurrence. Results DU145 cells transfected with miR-618 had a 76% reduction in TIMP-1 expression relative to control cells (p = 0.003). miR-618 inhibition reduced MMP-9 expression by 31% (p = 0.032) and MMP-9 absorbance evaluated with ELISA assay (p = 0.06).Zymography suggested higher MMP-9 activity in DU145 cells transfected with miR-618 than those transfected with miR-618 inhibitor, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.55). However, miR-618 expression was lower in surgical specimens of patients with Gleason score > 7 (p = 0.08) and more advanced disease (p = 0.07). Conclusions In vitro, miR-618 overexpression decreases TIMP-1 and miR-618 inhibition decreases MMP-9, suggesting that miR-618 might be an oncomiR. However, the analysis of clinical samples of localized prostate cancer revealed an inconsistent pattern, as increased miR-618 expression was associated with lower Gleason score and pathological status. Further studies are needed to address whether miR-618 is a context-dependent miRNA.

Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the roles of miR-143 and miR-145, as well as the gene and protein expression of their targets ( KRAS, ERK5, MAP3K3, and MAP4K4) in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods We analyzed the specimens of 44 patients diagnosed with BPH who underwent surgical treatment. The control group consisted of prostate samples from 2 young patients who were organ donors. miRNAs and their target genes were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and protein levels were assessed by Western blotting. Results miR-143 and miR-145 were overexpressed in, respectively, 62.5% and 73.8% of the cases. The ERK5 and MAP4K4 genes were underexpressed respectively in 59.4% and 100% of the BPH samples, whereas KRAS and MAP3K3 were overexpressed respectively in 79.4% and 61.5% of the samples. Increased protein expression was found for both KRAS (4,312.2 luminance/area) and MAP3K3 (7,461.7 luminance/area), while the ERK5 protein was more abundant in the samples from patients with prostate larger than 60 grams (p=0.019). Conclusions The overexpression of miR-143 and miR-145 in BPH samples suggests an association with the pathogenesis of the disease; additionally, the latter miRNA may act through the inhibition of MAP4K4. KRAS and MAP3K3 overexpression may also be associated with BPH pathogenesis. Further analyses are necessary to confirm these results.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to verify the expression of proteins that are controlled by miR-let7c, 100 and 218 using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray representative of localized and metastasized the lymph nodes and bone prostate cancer. METHODS: To verify the expression of proteins that are controlled by miR-let7c (C-MYC, BUB1, RAS) 100 (SMARCA5, RB) and 218 (LAMB3) and cell proliferation (Ki-67) we used immunohistochemistry and computerized image system ImageJ MacBiophotonics in three tissue microarrays representative of localized prostate cancer and lymph node and bone metastases. miRNA expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR using 60 paraffin blocks to construct the tissue microarray representative of localized disease. RESULTS: RAS expression was increased in localized prostate cancer and bone metastases compared to the lymph nodes (p = 0.017). RB showed an increase in expression from localized prostate cancer to lymph node and bone metastasis (p = 0.036). LAMB3 was highly expressed in localized and lymph node metastases (p

We identified miRNA expression profiles in urothelial carcinoma that are associated with grade, stage, and recurrence-free and disease specific survival.The expression of 14 miRNAs was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in surgical specimens from 30 patients with low grade, noninvasive (pTa) and 30 with high grade, invasive (pT2-3) urothelial carcinoma. Controls were normal bladder tissue from 5 patients who underwent surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Endogenous controls were RNU-43 and RNU-48. miRNA profiles were compared and Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to analyze disease-free and disease specific survival.miR-100 was under expressed in 100% of low grade pTa specimens (p0.001) and miR-10a was over expressed in 73.3% (p0.001). miR-21 and miR-205 were over expressed in high grade pT2-3 disease (p = 0.02 and0.001, respectively). The other miRNAs were present at levels similar to those of normal bladder tissue or under expressed in each tumor group. miR-21 over expression (greater than 1.08) was related to shorter disease-free survival in patients with low grade pTa urothelial carcinoma. Higher miR-10a levels (greater than 2.30) were associated with shorter disease-free and disease specific survival in patients with high grade pT2-3 urothelial carcinoma.Four miRNAs were differentially expressed in the 2 urothelial carcinoma groups. miR-100 and miR-10a showed under expression and over expression, respectively, in low grade pTa tumors. miR-21 and miR-205 were over expressed in pT2-3 disease. In addition, miR-10a and miR-21 over expression was associated with shorter disease-free and disease specific survival. miRNAs could be incorporated into the urothelial carcinoma molecular pathway. These miRNAs could also serve as new diagnostic or prognostic markers and new target drugs.

This research presents a bibliographic review from the perspective of Behavior Analysis about two themes that are very present in people´s daily lives: love and jealousy. There are discussed the love's changes throught the time, as well as the conceptualization of love for the chosen approach. It is also debated the fragility of love relationships nowadays, being externalized,so, the transformation of healthy love behavior into a dysfunctional love behavior, with the psychopathological jealousy as the main focus. In this way, it was saught the comprehansion of the factors that lead to such dysfunctional behavior and what are it's consequences for the jealous person and his / her loving partner, using bibliographical research and functional analysis to reach this understanding. It is also pointed out, in this research, therapeutic interventions that can be used in order to minimize or extinguish psychopathological jealous behavior. Amor e Ciúme Psicopatológico: uma Visão Fundamentada na Perspectiva Analítico Comportamental A presente pesquisa apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica na perspectiva da Análise do Comportamento acerca de dois temas que são extremamente presentes no cotidiano dos indivíduos, o amor e o ciúme. Disserta-se sobre a mudança do amor ao longo dos tempos, bem como sua conceituação para a abordagem escolhida. Atenta, também, para a fragilidade dos relacionamentos amorosos atuais, externando, assim, a transformação do comportamento amoroso saudável em comportamento amoroso disfuncional, tendo como foco principal o ciúme psicopatológico. Diante disso, procura-se compreender os fatores que acarretam tal comportamento disfuncional e quais as consequências para o indivíduo ciumento e seu par amoroso, utilizando-se de pesquisas bibliográficas e de uma análise funcional para maior auxílio nessa compreensão. Busca-se também apontar junto a pesquisa, propostas terapêuticas interventivas a fim de minimizar ou extinguir o comportamento ciumento psicopatológico.

Background The molecular mechanisms involved in androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways are not completely understood, and deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression may play a role in prostate cancer (PC) development and progression. Methods The expression levels of miRNA and AR were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using frozen tissue from the surgical specimens of 83 patients submitted to radical prostatectomy. The expression level of miRNAs was correlated with prognostic factors and biochemical recurrence during a follow-up period of 45 months. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to understand the effect of miRNAs over AR in the context of that seen in a PC model. Results MiR-371 underexpression correlated with non–organ-confined (pT3) disease ( P = 0.009). In vitro transfection of miR-371 reduced the levels of AR by 22% and 28% in LNCaP and PC3 cell lines, respectively, and in kallikrein 3, it was reduced by 51%. PC was induced in Balb/c mice using PC-3M-luc-C6 cells, and animals were treated with 3 local doses of miR-371. Tumor growth evaluated by in vivo imaging after luciferase injection was slower in animals treated with miR-371. To explore further the possible role of miRNAs in the AR pathway, LNCaP cell line was treated with 5α-dihydrotestosterone and flutamide showing alteration in miRNAs expression, especially miR-34a, which was significantly underexpressed after treatment with high doses of 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Conclusion Our data support a role for miRNAs, especially miR-371 and miR-34a, in the complex disarrangement of AR signaling pathway and in the behavior of PC.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of malignant tumor in Brazilian males. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been demonstrated to be present in the promoter region of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes and have been associated with the development and progression of some cancers. In this study, our aim was to investigate the association between the polymorphisms of MMP1, 2, 7, and 9 and susceptibility, and their correlation with the classic prognostic parameters of PCa. For genes MMP1, 2 and 9, the frequencies of the polymorphic homozygote genotypes were higher in the control group than in the PCa group (P0.0001). We conclude that the MMP1, 2 and 9 polymorphisms are more common in the control group than in patients with PCa, and may have a protective effect in the development of this neoplasia.

Introduction Hyaluronidases (HAases) are enzymes related to cancer progression. Isoforms of HAases have been described as products of alternative splicing responsible for differences in enzyme activity. The heterogeneity of HAase expression has been identified in tumors and could be related to the differences in their biological behavior. Methods Thirty-seven patients subjected to radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were divided into 2 groups for the analyses: Low (≤6–18) and high (≥7–19) Gleason score and tumor behavior; recurrence 15 and nonrecurrence 22, mean follow-up 52.6 months. Conclusion A profile of HAase related to low Gleason score and non-tumor recurrence was characterized by expression of HYAL3-v1, HYAL1-v3, and HYAL3-v2. More studies should be made in order to confirm with larger series.

206 Background: Prostate cancer (PC) depends on the androgen activity being the androgen blockage the main treatment in the setting of metastatic disease. Mechanisms of resistance in metastatic tumors are not completely known. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding molecules that have as canonical mechanism the negative control of gene expression promoting messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or impairing protein translation. The role of miRNAs that have as target the AR are still unknown. Our objective is to study the expression profile of miRNAs that have AR as target in localized prostate cancer. Methods: The expression levels of miRNAs that have as target AR (miR9, 34a, 34c, 185, 130a, 299, 421, 371, 541) were studied using qRT-PCR in the surgical specimens of 83 patients that underwent radical prostatectomy to treat localized prostate cancer. The expression levels of miRNAs were correlated to Gleason score (GS), pre-operatory PSA, pathological stage and biochemical recurrence (PSA>0.2 ng/mL) in a mean follow up of 45.9 months. The mean age was 62.9, mean GS was 7.2, mean PSA was 7.93 ng/mL, and 42 (50.6%) patients were staged pT2. Twenty-four (28.9%) patients presented biochemical recurrence. Specimens of six patients submitted to open surgery to treat benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) composed the control group. Results: The mean expression of AR was 1.63, being overexpressed in 59% of the cases. The mean expression levels of the nine studied miRNAs was miR9=3.06, miR34a=0.76, miR34c=1.14, miR185=1.65, miR130a=1.9, miR299=6.23, miR421=2.84, miR371=1.41, and miR541=0.93. The univariate analysis showed that pT2 tumors have higher expression of miR371(p=0.009). Conclusions: In localized PC the higher expression of miR371 is related with organ-confined disease. This miRNA could be important in the control of AR and the comprehension of its role in PC might bring alternatives to treat metastatic disease. Funded by FAPESP – 2012/50163-0.

Bladder cancer(BC)is the second urological malignancy in incidence,currently being one of the most neoplasms studied with profile and biology poorly defined.In the world,BC is responsible by about 386000 new cases and 150000 deaths annually with considerable economic impact and high costs for health systems.After its discovery more than 20 years,micro RNAs(miR NAs)have been recognized as molecules that work specifically in post-transcriptional control in majority of eukaryote genomes.MiR NAs are a family of small noncoding RNAs of 19-25 nucleotides in length,expressedin a wide variety of organisms,comprising plants,worms and mammals,including humans.They have a fundamental role in physiological and pathological processes in organs and tissues in a context-dependent manner.This review brings new roles of protective and oncogenic miR NAs linked to carcinogenesis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder,and associated with behavior of disease.Many studies have demonstrated promising roles of miR NAs working as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or involved in target therapies,consolidating mi RNAs as crucial players in human cancer.This review allowed a reflection about the true functions of mi RNAs in bladder carcinogenesis.Not only by their wide capacities of action,but also by abilities in define the cell date.The future of anti-tumor target therapies will be based not in one,but in groups of miR NAs working together in several steps of carcinogenic process,being able to identify the disease,predicting behavior and effectively treat bladder cancer.