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The study aimed to identify the electronic management degree of application in public schools in Hail in light of Saudi Arabia's 2030 vision. The researcher developed a questionnaire consisting of three dimensions: (Management Operations, Human Resources, and Electronic Organization) which was distributed to a random sample of (65) female educational supervisors in public education schools in Hail city. The descriptive analysis method was used in the study. The study concluded that the three dimensions came with a medium mean. The results also showed no variations according to the educational qualification variable. Furthermore, there were significant differences according to the work experience variable, and the differences were for those with more experience.

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is entering its second millennium with a decisive will for development and prosperity, depending on its youthful society; since youth in the age group (12-30) years comprise (61%) of the population. This fact implies that the developmental policies drawn by policymakers in the country must address the needs and inspirations of young people. This study aimed to analyze youth participation in the process of developmental policymaking from the perspective of the concerned directors of the Jordanian Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation (MoPIC) in terms of importance and implementation. The study adopted a qualitative approach and used semi-structured interviews to collect data from (10) directors. The study concluded that youth participation in developmental policy-making was considered to be crucial and essential for achieving development in Jordan. However, the current participation is considered to be weak and tokenistic. The study recommended more engagement of youth in policy-making.

Background: Although aluminum (Al) is not biologically crucial to the human body, classical studies have demonstrated that excessive human exposure to Al can induce oxidative damage, neuroinflammatory conditions and neurotoxic manifestations implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Exposure to Al was reported to be associated with oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and to enhance progressive multiregional neurodegeneration in animal models. Several plant-derived natural biomolecules have been recently used to reduce the toxic effects of Al through decreasing the oxidative stress and the associated diseases. A good candidate still to be tested is an active natural furanocoumarin, the isoimperatorin (IMP) that can be extracted from Lemon and lime oils and other plants. Here, we examined the neuroprotective effects of IMP on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity in albino mice.Methods: Twenty-four male albino mice were used in this study. Mice were randomly devided into 5 groups. The first group was given distilled water as a control, the second group was given AlCl3 orally (10 mg/wt/day) starting from the 2nd week to the end of the 6th week, the third group received AlCl3 orally and IMP interperitoneally, i. p. (30 mg/wt/day) starting from week 2 till week 6 where IMP was supplement 1st and then 4 h later AlCl3 was given to mice. The fourth group received the control (IMP 30 mg/wt, i. p.) from the 2nd week till the end of the experiment. Rodent models of central nervous system (CNS) disorders were assessed using object location memory and Y-maze tests in 6th week began. Essential anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated, including interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase activity (CAT). In addition, serum levels of brain neurotransmitters such as corticosterone, acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine and serotonin in brain homogenates were measured calorimetrically.Results: The study results revealed that the daily treatment of AlCl3 upregulated the TNF-α and IL-1β levels, increased MDA accumulation, and decreased TAC and CAT activity. In addition, aluminum induced a reduction in concentrations of ACh, serotonin and dopamine in the brain. However, IMP significantly ameliorates the effect of AlCl3 through modulating the antioxidant and regulating the inflammatory response through targeting Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).Conclusion: Thus, IMP might be a promising treatment option for neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, which are associated with neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress.

Respiratory infections associated with ventilators represent a significant risk to individuals in intensive care units, particularly children under 3 years of age. 100 sample were collected Between October 2021 and February 2022, from Mosul hospitals (Ibn Al-Atheer Teaching Hospital, Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital, Al-Salam Hospital, and Al-Khansa Teaching Hospital) at ages 1 day to 3 years. A swab was taken from the water chamber of the artificial breathing devices, and the catheter head was collected, where the mucous material was cultured in three different mediums (blood agar, MacConkey agar, and Chocolate agar). 80 bacterial isolates were collected. The highest percentage was determined to be connected to Gr- bacteria, with 65 isolates 81.25%, and 15 isolates 18.75% being Gr+ bacteria. Using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, it was discovered that all isolates had great resistance to the antagonist’s ampicillin and ceftriaxone, but high sensitivity to both Imipenem and Meropenem. The tube method was found to be more efficient than the Congo red agar method in the detection of biofilms. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia group, and Pseudomonas mendocina were biofilm-forming in both ways by up to 100%. The current investigation found that the tube approach produced 100% biofilm, but the Congo red agar method produced 41.25% biofilm.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-sgo-10.1177_21582440221096114 for Does Microfinance Singlehandedly Empower Women? A Case Study of Bangladesh by Sajeda Pervin, Mohammad Nazari Ismail and Abu Hanifa Md Noman in SAGE Open

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-sgo-10.1177_21582440221096114 for Does Microfinance Singlehandedly Empower Women? A Case Study of Bangladesh by Sajeda Pervin, Mohammad Nazari Ismail and Abu Hanifa Md Noman in SAGE Open

The phrase “who says contractual, says justice” (qui dit contractuel dit juste) does not fully express the truth of present reality, where the phrase itself falls into doubt, since a contract does not always result in fair obligations. In this regard, the French judiciary realized that the absence of justice in a contract might arise as a result of the contractual freedom afforded to the contracting parties. Thus, the idea of Commutative Justice in the contract was developed, such as, the Chronopost’s decision which is considered one of its most important applications. However, the equivalence of rights and obligations in the Palestinian Draft Civil Code only exists in a virtual form, without any content that actually contributes to the achievement of the equivalence between rights and obligations in contracts. This article seeks to prove that the provisions of the causation theory in the Palestinian Draft Civil Code can be used as an effective means for achieving contractual justice between the contracting parties, in order to maintain economic contractual equilibrium of the contract. To do so, the function of the causation theory should be analysed in a comparative analytical approach with the Chronopost’s decision to illustrate the Palestinian legislative deficiencies. It will also show the need for adopting the French judicial approach, which will establish a general rule that any arbitrary clause that contravenes the essential obligation of the contract is considered to be unwritten, regardless of the nature or the subject matter of the contract.

In traditional systems of medicine herbs, minerals, and animal sources are in used as medicine since antiquity. In the Unani system of medicine gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, lead, salts, earthy matters, gems, arsenic, borax, etc. are used in the various formulation in different forms after the process of detoxification. Samm-ul-Far (Arsenic) is a naturally occurring odorless and tasteless element found in the ores of silver in the island and mountains of Khurasan. Chemically, Samm-ul-Far (SF) is arsenic trioxide. Unani formulations of SF is used in various disease especially nervine disorders, skin disease, sexual disorders, arthritis, blood infection, and blood dyscrasia. Since it is having a 4th degree of hot and dry temperament it is used with caution and diligently even in therapeutic doses. In this review, information related to the history of medicinal use, Ethno-pharmacology, medicinal importance, toxicity study, formulation of arsenic, the pharmacokinetics of arsenic, therapeutic actions, and use of arsenic trioxide in the current scenario has been described. From the review with evidence, it may conclude that the risk-benefit ratio (more risk than benefit) should be kept in mind while using SF as medicine even at a therapeutic dose. Keywords: Arsenic trioxide, Samm-ul-Far, Unani Medicine, Toxicity, Ethno-Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Purification

This research demonstrated an ultrafast passively mode-locked thulium-holmium doped fibre laser (THDFL) using a carbon nanotube (CNT)-chitin composite film as a saturable absorber (SA). The CNTs were fabricated using ultrasonic-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation, and the chitin biopolymer was derived from oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus Ostreatus). The free-standing SA successfully performed a mode-locking operation at a threshold input pump power of 203 mW with an operating wavelength of 1908.53 nm. The generated mode-locked pulses had repetition rate, pulse width, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values of 16 MHz, 1.1 ps, and 69 dB, respectively. The work demonstrates the potential of CNTs embedded in chitin biopolymer as a sustainable and environmentally friendly SA for a wide range of applications, particularly for pulsed lasers.

The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) have a significant effect on the legal impact of changed circumstances. Many recent court and arbitral decisions have relied on the PICC when ruling on issues relating to hardship events, as a result of the occurrence of events fundamentally altering the equilibrium of the contract either because the cost of a party’s performance has increased or because the value of the performance a party receives has diminished, which is widely known in international trade as hardship clauses. This was not the case only for court and arbitral decisions, as many directives and principles did, as well, such as Article 6:111 of the Principles of European Contract Law, Article 89 of the Common European Sales Law, and Article 1195 of the Amended French Civil Code of 2016. In this context, this article analyses the role of hardship provisions in light of the PICC in retaining economic equilibrium compared with the contingency-unforeseen circumstances theory in the Palestinian Draft Civil Code Draft (PDCC) in order to reach a place of harmony. On the one hand, the research concluded that the hardship theory as contained in the UNIDROIT Principles of 2016 suits the current Palestinian reality, however, the criterion for determining the fundamental alteration of the contractual equilibrium is tainted in ambiguity. On the other hand, the research shows failure of the contingency-unforeseen circumstances theory in the PDCC in addressing changed circumstances and onerous performance, which necessitates an urgent intervention of the Palestinian legislature to amend the text of Article 151. Accordingly, in light of the current wording of Article 151 of the PDCC, the study shows that Palestinian contracting parties cannot refer to the Unified Principles of International Trade Contracts 2016 to fill the legislative vacuum in cases of changed circumstances, because it is not possible to agree on anything contrary to the provisions of the contingency-unforeseen circumstances theory.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Cases with high probability of drug induced QT interval prolongation.

Additional file 1: Table S1. PDDIs of major severity involving anticancer drugs.

Additional file 3: Table S3. Most frequently prescribed drugs (other than antimicrobials) among patient with malaria.

Recommendation system or also known as a recommender system is a tool to help the user in providing a suggestion of a specific dilemma. Thus, recently, the interest in developing a recommendation system in many fields has increased. Fuzzy Logic system (FLSs) is one of the approaches that can be used to model the recommendation systems as it can deal with uncertainty and imprecise information. However, one of the fundamental issues in FLS is the problem of the curse of dimensionality. That is, the number of rules in FLSs is increasing exponentially with the number of input variables. One effective way to overcome this problem is by using Hierarchical Fuzzy System (HFSs). This paper aims to explore the use of HFSs for Recommendation system. Specifically, we are interested in exploring and comparing the HFS and FLS for the Career path recommendation system (CPRS) based on four key criteria, namely topology, the number of rules, the rules structures and interpretability. The findings suggested that the HFS has advantages over FLS towards improving the interpretability models, in the context of a recommendation system example. This study contributes to providing an insight into the development of interpretable HFSs in the Recommendation systems.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparative analysis of patients with normal and prolonged QTc interval using Bazett’s correction formula.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Description of the most frequent potential drug–drug interactions in patients with malaria.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Most frequently prescribed antimicrobial agents among patient with malaria.

The objectives of this study were; (1) selection of size distribution of bridging particles of polymer-based drill-in fluid based on the actual reservoir porosity distribution in order to minimize the internal filtration damage, and (2) to develop a non-corrosive wellbore cleanup fluid comprising of a specially designed bio-enzyme and in-situ organic acid precursors to remove the external filter cakes and bring the skin close to zero prior to well completion. Drill-in-fluids were formulated and developed based on Ideal Packing Theory (IPT). The calcite particle size simulation was conducted using a particle size simulator based on IPT using FMI log information from a carbonate reservoir. Xanthan-starch specific bio-enzymes were screened and optimized to achieve complete dissolution of the polymers present in the mud-cakes. Acid precursors were formulated and developed to dissolve the calcite particles and at the same time keeping the corrosion level below the maximum acceptable limit. Compatibility tests between the acid precursors and the bio-enzymes were performed. The final cleanup formulation was subjected to corrosion studies at dynamic conditions. The entire development was verified at reservoir conditions through core flooding experiments. The formulated fluid was tested successfully against ceramic disks and carbonate core plugs by performing core-flood tests. The polymer based drill-in-fluid resulted in a very low permeability filter cake ( A new drill-in fluid has been developed and its filter-cake deposition was completely cleaned up with enzyme-acid precursor combination. Normally wellbore cleanup fluids are highly acidic and need corrosion inhibitor. The new formulation was effective in minimizing corrosion of downhole tools without the use of corrosion inhibitors.

This paper discusses a simple recommender engine, which can match final year project student based on their interests with potential supervisors. The recommender engine is constructed based on Euclidean distance algorithm. The initial input data for the recommender system is obtained by distributing questionnaire to final year students and recording their response in CSV format. The recommender engine is implemented using Java class and application, and result of the initial tests has shown promises that the project is feasible to be pursued as it has the potential of solving the problem of final year students in finding their potential supervisors.

هدف البحث الحالي دراسة مسألة تحديد مدة ولاية الحاكم في الفقه الإسلامي، بوصفها واحدة من القضايا المعاصرة والملحة التي فرضت نفسها بقوة على علماء العصر وفقهائه، مما يستدعي الحاجة إلى تعريف الباحثين وطلاب العلم وغيرهم من المعنيين بالشأن السياسي والمثقفين بحكمها، من خلال جمع أقوال الفقهاء المعاصرين وأدلتهم وتحليلها ومناقشتها، في محاولة للوصول إلى خلاصة فقهية واضحة، وقد انبنى هذا البحث من خمسة مباحث وخاتمة، كان المبحث الأول في بيان الضابط في العلاقة بين الحاكم والمحكوم في الفقه الإسلامي، والثاني في ذكر العلماء المانعين لتحديد ولاية الحاكم وأدلتهم، والثالث في المؤيدين لتحديد ولاية الحاكم وأدلتهم، والرابع في الموجبين لتحديد ولاية الحاكم وأدلتهم، والخامس في المناقشة والترجيح، ثم جاءت الخاتمة في نتائج البحث وتوصياته. ولتحقيق الغرض من البحث استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي مستفيدين من المنهجين: الاستنباطي والاستقرائي، بوصفهما المنهجين المناسبين لهذا اللون من البحوث والدراسات، وقد خلص البحث إلى جملة من النتائج لعل أبرزها أن الضابط في العلاقة بين الحاكم والمحكوم هو عقد البيعة، وهو واحد من العقود التي تقوم على الرضا بين الطرفين، وإن من حق طرفي العقد أن يضيفا ما يريانه مناسبا من الشروط ما دامت هذه الشروط لا تخالف طبيعة العقد، وتحقق المصلحة.

A thermodynamic property of Ca2Fe2O5 was exploited to improve the efficiency of the steam-iron process to produce hydrogen. The ability of reduced Ca2Fe2O5 to convert a higher fraction of steam to hydrogen than chemically unmodified Fe was demonstrated in a packed bed. At 1123K, the use of Ca2Fe2O5 achieved an equilibrium conversion of steam to hydrogen of 75%, in agreement with predicted thermodynamics and substantially higher than that theoretically achievable by iron oxide, viz. 62%. Furthermore, in Ca2Fe2O5, the full oxidation from Fe(0) to Fe(III) can be utilised for hydrogen production – an improvement from the Fe to Fe3O4 transition for unmodified iron. Thermodynamic considerations demonstrated in this study allow for the rational design of oxygen carriers in the future. Modifications of reactors to capitalise on this new material are discussed.

The application of renewable energy has been an integral part of the sustainability drive in the building sector and solar photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most effective technologies in this respect. The present study aims to investigate the prospects of solar PV in residential buildings in the hot&ndash, humid climatic conditions. The study discusses the utilization of building roofs for the application of PV in terms of potential hurdles and utilization factor (UF). Technical performance of PV systems has also been investigated in terms of power output as well as the energy saved as a result of the shading impact of panels for two types of residential units, apartments and villas. Investigation of 70 sample residential buildings reveals the average UF of 0.21 and 0.28 for apartments and villas, respectively. For the case study of apartment and villa residential units, roof UF has been found to be 13% and 15% with a respective PV output of 6079 kWh/year and 6162 kWh/year. Potential PV output at the city level has also been estimated. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to evaluate the impact of various cost and design parameters on the viability of PV systems.

In 1994 and thereafter, the French judiciary set a trend by utilizing the causation theory to revoke the exemption clauses of liability that constitute a violation of the contract’s essential obligations. This utilization was intended to restore economic equilibrium to the contract, in order to achieve the benefit each party seeks from concluding a contract. However, in 2016, the new amendments of the French civil code -which were issued by decree no: 131-2016- abolished the causation theory in general. Nevertheless, they retained the previous French judicial trend based on causation theory, where Article 1170 of the new amendments states clearly “any contract term which deprives a debtor’s essential obligation of its substance is deemed not written”. However, Article 1170 of the new amendments did not specify what is meant by an essential obligation? When does the contract’s term result in depriving the debtor’s essential obligation of its substance? Moreover, Article 1170 consolidates an individual penalty which may cause many legal problems. These problems are: the matter concerns an essential clause in the contract and not a secondary one, the other clauses of the contract remain valid as they have been, without any modifications or replacements and, in some cases, abolishing the clause itself might lead to further imbalance in the contract. Therefore, the legal provisions of Article 1170 should be analyzed in an analytical approach along with the previous French judicial trend with respect to these provisions. As a result, the research illustrates the urgent need to amend Article 1170 of the new amendments, in order to contribute to the stability of the economic contractual equilibrium.

Top 30 most frequently prescribed drugs. (DOCX 14Â kb)

Sharia compliant wheelchair wheel cleaner was developed in order to assist the muslim Person with Disabilities (PWD) to pray in the mosque without leaving their wheelchair because of the filthy wheels. Though there are many wheelchair wheel cleaning system in the market, it is very rare to find sharia compliant cleaning system that applies sertu concept which is one of the cleaning and purification technique in Islamic practice. The sertu concept is based on 6:1 ratio that refers to the six times pipe water cleaning and one time soiled water cleaning. The development process consists of design stage, fabrication and system installation stage and followed by testing stage. During the design stage, the proposed prototype underwent design brainstorming, operation programming and structural simulation analysis. Once fabricated, the cleaner prototype underwent was tested. The results showed that the prototype can cater load up to 100kg with 1.31×10−6 mm shaft bending displacement. The water ejection timing var...

Frequency of QT-DDIs along with their levels and TdP risks of drugs involved in these QT-DDIs stratified with respect to various types of cancer. (PDF 170Â kb)

Frequency of QT-DDIs along with their levels and TdP risks of drugs involved in these QT-DDIs stratified with respect to various types of cancer. (PDF 170Â kb)

Prevalence of QT prolonging drugs along with their TdP risks stratified with respect to various types of cancer. (PDF 234Â kb)

The jurisprudential and judicial legal trend tends to apply the principle of good faith at the pre-contracting phase as one of the most substantial principles governing this phase, since it is inconceivable that the parties are to negotiate in bad faith, and then must implement the contract in good faith, in accordance with the traditional legal rule that “fraud spoils everything it touches”. However, the Palestinian legislature has ignored enacting legal provisions obliging the parties to abide by the principle of good faith in the pre-contracting phase causing a legislative deficiency in the legislative remedies of the subject of good faith in the pre-contracting phase. This paper seeks to prove that replacing a provision that requires good faith in negotiations with the provisions of tort liability causes many legal problems. To prove this, the legal provisions should be analysed which would also include determining the definition of the principle of good faith, and the function of that principle in achieving contractual equilibrium and the legal basis for this principle at the stage of negotiation which should also be analysed. Moreover, a comparative analytical approach with the French civil code is used to illustrate the Palestinian legislative deficiencies and the need to legislate a legal article which obligates the negotiating parties to behave in good faith, as this has become an unavoidable reality that should be dealt with to contribute to the stability of civil and commercial transactions. As such, the legal article should also specify the compensation to be claimed.

Due to the importance of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issue, where electromagnetic interference (EMI) is evaluated, shielded enclosures have a valuable position. Shielding prevents internal electromagnetic energy from coupling to the environment and so reduces emissions; it also prevents external electromagnetic energy from the environment from coupling into the system and disrupting its operation, so improving the immunity. However, the precision of these enclosures is often compromised by all kinds of apertures that interconnect various components, equipment are needed for ventilation, control access and for viewing indicators. Therefore, appropriate shields for mitigation of electromagnetic interference in presence of apertures must be designed. So the shielding effectiveness (SE) of enclosure must be analyzed to achieve to the best structure of shielding enclosures with apertures. In this paper, we study the SE of the difference kind of shielding enclosure in presence of aperture. In the following an optimal routing is proposed in order to immunize the transmission cables within enclosure against EMI by using analytical hierarchy process (AHP).

Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common major complication associated with ERCP. Beginning with an overview of the risk factors for the development of PEP, this review introduces the mechanism of injury in PEP and the role of pharmacological prevention. NSAIDs are increasingly found to offer prevention against the development of PEP, and their mechanism and supportive data are summarized, especially in relationship to the practice of prophylactic pancreatic duct stenting., JOP. Journal of the Pancreas, Vol 15, No 3 (2014): May - p. 219-279