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The phosphorylated 43-kDa transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) was identified as a major disease protein in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We present a case with progressive muscle weakness who was diagnosed with sporadic ALS. On postmortem examination, TDP-43 immunoreactive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions were noted in motor cortex, hippocampus and anterior horns of spinal cord, which was compatible with ALS-TDP, stage 4. This is the first documented autopsy-confirmed ALS case with ALS-TDP pathology in Korea.

Background The prevalence of anxiety in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and its association with postoperative functions are well known; however, the levels of anxiety or anxiety-related characteristics are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of clinically significant state anxiety in geriatric patients undergoing TKA for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and to evaluate the anxiety-related characteristics experienced by these patients pre- and post-operatively. Methods This retrospective observational study recruited patients who had undergone TKA for knee OA using general anesthesia between February 2020 and August 2021. The study participants were geriatric patients older than 65 years who had moderate or severe OA. We evaluated patient characteristics including age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. We assessed their levels of anxiety status using the STAI-X which comprises 20-item scales. Clinically meaningful state anxiety was defined as a total score of 52 or higher. An independent Student’s t-test was used to determine differences of STAI score between subgroups in terms of patient characteristics. And patients were asked to complete questionnaires, which assessed four areas: (1) the main cause of anxiety; (2) the most helpful factor in overcoming anxiety before surgery; (3) the most helpful factor in reducing anxiety after surgery; and (4) the most anxious moment during the entire process. Results The mean STAI score of patients who underwent TKA was 43.0 points and 16.4% of patients experienced clinically significant state anxiety. The current smoking status affect STAI score and the proportion of patients with clinically meaningful state anxiety. The most common cause of preoperative anxiety was the surgery itself. Overall, 38% of patients reported that they experienced the greatest level of anxiety when the surgeon had recommended TKA in the outpatient clinic. The trust in the medical staff before surgery and the surgeon’s explanations after surgery helped the most in reducing anxiety. Conclusions One in six patients before TKA experience clinically meaningful state anxiety, and about 40% of patients experience anxiety from the time they are recommended for surgery. Patients tended to overcome anxiety before TKA through trust in the medical staff, and the surgeon’s explanations after surgery was found to be helpful in reducing anxiety.

Bipolar electrodialysis was used in a process of desalting a lithium sulfate solution, converting it to lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, and concentrating and recovering them. The effects of the experimental variables such as applied voltage, the concentration of electrode solution, the concentration of raw material solution, volume ratio, and impurity were confirmed. The optimum conditions were investigated by comparing the conversion(%) of lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, the process time, and energy consumption. As the applied voltage was increased, the energy consumption tended to increase, but the processing time decreased significantly. As the concentration of lithium sulfate in the raw material solution increased, the conversion(%) of lithium hydroxide decreased. As the concentration of lithium sulfate increased, the energy consumption did not increase linearly, and energy consumption increased significantly. When a raw material solution of 0.5 M Li2SO4 or more is used in the bipolar electrodialysis process, an applied voltage of 25 V is preferable. As the applied voltage increased at a constant process time, the conversion(%) of LiOH and H2SO4 increased. Regarding the effect of the electrode solution concentration, when a 5.0 wt% electrode solution was used rather than a 3.0 wt% electrode solution, energy consumption decreased by more than 10%. When the volume of the raw material solution was increased, the processing time required for desalting increased. By using a low concentration raw material solution, it was confirmed that it was simultaneously possible to recover and concentrate lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid through volume ratio control. When the raw material solution contained Na as an impurity, it was converted to NaOH with a surface LiOH, and it was not possible to separate the lithium and sodium.

Precision medicine refers to the tailoring of individual therapeutics based on each patient’s genetic, phenotypic, and clinical characteristics, therefore seeking the most effective treatment for the patient. With recent advances in genome sequencing technology, it was anticipated that identifying specific genetic alterations would contribute greatly to the realization of precision medicine. However, most cancer patients do not benefit from genomic precision medicine, as shown in recent Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)-driven clinical trials. Functional precision medicine directly uses patient tumor cells to test their ex vivo responses to diverse drugs to predict the most effective drugs. Functional precision medicine is emerging because it provides immediate translatable information to select drugs among clinically available therapeutics. AVATASCAN®, developed by Samsung Medical Center and AimedBio Inc., is a robust and accurate high throughput functional precision medicine platform with more than 1,500 historical sample data. AVATASCAN® has tested more than 1,500 cancer patient samples across 14 different tumor types, including glioblastoma, lung, colorectal, stomach and breast cancers. We achieved a tissue culture success rate and a drug screening success rate of more than 90% in most tumor types. A retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes of patients given matched drugs demonstrated actual complete/partial response in 85% of AVATASCAN® screening responders. Recognizing its potential for clinical application, AVATASCAN® was selected as one of the datasets referenced by the pediatric tumor board at Seoul National University Hospital for clinical decision-making. Furthermore, AVATASCAN® is now available in Singapore and Thailand as an early-access, premium precision medicine service. Overall, we present compelling evidence that AVATASCAN® is a valuable platform for personalized cancer therapy. Therefore, we are moving forward to adopt and expand this platform in clinical applications. Citation Format: Nam-Gu Her, Gi Ju Lee, Seung Yoon Hyun, San Ha Park, Jae Woo Ahn, Ji Soo Kang, Hong Boon Toh, Do-Hyun Nam. AVATASCAN®, a pioneer of functional precision medicine in guiding clinical decision-making [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3410.

Polymeric porous membranes are important in the protective textile industry because of their high breathability balanced with water resistivity. Developing the membranes which display balanced and optimized properties has proven to be a great challenge. Final membrane performance is dependent on fundamental parameters including membrane thickness, aging temperature, and adhesive aging temperature and time. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of these parameters on porous membrane morphology and performance. Using a scanning electron microscope, we analyzed membrane thickness impacts on morphology and pore size. We also investigated physical performance such as water pressure, water vapor permeability, and resistance to evaporating heat transfer (RET). We used the Kawabata evaluation system to evaluate the hand values based on quality according to customer choice. However, good mechanical, physical, and aesthetic performance of laminated textile suggest it as a promising substitute for numerous potential applications, especially as outdoor functional protective clothing.

Cupriavidus necator H16 is a gram-negative chemolithoautotrophic bacterium that has been extensively studied for biosynthesis and biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) plastics. To improve our understanding of fatty acid metabolism for PHA production, we determined the crystal structure of multi-functional enoyl-CoA hydratase from Cupriavidus necator H16 (CnFadB). The predicted model of CnFadB created by AlphaFold was used to solve the phase problem during determination of the crystal structure of the protein. The CnFadB structure consists of two distinctive domains, an N-terminal enol-CoA hydratase (ECH) domain and a C-terminal 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) domain, and the substrate- and cofactor-binding modes of these two functional domains were identified. Unlike other known FadB enzymes that exist as dimers complexed with FadA, CnFadB functions as a monomer without forming a complex with CnFadA. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurement further proved that CnFadB exists as a monomer in solution. The non-sequential action of FadA and FadB in C. necator appears to affect β-oxidation and PHA synthesis/degradation.

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disease characterized by various combinations of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, autonomic dysfunction and pyramidal signs. Two clinical subtypes are recognized: MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C) and MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P). The aim of this study was to compare pathological features between MSA-C and MSA-P.Methods: Two autopsy confirmed cases with MSA were included from the Pusan National University Hospital Brain Bank. Case 1 had been clinically diagnosed as MSA-C and case 2 as MSA-P. The severity of neuronal loss and gliosis as well as the glial and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions were semiquantitatively assessed in both striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar regions. Based on the grading system, pathological phenotypes of MSA were classified as striatonigral degeneration (SND) predominant (SND type), olivopontocerebellar degeneration (OPC) predominant (OPC type), or equivalent SND and OPC pathology (SND=OPC type).Results: Both cases showed widespread and abundant α-synuclein positive glial cytoplasmic inclusions in association with neurodegenerative changes in striatonigral or olivopontocerebellar structures, leading to the primary pathological diagnosis of MSA. Primary age-related tauopathy was incidentally found but Lewy bodies were not in both cases. The pathological phenotypes of MSA were MSA-OPC type in case 1 and MSA-SND=OPC type in case 2.Conclusions: Our data suggest that clinical phenotypes of MSA reflect the pathological characteristics.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) are the 2 main Alzheimer disease amyloid biomarkers that have been validated in neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer disease cases. Although many studies have shown concordance of amyloid positivity or negativity between CSF Aβ1-42 and amyloid PET, several studies also reported discrepancies between these 2 Aβ biomarkers. We conducted a comparison of CSF Aβ1-42 level, amyloid PET, and autopsy findings in a case with progressive supranuclear palsy in which biomarker acquisition and postmortem pathologic examination were conducted almost at the same time. Our case with antemortem CSF Aβ1-42 (+)/amyloid PET (-) who was pathologically confirmed with Aβ pathology in the cerebral cortex may indicate CSF Aβ1-42 is more sensitive for assessing in vivo Aβ than amyloid PET.

The demand for functional membranes with balanced waterproofness and with good water vapor transmission in wearable applications is increasing by the day. However, their low wear resistance, low moisture tolerance, complicated fabrication procedures, and high health risk limit their outdoor use. In this study, we fabricated a waterproof and breathable polyurethane porous membrane for a membrane outside/fabric inside wearable fabric through an effective and facile dry process called evaporation induced phase separation. The matrix of the polyurethane membrane was mainly modified by water droplets and diisocyanate crosslinking agents, which allow the resultant membrane to be porous and durable. The water vapor transmission of the polyurethane water in oil emulsion was efficiently enhanced by introducing a porous network incorporated with tiny water droplets in the polyurethane emulsion. The optimization method for the emulsion allowed the waterproof, breathable porous membrane to sustain a tensile load of 35 MPa with an abrasion resistance of 15,000 cycles. Notably, the optimized porous membrane tended to exhibit a high hydrostatic pressure of 3500 mmH2O, good breathability of 3000 g/m2 day, and excellent porosity of 65%, which suggests that evaporation induced phase separation is a facile method for designing the membrane. These promising results show that the waterproof and breathable porous membrane can compete with commercially available protective membranes and coatings because of its porosity, facile synthesis, low cost, non-swelling behavior, high stability, and commercial scale production.

In metabolic engineering and synthetic biology fields, there have been efforts to produce variable bioalcohol fuels, such as isobutanol and 2-phenylethanol, in order to meet industrial demands. YjgB is an aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli that shows nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)-dependent broad selectivity for aldehyde derivatives with an aromatic ring or small aliphatic chain. This could contribute to the design of industrial synthetic pathways. We determined the crystal structures of YjgB for both its apo-form and NADP-complexed form at resolutions of 1.55 and 2.00 Å, respectively, in order to understand the mechanism of broad substrate selectivity. The hydrophobic pocket of the active site and the nicotinamide ring of NADP(H) are both involved in conferring its broad specificity toward aldehyde substrates. In addition, based on docking-simulation data, we inferred that π–π stacking between substrates and aromatic side chains might play a crucial role in recognizing substrates. Our structural analysis of YjgB might provide insights into establishing frameworks to understand its broad substrate specificity and develop engineered enzymes for industrial biofuel synthesis.

Objective The Korean patient with Perry syndrome (PS) was the first to come to autopsy. We report a pathologically confirmed patient with PS, and compare to pathological findings of previous literatures. Materials and methods The patient had a family history of parkinsonism and had a mutation in the DCTN1 gene. After death an autopsy was performed. We analyzed macroscopic and microscopic findings of the patient. Results There was no prominent cortical atrophy, but microscopy showed severe neuronal loss, microvacuolation, and gliosis in the substantia nigra (SN). We identified transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, dystrophic neurites, and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in surviving SN neurons. In addition, some neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were also seen in the parahippocampal gyrus. Conclusion The neuropathology, including TDP-43 proteinopathy, is comparable to that reported previously in Caucasian populations. In addition to the stereotypic features of PS, our patient had NFTs in the parahippocampal gyrus, the pathology similar to that is described as primary age-related tauopathy (PART). These observations suggest that comorbid age-related neuropathologic change may also contribute to cognitive impairment in PS.

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a typical phenotype of corticobasal degeneration (CBD). However, autopsy series have shown that many CBS cases emerge from various types of non-CBD pathology. We report a 73-year-old Korean man who was clinically diagnosed with CBS whose underlying pathology was Alzheimer's disease (AD) at autopsy (CBS-AD). This case suggests that early developing memory impairment and myoclonus, severe temporoparietal atrophy, and visual hallucinations may support a more specific prediction of CBS-AD.

It has been proposed that susceptibility-weighted imaging is a sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for identifying white matter (WM) pathologic changes involving demyelination and iron accumulation. We identified the tree silhouette-like configuration with a paramagnetic phase shift in the frontal subcortical WM lesions of 4 patients with adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia who underwent 3T MRI. According to our postmortem 7T MRI and histologic correlation study to investigate the origin of the susceptibility-related phase contrast, changes in the subcortical WM architecture and central WM loss with the relative preservation of iron-rich U-fibers may contribute to the paramagnetic susceptibility.

Histone methyltransferase MLL4 is centrally involved in transcriptional regulation and is often mutated in human diseases, including cancer and developmental disorders. MLL4 contains a catalytic SET domain that mono-methylates histone H3K4 and seven PHD fingers of unclear function. Here, we identify the PHD6 finger of MLL4 (MLL4-PHD6) as a selective reader of the epigenetic modification H4K16ac. The solution NMR structure of MLL4-PHD6 in complex with a H4K16ac peptide along with binding and mutational analyses reveal unique mechanistic features underlying recognition of H4K16ac. Genomic studies show that one third of MLL4 chromatin binding sites overlap with H4K16ac-enriched regions in vivo and that MLL4 occupancy in a set of genomic targets depends on the acetyltransferase activity of MOF, a H4K16ac-specific acetyltransferase. The recognition of H4K16ac is conserved in the PHD7 finger of paralogous MLL3. Together, our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized acetyllysine reader and suggest that selective targeting of H4K16ac by MLL4 provides a direct functional link between MLL4, MOF and H4K16 acetylation., Histone methyltransferase MLL4 is a transcriptional regulator. Here the authors identify the PHD6 finger of MLL4 as a selective reader of the epigenetic modification H4K16ac and show that a subset of MLL4 chromatin binding sites overlap with H4K16ac-enriched regions, which depends on MOF activity.

This paper presents the technology and implementation results of manipulating the MAC and IP Address of the transmitting side in MCU(Microcontroller Unit), when data communication with remote APs is performed on CC3220 Wi-Fi module associated with STM32 MCU. Because the existing packet sending and receiving process also changes in the CRC as MAC and IP change, CRC checksum errors occur when MAC and IP are manipulated. The method presented in this paper reduces the resources required for computations to match the CRC checksum in the transmission and reception environment between MCU and external AP, and it also allows the sending-receiving and exchanging data with minimal manipulation.

In this paper, we propose an additional data transferring SPI synchronization method to increase efficiency when data transferring between MCUs.In the MCU of the Wi-Fi module, when the size of data to be transmitted or received exceeds a predetermined size, data is transmitted in an inefficient manner. Therefore, if the size of the network increases or the number of devices to communicate increases, the data transmission rate becomes more and more inefficient. Also, since a data loss occurs depending on a situation, a method of preventing data loss is needed.Therefore, we propose an additional data transferring SPI synchronization method that checks total length of the data to be transmitted, efficiently transmits data according to the data size, and prevents data loss.The additional data transferring SPI synchronization method transmits data more efficiently than the existing data transmission method, increases the data transmission speed, and prevents data loss to ensure integrity of data.

Summary Microrchidia 3 (MORC3), a human ATPase linked to several autoimmune disorders, has been characterized both as a negative and positive regulator of influenza A virus. Here, we report that the CW domain of MORC3 (MORC3-CW) is targeted by the C-terminal tail of the influenza H3N2 protein NS1. The crystal structure of the MORC3-CW:NS1 complex shows that NS1 occupies the same binding site in CW that is normally occupied by histone H3, a physiological ligand of MORC3-CW. Comparable binding affinities of MORC3-CW to H3 and NS1 peptides and to the adjacent catalytic ATPase domain suggest that the viral protein can compete with the host histone for the association with CW, releasing MORC3 autoinhibition and activating the catalytic function of MORC3. Our structural, biochemical, and cellular analyses suggest that MORC3 might affect the infectivity of influenza virus and therefore has a role in cell immune response.

MORC3 is linked to inflammatory myopathies and cancer, however the precise role of MORC3 in normal cell physiology and disease remains poorly understood. Here, we present detailed genetic, biochemical, and structural analyses of MORC3. We demonstrate that MORC3 is significantly upregulated in Down syndrome, and that genetic abnormalities in MORC3 are associated with cancer. The CW domain of MORC3 binds to the methylated histone H3K4 tail, and this interaction is essential for the recruitment of MORC3 to chromatin and accumulation in nuclear bodies. We show that MORC3 possesses intrinsic ATPase activity that requires DNA however is negatively regulated by CW, which interacts with the ATPase domain. Natively linked CW impedes binding of the ATPase domain to DNA, resulting in a decrease in the DNA-stimulated enzymatic activity. Collectively, our studies provide a molecular framework detailing newly identified functions of MORC3 and suggest that its modulation may contribute to human disease.

Nd2Fe14B hard phase magnetic nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a chemical synthesis route followed by a reduction and diffusion process without consuming a large amount of energy. Nd(acac)3·xH2O, Fe(acac)3 and (C2H5)3NBH3 were used as precursors and CaH2 was used as a reducing agent for the reduction and diffusion process. The crystal structure and composition of the resultant Nd–Fe–B nanoparticles were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. The overall morphology and magnetic properties of the final products were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) at 300 K. The effect of the relative quantity of CaH2 on the magnetic properties of the final products was studied in detail with different weight ratios of CaH2 to the preliminary reduced metal oxide powders, using high resolution TEM (HRTEM), XRD and VSM measurements. The different mechanisms of the reduction and diffusion process with different amounts of CaH2 were comparatively studied. An insufficient amount of CaH2 resulted in the presence of residual unreduced metal oxide powders, decreasing the magnetic coercivity. On the other hand, an excessive amount of CaH2 caused H2 gas to be evolved during the washing process with water, resulting in hydrogenation of the Nd2Fe14B to produce Nd2Fe14BHx. The relative amount of CaH2 had a critical effect on the magnetic properties of the prepared Nd2Fe14B-nanoparticles.

Psoriasis is present in all racial groups, but in varying frequencies and severity. Considering that small plaque psoriasis is specific to the Asian population and severe psoriasis is more predominant in the Western population, we defined Asian small and intermediate plaque psoriasis as psoriasis subtypes and compared their molecular signatures with the classic subtype of Western large plaque psoriasis. Two different characteristics of psoriatic spreading—vertical growth and radial expansion—were contrasted between subtypes, and genomic data were correlated to histologic and clinical measurements. Compared with Western large plaque psoriasis, Asian small plaque psoriasis revealed limited psoriasis spreading, but IL-17A and IL-17-regulated proinflammatory cytokines were highly expressed. Paradoxically, IL-17A and IL-17-regulated proinflammatory cytokines were lower in Western large plaque psoriasis, whereas T cells and dendritic cells in total psoriatic skin area were exponentially increased. Negative immune regulators, such as CD69 and FAS, were decreased in both Western large plaque psoriasis and psoriasis with accompanying arthritis or obesity, and their expression was correlated with psoriasis severity index. Based on the disease subtype comparisons, we propose that dysregulation of T-cell expansion enabled by downregulation of immune negative regulators is the main mechanism for development of large plaque psoriasis subtypes.

The objective of this paper is to develop a realistic numerical model for ice–pre swirl stator (PSS) structure interaction problem under collision circumstance. PSS structure has been installed in front of a propeller of oil carrier or container vessel operating non-arctic region in order to increase efficiency of propulsion system, which was designed by Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME). Recently, according to increase of port traffic in arctic region, it is being anticipated that market of PSS installed vessel operating in arctic region will be extended to pursue raised ship’s efficiency but in strength point of view, quantified assessment for dynamic interaction between PSS and sea ice is not specified in any design codes or classification rules. This standpoint will be led to an increased demand for the safe structural design of arctic vessel’s PSS structure subject to collision with sea ice. In this study, DSME’s PSS structure design will be introduced and five types of numerical model to represent ice crushing behavior which were well-known though previous study will be investigated. The parameters of each material model of ice will be defined and more realistic numerical model for ice will be proposed through comparison study with experimental results. After that, the results of numerical simulations for a collision between PSS and sea ice with five numerical models using LS-DYNA software will be represented. In here, dynamic responses of PSS and failure behaviors of each ice model at each load case will be thoroughly evaluated. Collision loading scenarios and ice dimension were properly assumed based on polar class rule for propeller-sea ice interaction. Consequently, simplified analytic method and proper numerical model for ice corresponding to PSS-sea ice collision simulation will be proposed and discussed, respectively.

This paper proposes a method of implementing a NIC (Network Interface Card) capable of data processing at 40Gbps. Recently, technologies such as cloud services, mobile, and big data have been developed and more and more traffic is increasing. Therefore, network equipment capable of processing such traffic at high speed is attracting attention. We developed a network card based on the TILE-Gx36 processor, which made it possible to process data at high speed. As a result of our experiments, we confirmed that data transmission and reception are working normally at 40Gbps.

Cloud computing is becoming more important in Software Defined Networking (SDN) / Network Function Virtualization (NFV). Virtual Machine (VM) and various services require higher performance servers. Accordingly, the performance of the server also requires high capacity and high performance. As the performance of hardware increases, it is required to increase the speed in the data plane area. In order to increase the speed of the data plane area, it is necessary to adjust the core affinity for each flow. When passing through the kernel, the kernel performs packet header parsing, which is overhead in terms of speed. Therefore we propose a data plane acceleration technology with load distribution of multicore (28 core) based Network Interface Card (NIC) in the test environment that delivers packets at 20 Gbps.

A basic study was conducted to effectively recover nitric acid from a waste solder stripper by diffusion dialysis using anion exchange membranes. The effects of flow rate, flux ratio, nitrate concentration, and metallic ion types and concentration on the recovery percentage of nitric acid were investigated. The recovery percentage of nitric acid was decreased with the increase of flow velocity. But the recovery percentage of nitric acid was increased as the increase of flux ratio(W/F) and showing a recovery percentage of nitric acid of about 99% at a flux ratio of 1.5 or more. As the increase of nitric acid concentration in feed solution, the recovery percentage of nitric acid was increased up to 3.0M, but in case of greater than 3.0M, the recovery percentage gradually was decreased. Leakage percentage of metallic ions through the membrane were in the order of Pb, Na and Cu but Fe and Sn did not leakaged. As a result of diffusion dialysis using real waste solder stripper at a flow rate of , W/F = 1.3, a recovery percentage of nitric acid of approximately 94% was gained.

The γ-carotenoids, such as myxol and saproxanthin, have a high potential to be utilized in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries for their neuro-protective and antioxidant effects. CrtD is involved in the production of γ-carotenoids by desaturating the C3′–C4′ position of 1′-OH-γ-carotenoid. We determined the crystal structure of CrtD from Nonlabens dokdonensis DSW-6 ( Nd CrtD), the first structure of CrtD family enzymes. The Nd CrtD structure was composed of two distinct domains, an FAD-binding domain and a substrate-binding domain, and the substrate-binding domain can be divided into two subdomains, a Rossmann fold-like subdomain and a lid subdomain. Although the FAD-binding domain showed a structure similar to canonical FAD-containing enzymes, the substrate-binding domain exhibited a novel structure to constitute a long and hydrophobic tunnel with a length of ∼40 A. The molecular docking-simulation reveals that the tunnel provides an appropriate substrate-binding site for the carotenoid such as 1′-OH-γ-carotene with a length of ∼35 A. We could predict residues related to recognize the 1′-hydroxyl group and to stabilize the hydrophobic end without hydroxyl group. Moreover, we suggest that the flexible entrance loop may undergo an open–closed formational change during the binding of the substrate.

A 63-year-old man presented with a 1.5-year history of progressive personality changes. Clinical evaluations revealed severe frontal dysfunction and bilateral frontal atrophy/glucose hypometabolism. He was diagnosed as probable behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. He continued to decline, and died at the age of 66. At autopsy, numerous tau-positive gilial threads and coiled bodies were observed in the white matter. Tau-positive astrocytic plaques and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions were also seen in cerebral cortices, which were compatible with corticobasal degeneration. J Korean Neurol Assoc 33(3):178-182, 2015

Eun-Joo Kim, MD, Eun-Hye Oh, MD, Ki-Tae Kim, MD, Yoori Jung, MD, Jeong Hee Lee, MD, Jae-Hyeok Lee, MD, Young Min Lee, MD, Seong-Jang Kim, MD, Jin-Hong-Shin, MD, Myung-Jun Shin, MD, Myung Jun Lee, MD, Jae Woo Ahn, MD, Suk Sung, MD, Kyung-Un Choi, MD, Dae Soo Jung, MD, William W. Seeley, MD, Gi Yeong Huh, MD Departments of Neurology, Pathology, Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine, Anatomy, and Forensic Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA

In order to recover tin from the waste tin plating solution, we used the ion exchange method using three types of ion exchangeresins. The ion exchange resin with tertiary functional group(Lewatit TP 272) has not adsorption ratio of tin. The ion exchangeresin with iminodiacetic functional group(Lewatit TP 207) has high adsorption ratio of tin, but impurity content in the recoveredtin solution was relatively high. Whereas, in case of the ion exchange resin with functional group of ethylhexyl-phos-phate(Lewatit VP OC 1026), adsorption ratio of tin was less than that of Lewatit TP 207. However, it was possible to removeimpurities in the recovered tin solution by controlling the pH of the solution. High purity tin solution can be recovered by remov-ing the organic materials with water washing process. Key words : Ion exchange resin, tin, recovery, waste plating solution 1. 서론 주석은 LED TV, 합금재료, 도금재료, 전기 및 전자제품의 필수 소재로 사용되는 금속으로 차세대 핵심소재로 부각되면서 수요도 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 그러나주석 자원의 경우 동남아 등 일부 국가에만 편중되어

A study has been made on the recovery & separation of cobalt and copper from organic acid leaching solution by solventextraction. The experimental parameters such as the equilibrium pH, concentration of extractant and phase ratio were observed.Copper was extracted using LIX 84 and Cobalt was extracted using cyanex 272 and versatic acid 10. Experimental resultsshowed that extraction percent of copper was 99% at above eq. pH 2.0 and then more than 90% of cobalt were extracted bycyanex 272 in eq. pH 6.0 and versatic acid 10 in eq. pH 7.5. Stripping of copper and cobalt from the loaded organic phases canbe accomplished by sulfuric acid as a stripping reagent and 120 ~ 150 g/L of H 2 SO 4 was effective for the stripping of copperand cobalt respectively. Finially, the basic optimal process for recovery of copper and cobalt from the bio-leaching solution wasproposed. Key words : Solvent extraction, Copper, Cobalt, Separation, Organic acid · Received : December 26, 2014 · Revised : February 28, 2015 · Accepted : March 23, 2015Corresponding Author : Jae Woo Ahn (E-mail : jwahn@daejin.ac.kr)Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Daejin University, Hoguk-ro 1007, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 487-711, Korea ⓒThe Korean Institute of Resources Recycling. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the termsof the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permitsunrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The tin metal could be retractable from wasted tin scrap, sludge, and wasted electroplated solution hydrometallurgical treatment, and purification process. In order to be used as resource of electronic devices, the retracted crude metal should be purified to the extent of higher than 99.9%. In this study, tin electro-refining process was performed to purify the casted tin crude metal at various experimental conditions: at the current density of 3, 5A/dm2, and in various electrolytes such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and methansulfonic acid. Additional experiment was conducted using Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) in order to investigate the rate determining step of tin electro-refining process. The current efficiency, 65.6%, was achievable at the condition of current density, 5A/dm2, and in the electrolyte of Hydrochloric acid. During tin electro-refining process, impurity dissolved from tin crude metal into the electrolyte was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), and the result showed the concentration of impurity metal gradually increased. Quantitative analysis on casted tin crude metal showed that it consists of tin with 93.9 wt.% and several impurity metals of Ag, Bi, Pb, Cu, and etc. After tin electro-refining process, the purity of tin increased up to 99.985 wt.%.

The high pure tin production was conducted from crude-tin containing waste solder by electro-refining process. The electro-refining process maintained at 0.2V produced tin with purity of 99.98%, whereas a little increase of voltage to 0.3 V resulted tin purity of 99.92%. The high pure tin of 3N in the present process was produced by fixing the voltage at 0.3V. Considering the high pure tin production, the current density was maintained within with current efficiency of 94%. Addition of sulfuric acid of 20 ~ 25 g/L to the electrolyte solution was performed in order to keep Pb (lead) concentration below 100 mg/L in the final tin product. The anode slime generated during electro refining process was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study to understand the phases of impurities in it. It detected the presence of Cu and Ag in the slime as in the form of , , whereas Pb occurred as compound.