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Background: The propagation of modern medicine in the colonies has often been described in terms of modernism and nationalism, focusing on the action-reaction conflict with colonial power, but the propagation of modem medical care and hygiene in colonial Chosun seems not to be explained by this perspective. So how can we explain this aspect? Answering this question could provide new implications for the many controversies surrounding the “colonial modern” acceptance. Methods: In order to examine the pattern of colonial acceptance of modern medicine, three cases of Britain and India, Japan and Taiwan, Japan and Chosun were set and compared, and the characteristics of colony Chosun were examined in-depth. Results: The existence of the ‘traditional medicine doctors’ who played an important role in the dissemination of public health in colonial Chosun can be explained from the understanding of the identity of Confucian intellectuals who played a role in the traditional Chosun society. Conclusion: The proliferation of modern medicine in the colonies has often been explained in terms of modernism and nationalism; however, the acceptance of a modern sanitary system in colony Chosun has been influenced by the traditional elements of the society. When considering these factors, the relationship between colonialists and the colonized society can be examined from a more interrelated perspective.

Le sanctuaire Yasukuni a été fondé à Tôkyô en 1869 par l’empereur Meiji pour célébrer la mémoire des guerriers japonais tombés au combat pour l’empereur et la patrie. Etablissement religieux chargé d’honorer les hauts faits de ces « âmes héroïques », il fut longtemps le symbole du militarisme japonais. Or, parmi les familles qui ont perdu l’un des leurs au cours de la guerre d’agression menée par le Japon en Asie, certaines ont engagé des poursuites contre l’administration du Yasukuni, afin d’obtenir que les noms de leurs proches soient radiés des listes du sanctuaire. Cet article retrace l’historique des procès engagés par ces familles, en examinant au passage les plaintes déposées contre le caractère anticonstitutionnel des visites répétées du Premier ministre Koizumi au Yasukuni. The Yasukuni shrine was founded in Tokyo in 1868 by the Emperor Meiji to celebrate the memory of Japanese warriors fallen during battles for the Emperor and the country. As religious institution devoted to honor these “brave souls”, it became the symbol of Japanese militarism. However, among the families who lost relatives during the war, some have sued the administration of Yasukuni to get the names of their relatives deleted from the lists of the shrine. This article describes the genesis of those trials and exams also the anti-constitutional nature of the repeated visits of Prime Minister Koizumi to Yasukuni.

Dès les années 1930, le Japon a organisé l’enlèvement et la déportation massive de jeunes femmes asiatiques dans les bordels militaires de campagne des territoires occupés. Or, bien que les faits aient été connus au moment du procès de Tôkyô (Tribunal militaire international pour l’Extrême-Orient), l’affaire fut largement passée sous silence, ces violences sexuelles envers les femmes n’étant pas reconnues comme des crimes de guerre à part entière. Suite à la mobilisation engagée par les survivantes coréennes et celles d’autres pays d’Asie au cours des années 1990, un tribunal d’opinion s’est tenu à Tôkyô en décembre 2000, à l’initiative de VAWW-NET (Violence Against Women in War Network), pour juger les responsables et envisager des mesures de réparation. L’article revient sur le sens de ce tribunal et dresse les perspectives à venir. Since the 1930s, Japan had organized the kidnapping and mass deportation of young Asian women into military brothels campaign in the occupied territories. Although the facts were known at the time of the Tokyo trial (the International Military Tribunal for the Far East), and trials of BC war criminals, sexual violence against women were not recognized as full war crimes, and the whole story remained was largely ignored until the coming out of Korean victims in the 1990s. Following the mobilization by those women from Korea and other Asian countries, an opinion court was held in Tokyo in December 2000, at the initiative of VAWW-NET (Violence against Women in War Network). The goal was to indict those responsible and to consider remedial measures. The article presents the meaning of the court and examines further perspectives.