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In the Western China, soft rocks, in particular, phyllites are very widespread. With the increase of soft rock tunnels in recent years, the secondary lining cracking of newly-built tunnels have fre...

Tungsten is one of the prime candidates for a first-wall material near the divertor area due to its high temperature strength, high thermal conductivity, low erosion rate and low tritium retention. The erosion resistance of tungsten to the edge plasmas and transient events are carefully investigated in a simulated fusion environment. Here, we use the dense plasma focus (DPF) device operated in a D2 as a source for pulsed fusion plasma. The tungsten (α-W) substrates with a preferential growth direction along (110) plane were used. These pristine-W samples were nanostructurized using a (i) low-temperature continuous nitrogen RF plasma system and (ii) coated with 60 nm tungsten film, using high-temperature argon plasma in a dense plasma focus (DPF) device. The low- temperature plasma treatment created mesh-like porous nanostructure on the surface of pristine-W with change in crystalline orientation to (200), while the DPF-based deposition resulted in a nanocrystal (30–50 nm) decorated surface with enhanced (200) orientation. The crack propagation and bubble formation during DPF D2 plasma exposure were significantly controlled by the surface modification of tungsten. The mesh-like structure was modified to form loosely bound spherical nanoparticles, while the nanocrystals remained tightly bound and grew in size with D2 plasma exposure. The better adhesion of the nanocrystals and controlled growth along the (200) direction resulted in least change in hardness measurements for the nanocrystal decorated samples. Thus, nanocrystal decoration of tungsten with a preferential growth direction of (200) can help reduce the fusion-induced damage in first-wall materials.

The design of existing tribometers mainly focuses on normal contact and lubricant conditions and aims to evaluate the effect of the load, speed, and environmental conditions on the rubbing pair properties. The effect of the contact angle and variable speed on the rubbing pair properties is often not considered. In this study, a multidirectional adjustment tribometer is developed to evaluate the tribological behavior of cylinder liner–piston rings under dry sliding or oil lubrication conditions. The dynamic, specimen clamping, measuring, and control systems are redesigned according to the structural characteristics of the SKODA-SAVIN tribometer and special requirements of research on the net texture effect on tribological properties. Using LabVIEW software, a man–machine interface is designed to achieve converter control, data acquisition, and other functions. A fail-safe analysis is performed through reproducibility, comparability, and sensitivity tests. From the experiments, it is proved that the tester can provide more detailed, abundant, and reliable data for the performance testing and development of cylinder liner–piston ring materials.

The isomer depletion of ^{93m}Mo was recently reported [Chiara et al., Nature (London) 554, 216 (2018)NATUAS0028-083610.1038/nature25483] as the first direct observation of nuclear excitation by electron capture (NEEC). However, the measured excitation probability of 1.0(3)% is far beyond the theoretical expectation. In order to understand the inconsistency between theory and experiment, we produce the ^{93m}Mo nuclei using the ^{12}C(^{86}Kr,5n) reaction at a beam energy of 559 MeV and transport the reaction residues to a detection station far away from the target area employing a secondary beam line. The isomer depletion is expected to occur during the slowdown process of the ions in the stopping material. In such a low γ-ray background environment, the signature of isomer depletion is not observed, and an upper limit of 2×10^{-5} is estimated for the excitation probability. This is consistent with the theoretical expectation. Our findings shed doubt on the previously reported NEEC phenomenon and highlight the necessity and feasibility of further experimental investigations for reexamining the isomer depletion under low γ-ray background.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely associated to liver injury with diverse clinical features in adolescents and adults. It is often manifested as infectious mononucleosis syndrome, sometimes causing self-limited acute hepatitis, with mild to moderate elevation of liver transaminases, and relative increase in age-related conditions. EBV infection can also cause cholestatic hepatitis, with elevated alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase as the main manifestations, accompanied by varying degrees of jaundice. A small number of patients with severe EBV infection may experience liver failure, and if left untreated in time, it may lead to high mortality. In addition, EBV infection is also associated with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, autoimmune liver disease, etc.EB病毒（EBV）感染与青少年和成人肝损伤密切相关，临床特征多样。常表现为传染性单核细胞增多症时的急性自限性肝炎，特点是以转氨酶轻、中度升高为主，随年龄增加病情相对加重。EBV感染还可致淤胆型肝炎，以碱性磷酸酶和γ-谷氨酰转移酶升高为主要表现，伴不同程度黄疸。少数EBV感染严重者可出现肝衰竭，如果不能及时治疗，病死率较高。此外，EBV感染与慢性肝炎、肝硬化、自身免疫性肝病等有一定关联。.

In this paper, the electromagnetic deformation combined with heat treatment (ET) process was studied, which was meaningful for the forming of high performance Al-Li alloy sheet metal parts. In the ET process, the annealed sheet was firstly subjected to solution treatment, electromagnetic deformation. and artificial age until it reaches the peak aging state. Compared with the traditional T6 heat treatment, the time efficiency of the ET process is significantly improved, and the mechanical properties of the specimen are enhanced. The ET process only takes 6 hours to reach the peak aging, and the time efficiency of precipitate strengthening is reached up to 4 times compared with the T6 process. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the ET specimen are higher than the T6 one, an increase of 17.6% in Vickers hardness. Moreover, the mechanism of higher time efficiency and mechanical properties of the ET process is revealed. It is found that a high density of cellular dislocations and sub-grain were introduced during the electromagnetic deformation process, which is conducive to the nucleation and growth of the T1 precipitate during artificial aging. The T1 precipitates of the ET specimen are more dispersed and finer.

Liver disease-associated infection is a common condition in clinic. The existence of underlying liver disease increases the morbidity, mortality, and other adverse consequences of various infections, which in turn aggravates the liver disease-associated infections progression. Therefore, liver disease and infection should be emphasized in the clinical management. The assessment of liver disease includes its etiology, severity level, and complications, while the assessment of infectious diseases emphasizes its etiology and lesion location. Timely elimination of pathogens and complications is the treatment aspect of liver disease, whereas empiric pathogenic therapy is the treatment aspect of infection. The use of anti-infective drugs with a high risk of liver damage should be avoided when the pathogen is determined, and the target should be treated as soon as possible.肝病相关感染是临床常见情况，基础肝病的存在使多种感染的发生率和病死等不良结局增加，感染反过来也会加重肝病的进展。临床管理中既要关注肝病，也要重视感染。肝病的评估方面包括其病原学、严重程度和并发症，感染的评估方面重点关注病原学和病变部位。治疗时，肝病方面应尽可能清除病原并及时治疗并发症，感染方面应及时进行经验性病原治疗，避免应用肝损伤风险高的抗感染药物，一旦明确病原尽快转为目标治疗。.

原发性胆汁性胆管炎（PBC）是一种慢性、进行性、胆汁淤积性自身免疫性肝病，其特征是肝内胆管破坏，门静脉炎症以及进展为肝硬化和肝功能衰竭。通过1例原发性胆汁性胆管炎I期合并门静脉高压的临床表现，生物化学检验、影像学及病理检查对该病作出诊断分析，结合肝功能及全身情况对疾病发展作出预估，为临床非肝硬化门静脉高压的诊治提供参考。.

Finding the optimal estimator capable of saturating the Cram\'er-Rao bound is important for quantum parameter estimation. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is well known to be asymptotically optimal, but it is usually nonanalytic and hence requires extensive numerical computation. On the other hand, the inversion estimator is widely used in experiments due to its simplicity, but it is usually suboptimal. Here we derive an estimator based on the linear combination of multiple inversion estimators associated with the occurrence probability of different measurement outcomes. This linear combination estimator shares the asymptotic optimality of the MLE and the simplicity of the inversion estimator and is applicable to general multi-outcome measurements, irrespective of the specific system and the noise in the system. We demonstrate this estimator for the intensity-difference measurement to a six-photon twin-Fock input state.

Liver cirrhosis is the final stage of many chronic liver diseases, and is still a heavy disease burden. The proportion of liver cirrhosis caused by the hepatitis B virus is declining, while that caused by the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (metabolic-associated fatty liver disease) is rising. Several predictive models and techniques such as transient elastography have been used for the early non-invasive evaluation of liver cirrhosis. Effective etiological treatment and complication management are the possible key to reverse and recompense liver function during liver cirrhosis treatment. In recent years, the effectiveness and availability of anti-hepatitis B and C virus drugs have been significantly improved, which provides the basis for effective etiological treatment of liver cirrhosis. However, there is still a lack of etiological treatment measures for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, in addition to focusing on common complications, we should also manage "rare" complications. This article reviews the changes in epidemiological characteristics, the update of the natural history concepts, diagnostic evaluation methods, and the treatment measures for liver cirrhosis.肝硬化是多种慢性肝病的终末阶段，其疾病负担仍然较重。现对肝硬化的流行病学特征变化、自然史观念更新、诊断评估手段和治疗措施进行综述。乙型肝炎病毒所致肝硬化比例在下降，非酒精性脂肪性肝病（代谢相关性脂肪性肝病）所致肝硬化比例在上升。多个预测模型和肝脏瞬时弹性测定等技术已用于早期无创性评估肝硬化。有效病因治疗和并发症管理是肝硬化治疗的关键，在此基础上肝硬化肝功能逆转和再代偿成为可能。近年来抗乙型肝炎病毒和抗丙型肝炎病毒药物有效性和可及性明显提高，为肝硬化有效的病因治疗提供了基础，但是非酒精性脂肪性肝病的病因治疗措施仍然缺乏。管理并发症时除了重视常见并发症，也要管理"少见"并发症。.

Heterocyclic compound 2-(3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid (1) designed using 2-(3-cyano-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid (2, Febuxostat) as a starting material is successfully prepared via a multistage synthesis route and finally characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Its treatment activity combined with aspirin on traumatic arthritis is evaluated along with the related mechanism. Firstly, the ELISA detection is conducted to determine the inflammatory response released into the joint cavity secretion. Additionally, real time RT-PCR is measured and the activation levels of NF-kb are determined after the indicated treatment.

A female patient aged 42 years with deep burn on right lower limb was admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University on January 25, 2019. The patient previously had cerebral infarction, hypertension, and hysteria, with long-term use of aspirin and risperidone. After admission, the patient underwent tangential excision twice. On the third day after the second tangential excision and skin grafting, the muscle strength of the right limb gradually decreased, and the patient was treated with emergency craniocerebral magnetic resonance imaging, which suggested acute cerebral infarction. Improvement of cerebral circulation and vasodilatation were given immediately. The limb muscle strength of the patient gradually recovered on the fifth day after the operation, and no sequela was left when the patient was discharged. After the case was discussed, we think that postoperative decreased blood volume and blood concentration resulting from tangential excision bleeding of deep burn and wound exudate as well as inadequate fluid infusion are the main causes of hemodynamic change, the patient had the basis of multiple cerebral artery stenosis, and superposition of multiple factors led to the occurrence of postoperative acute cerebral infarction. Appropriate increase in the fluid infusion volume during and after surgery and transfusion if necessary to increase blood and oxygen supply to the brain can reduce the occurrence of cerebral infarction.2019年1月25日，济宁医学院附属医院收治1例42岁女性右下肢深度烧伤患者，患者既往患有脑梗死、高血压、癔症等疾病，长期服用阿司匹林、利培酮。入院后先后2次行削痂手术，在第2次削痂植皮术后第3天出现右侧肢体肌力减弱，急诊行颅脑核磁共振成像，提示急性脑梗死，立即给予改善脑循环、扩血管等处理。术后第5天患者患肢肌力逐渐恢复，出院时未遗留后遗症。笔者团队对此病例进行讨论，认为深度烧伤削痂出血和术后创面渗出导致血容量降低、血液浓缩及不充分的补液导致脑血流动力学改变为主要诱因，多发脑动脉狭窄为基础，多种因素叠加，导致术后急性脑梗死的发生。术中及术后适当增加补液，必要时输血以增加脑部供血供氧，可减少此类脑梗死的发生。.

Liver cirrhosis can lead to a variety of complications, among which few are relatively rare or overlooked despite being more common, and are thus termed "rare complications". However, these complications also affect the patient's prognosis, and need attention. This article summarizes the relevant content of the present concept of diagnosis and treatment of rare complications of liver cirrhosis, and prospects the future direction of clinical research.肝硬化可导致多种并发症，其中一些并发症比较少见或者虽然多见但是被忽视，因而被称为"少见并发症"。但是这些并发症也会影响患者预后，需要重视。现对相关内容进行总结，综述肝硬化"少见并发症"的概念和诊治现状，并对未来的临床研究方向进行了展望。.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a subtype of breast cancer lacking of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human EGF-like receptor 2 (HER2). MiR-193 always acted as an oncogene and promoted toxic aldehyde accumulation and tyrosine hydroxylase dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to explore the function of miR-193 in triple-negative breast cancer.Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the mRNA level of miR-193 expression in 50 cases of TNBC tissues and para-cancerous specimens. Also, the relation between miR-193 level and the overall survival of TNBC patient was analyzed. MiR-193 mimic and miR-193 inhibitor oligos, as well as the corresponding negative control, were synthesized from RiboBio (Guangzhou, China).MiR-193 expression was higher in triple-negative breast cancer tissues and cell lines than the corresponding adjacent non-tumor tissues and normal cell lines. Upregulation of miR-193 predicted poor prognosis of TNBC patients. Overexpression of miR-193 promoted cell proliferation and invasion, while that was suppressed by the knockdown of miR-193. MiR-193 binds to the 3'-UTR of an inhibitor of growth family member 5 (ING5) mRNA to mediate the expression of ING5 in TNBC cells. The knockdown of miR-193 inhibited cell invasion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the knockdown of miR-193 suppressed cell proliferation through the ING5/phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signal pathway.MiR-193 enhanced cell invasion-mediated EMT and improved cell proliferation through the ING5/PI3K/AKT signal pathway in triple-negative breast cancer. The newly identified miR-193/ING5/PI3K/AKT axis provides novel insight into the pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer.

A hyperspectral imaging system is proposed as a method to rapidly and nondestructively predict mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) levels in FHB-infected wheat kernels. Standard normal variate transformation and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) were used in spectral preprocessing. The successive projections algorithm (SPA) and random frog algorithm were used to select the optical wavelengths. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) technique and partial least squares discriminant analysis were applied to establish different models for determining DON levels. Based on a comparison of the results, the MSC–SPA–SVM model, with the highest classification accuracy (100.00% for the training test and 97.92% for the testing set), gave the best performance, and a visualization map of the DON content level based on this model was created.

Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of a variety of chronic liver diseases. In recent years, a number of clinical studies related to cirrhosis have provided new evidence for natural history of cirrhosis, etiologic treatment and management of complications. The present article evaluates the cirrhosis-related articles in this issue and summarizes the advances of cirrhosis staging, antiviral therapy in patients with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis, drug treatment of portal hypertension, terlipressin in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites, and the management of portal vein thrombosis. The unmet needs in cirrhosis-related clinical studies are also discussed.肝硬化是多种慢性肝脏疾病的终末阶段。近年来多项肝硬化相关临床研究对肝硬化的自然史、病因治疗和一些并发症的处理提供了新的证据。现对本期杂志中相关文章内容进行总结，综述了肝硬化再代偿、丙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者抗病毒治疗、门静脉高压的药物治疗、特利加压素治疗肝硬化腹水以及肝硬化门静脉血栓的管理这几个方面的研究进展，并探讨了临床研究中未满足的需求。.

Some circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been testified to play crucial roles in the regulation of skin melanoma, including circRNA_0016418 (circ0016418). However, the regulatory mechanism of circ0016418 in skin melanoma is undiscovered.The RNA expression was examined through quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and associated-proteins levels were measured via Western blot. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used for detecting cell proliferation. Transwell assay was conducted to assess the abilities of migration and invasion. The target relation was analyzed by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay.The levels of circ0016418 and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) were up-regulated in skin melanoma tissues and cells. Knockdown of both circ0016418 and YY1 had suppressive effects on proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of skin melanoma cells. YY1 overexpression reverted the inhibitory effects on skin melanoma cells caused by circ0016418 knockdown. Circ0016418 negatively modulated microRNA-625 (miR-625) expression and miR-625 directly targeted YY1. Circ0016418 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-625 to regulate YY1 expression.Circ0016418 regulated proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of skin melanoma cells through miR-625/YY1 axis. Circ0016418 might be a useful indicator of the therapeutic strategies of skin melanoma.

Accumulating evidence showed that dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2 (CKS2) could contribute to tumor growth and metastasis of several tumors. However, its expression and function in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have not been investigated. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of CKS2 in EOC.Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of CKS2 in EOC tissues and cell lines. Then, the associations of CKS2 expression with clinicopathological features and patient's overall survival were determined. Proliferation assay flow cytometric analysis and transwell assay were performed to detect the relation between CKS2 and malignant behaviors of EOC cells. We also evaluated the expression of related proteins of the Akt/mTOR pathway to determine the associated molecular mechanism.We found that CKS2 expression was significantly up-regulated in both EOC tissues and cell lines. Clinically, high expression of CKS2 was associated with advanced FIGO stage, histological grade and shorter overall survival of EOC patients. We also found that knockdown of CKS2 suppressed proliferation, invasion, and migration of EOC cells in vitro, and CKS2 could promote EMT progress by modulating EMT-related molecules. Finally, Western blot demonstrated that down-regulation of CKS2 suppressed the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR.Our findings indicated that CKS2 might function as a tumor promoter by modulating Akt/mTOR pathway in EOC and could serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for EOC.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis and regeneration after partial hepatectomy in obstructive jaundice (OJ) rats under different drainage methods of bile acid intervention. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. An OJ rat model was established by the following protocols. Seven days after obstruction, an SD rats model with 70% partial hepatectomy was established by different drainage methods of OJ. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected from rats 72 h after surgery; 72 h after partial hepatectomy (PH), the liver regeneration rate, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the level of mitotic index (MI) in the internal biliary drainage (IBD) group were higher than those in external biliary drainage (EBD) group (P less than 0.05). Those in the EBD group were higher compared to the OJ group (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference among the IBD group, EBD+CA group and (SO) sham operation group (P0.05). Bax expressions had the same trend as AI in the five groups. The expression of Bcl-2 was increased in the IBD group and EBD+CA group, which was statistically higher compared to the SO group (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, both internal and external drainage can relieve biliary obstruction. The difference in liver regeneration caused by external drainage and internal drainage may be attributed to the destruction of bile acid enterohepatic circulation, which increases hepatocyte apoptosis and affects liver regeneration.

The rheological behavior of Polyethylene (PE) modified bitumen is investigated. It is found that a rheological plateau under high temperature presented on the curve of storage modulus (G *) variation with temperature. By the addition of little wax, the rutting resistance of bitumen/PE blend can be further improved. Moreover, the wax incorporation into bitumen/PE can significantly decrease the starting temperature of rheological plateau to accommodate the actual service temperature of bituminous pavement, making a potential application of PE/wax modified bitumen in pavement engineering. The reason for this rheological property enhancement by wax is explored in terms of phase separation structure and thermal behavior of bitumen/PE blends. Main focus is put on the relationship between PE crystallinity and rheological behavior.

Based on a precipitation time series from 49 meteorological stations in Sichuan Province during the period from 1961 to 2011, the multi-scale characteristics of precipitation variability are analyzed using the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition method (ESMD). Regional differences in variation trends and change-points were also preliminarily discussed. The results indicated that in the last 50+ years, the overall precipitation in Sichuan Province has exhibited a significant non-linear downward trend, and its changes have clearly exhibited an inter-annual scale (quasi-3 and quasi-8-year) and interdecadal scale (quasi-13-year). The variance contribution rates of each component demonstrated that the inter-annual change had a strong influence on the overall precipitation change in Sichuan Province, and the reconstructed inter-annual variation trend could describe the fluctuation state of the original precipitation during the study period. The reconstructed interdecadal variability revealed that the climate mode in Sichuan Province had divided into three distinct variation periods with 1973 and 1998 as the boundaries. Furthermore, there were regional differences in the non-linear changes and change-points of precipitation. In addition, in order to study the relations between the changing more or less of rising or decrease and meteorological station’s geographical position (latitude, longitude and elevation) i.e., the Cokriging interpolation technique is applied directly to precipitation variation trend components through ESMD decomposition. At the same time, the results also suggested that the ESMD method can effectively reveal variations in long-term precipitation sequences at different time scales and can be used for the complex diagnosis of non-linear and non-stationary signal changes.

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus] is a cross-pollinating diploid species and is one of the most important dicotyledonous plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae due to its high nutritional value, rapid growth, sweet and juicy taste, and refreshing nature as a summer fruit. However, the insertion–deletion (InDel) markers available for watermelon cannot satisfy the demand to identify and map resistance genes in this major crop. In this study, we have characterised and developed numerous polymorphic InDel markers using Illumina re-sequencing of a male parental line that is resistant to Fusarium wilt. In total, 25,701 potential InDel markers were identified, with a mean size of 18 bp. From these, 7,387 potential InDel markers > 10 bp were selected and tested as candidate InDel markers to locate resistance genes for map-based cloning and polymorphism analysis. We designed and synthesised 69 primer pairs using Primer 3 software. Overall, 54 primer pairs detected p...

Plant defensins (PDFs) are small cysteine rich peptides with potential antifungal activity. In this work, a defensin-like cDNA of 237 bp was cloned from watermelon and named Cldef2.2 (GenBank accession No. KC481268). The amino acid sequence deduced from the coding region comprised 78 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 8.65 KD and isoelectric point of 8.325. Sequence alignment showed that Cldef2.2 had high amino acid homology to known PDF proteins from other plant species and contained the highly conserved eight cysteine motif. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Cldef2.2 belongs to the Arabidopsis PDF2 cluster and is close to AtPDF2.5. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that Cldef2.2 was expressed in all the examined tissues, including leaves, roots, and stems. The highest expression level was observed in roots. We also investigated the differential expression profiles of Cldef2.2 gene in response to signalling molecules such as salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethylene or in response to Fusarium oxyporum f. sp. niveum (FON) challenge. For signalling molecules, Cldef2.2 was shown to be quickly induced by MeJA at 4 h after treatment (hat), while its response to ethylene and SA was relatively slow with the expression peaking at 48 hat. For FON challenge, Cldef2.2 showed highly responsive with mRNA accumulation peaking at 4 h after inoculation (hai).

Performing homodyne detection at one port of squeezed-state light interferometer and then binarzing measurement data are important to achieve super-resolving and super-sensitive phase measurements. Here we propose a new data-processing technique by dividing the measurement quadrature into three bins (equivalent to a multi-outcome measurement), which leads to a higher improvement in the phase resolution and the phase sensitivity under realistic experimental condition. Furthermore, we develop a new phase-estimation protocol based on a combination of the inversion estimators of each outcome and show that the estimator can saturate the Cramer-Rao lower bound, similar to asymptotically unbiased maximum likelihood estimator., Comment: 6.5 pages, 4 figures, PRA