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Introduction: The Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) is a part of the palmar the forearm muscle group and one of the most important muscles for upper limb functioning - is responsible for flexion and adduc­tion of the hand at the radio-carpal joint. There are clinically significant but rare anatomical variations of FCU. The variability of the FCU has not been described up to now, and no typology of the muscle based on its more variable terminal attachment has been created. Aim of the study: Determination of FCU muscle typology based on available fetal material. Material and methods: A total of 114 human fetuses (53 female, 61 male) between 117 and 197 days of fetal life were eligible for the study. Preparations were carried out using classical anatomical techniques based on a previously published procedure. Thanks to that significant anthropometric landmarks were vis­ible for the gathering of metric measurements. Metric measurements were taken and statistically analysed using R-Project software. Results: A new typology was created based on variable muscle insertions. Additionally, the presence of an atypically located, additional, separated muscle belly was described. A comparison of measurements of the left upper limb in relation to the right upper limb showed significant differences for forearm length to the anthropometric point of the stylion radiale, limb length, total FCU length and FCU length which means that the left limb is longer than the right limb. A comparison of FCU insertion types between left and right upper limb showed there’s no significant difference between counts of each type. Conclusion: The FCU is a muscle that is easy to palpate and may therefore act as a topographical marker for healthcare professionals. Knowledge of its variability is not only of theoretical importance but also has clinical sig­nificance. The current publication demonstrates presence of variability in FCU terminal attachment. Certainly, this topic requires further research and continued work on a detailed understanding of forearm anatomy in the fetal period.

Classifying handwriting samples according to their type (i.e. natural, disguised, traced, simulated or unintentionally unnatural) is an important task in handwriting analysis. It may facilitate the collection of writing standards and also help experts to assess the differences between questioned material and comparative samples or to choose the best writing features and the most relevant examination protocol for the case. Current research aimed to create a method for classifying the type of a handwriting sample using discriminant analysis. Five basic types (i.e. natural, disguised, traced, simulated and unintentionally unnatural) and some subtypes were included in this study. Participants (N = 139) wrote their full signatures, fictional signatures or a short sentence. Motor and dimensional features were assessed. The methods proved to be more than twice as accurate in classifying samples according to their type than a random choice probability (e.g. 44% as opposed to 17% for the 6-types classifier). This proof-of-a-concept study demonstrates that handwriting samples may be classified according to their type with satisfying accuracy based on their writing features and statistical tools of discriminant analysis. However, further studies are necessary to improve the accuracy of the method.

Purpose We have previously shown that TRDMT1 methyltransferase is a regulator of chemotherapy-associated responses in glioblastoma cells. Despite the fact that glioblastoma, a common and malignant brain tumor, is widely characterized in terms of genetic and epigenetic markers, there are no data on TRDMT1-related changes in 5-methylcytosine pools in the genome. In the present study, the effect of TRDMT1 gene knockout (KO) on DNA methylome was analyzed. Methods CRISPR-based approach was used to obtain TRDMT1 KO glioblastoma cells. Total 5-methylcytosine levels in DNA, DNMT1 pools and DNMT activity were studied using ELISA. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) was considered to comprehensively evaluate DNA methylome in glioblastoma cells with TRDMT1 KO. Results TRDMT1 KO cells were characterized by decreased levels of total 5-methylcytosine in DNA and DNMT1, and DNMT activity. RRBS-based methylome analysis revealed statistically significant differences in methylation-relevant DMS-linked genes in control cells compared to TRDMT1 KO cells. TRDMT1 KO-associated changes in DNA methylome may affect the activity of several processes and pathways such as telomere maintenance, cell cycle and longevity regulating pathway, proteostasis, DNA and RNA biology. Conclusions TRDMT1 may be suggested as a novel modulator of gene expression by changes in DNA methylome that may affect cancer cell fates during chemotherapy. We postulate that the levels and mutation status of TRDMT1 should be considered as a prognostic marker and carefully monitored during glioblastoma progression.

WstępZaburzenia odżywiania to dynamicznie rozwijająca się grupa zaburzeń psychicznych. Charakteryzują się patologicznym sposobem przyjmowania pokarmu oraz zaburzeniami w odczuwaniu głodu i sytości. W obrazie klinicznym dominują destrukcyjne zachowania żywieniowe, nieprawidłowy obraz własnego ciała oraz obsesja dotycząca kontrolowania masy ciała. Celem pracy była ocena wiedzy na temat jadłowstrętu psychicznego (anorexia nervosa – AN) i żarłoczności psychicznej (bulimia nervosa – BN) wśród studentów wybranych kierunków studiów.Materiał i metodyGrupę respondentów stanowili studenci kierunków lekarskiego, lekarsko-dentystycznego, dietetyki i psychologii. Badaniem kwestionariuszowym objęto 955 respondentów (799 kobiet oraz 156 mężczyzn). W analizach statystycznych przyjęto poziom prawdopodobieństwa 0,05.WynikiPonad 85% badanych prawidłowo wskazało definicję AN i BN. Wiedza na temat czynników ryzyka, powikłań czy kryterium diagnostycznego tych schorzeń wahała się w zakresie 20–60%. Największą wiedzę posiadali studenci kierunków lekarskiego oraz psychologii. Respondenci, którzy chorowali w przeszłości na zaburzenia odżywiania, posiadali większą wiedzę niż osoby nigdy na nie niechorujące.WnioskiWiedza na temat zaburzeń odżywiania wśród studentów kierunków lekarskiego, lekarsko-dentystycznego, dietetyki oraz psychologii jest wybiórcza i niewystarczająca do pracy z pacjentami chorującymi na zaburzenia odżywiania. Sugeruje to konieczność stałej edukacji w badanym aspekcie.

Identifying the source of seafood is critical for combatting seafood fraud, but current tools are predominantly developed and applied on a species-specific basis. This study investigates how multiple marine taxa could be geolocated at global scales by exploiting stable oxygen isotope compositions in carbonate biominerals (δ 18O biomin), where we expect to see universally expressed and predictable spatial variation in δ 18O biomin values across taxa. We constructed global ocean isoscapes of predicted δ 18O biomin values specific to fish (otoliths), cephalopod (statoliths) and shellfish (shells), and a fourth combined “universal” isoscape, and evaluated their capacity to derive δ 18O biomin values among known-origin samples. High correspondence between isoscape-predicted δ 18O biomin values and a compiled database of measured, georeferenced values (3954 datapoints encompassing 68 species) indicated that this δ 18O biomin approach works effectively, particularly in regions with highly resolved projections of seawater δ 18O composition. When compared to taxon-specific isoscapes, the universal isoscape demonstrated similar accuracy, indicating exciting potential for universal provenance applications. We tested the universal framework via a case study, using machine-learning models to identify sample origins amongst regions of divergent (Tropical Asia vs Temperate Australasia) and similar (Temperate Asia vs Temperate Australasia) climates and latitudes. Classification accuracy averaged 75.3% between divergent regions, and 66% between similar regions. When endothermic tuna species were excluded from the analysis, the accuracy between divergent regions increased up to 90% between divergent regions. This study presents the first empirical step towards developing universal chemical markers, which have the potential to support a more inclusive and global approach of validating provenance of seafood.

Background. Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) is an instructional method in which students work together in a cooperative framework, jointly construct a model of text and come to its potential meaning through discussions. Purpose. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group research design was used to examine the effects of cooperative grouping within the framework of CSR, with the aim of determining whether cooperative grouping is effective in developing EFL students’ reading skills. Method. The response variables included the students’ scores on questions testing Vocabulary, Factual Information, Prose Summary, Sentence Simplification, Reference Question and Insert text, whereas the explanatory variable was group membership (+/- cooperative), measured across three testing times (the beginning, middle and the end of the experimental intervention). Results. The results indicate that the students exposed to CSR within cooperative groups significantly developed those reading skills which focus on the comprehension of global information – prose summary, insert text and reference question. A possible explanation is that, in order to answer these questions, readers must approach the text in a holistic manner and focus on its main ideas, which seems to be facilitated by discussions in heterogeneous teams and negotiations of meaning resulting from those discussions. Conclusion. The main pedagogical implication of the results concerns the need for introducing cooperative grouping as an alternative to a typical university-level foreign language classroom, allowing teachers to organize an effective, interactive context for reading academic texts in English.

New methods for evaluating cervid carcasses without the need to divide them into primal cuts are constantly being sought. A possible solution could be the use of indirect methods based on correlations between carcass parameters and regression equations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the carcasses of farmed males of sika deer, and to determine the relationships between their parameters. The analyzed carcass parameters were found to be closely correlated. The regression equations derived in the study can be used to predict the weights of individual carcass cuts and, in the future, to facilitate carcass classification and grading.

Artykuł dotyczy pracy ponadwymiarowej w zatrudnieniu niepełnoetatowym. Problematykę tę reguluje art. 151 § 5 k.p., zgodnie z którym strony ustalają w umowie o pracę dopuszczalną liczbę godzin pracy ponad określony w umowie wymiar czasu pracy pracownika zatrudnionego w niepełnym wymiarze czasu pracy, których przekroczenie uprawnia pracownika, oprócz normalnego wynagrodzenia, do dodatku do wynagrodzenia jak za nadgodziny. Przytoczona regulacja nie jest kompleksowa i jednoznaczna, co w konsekwencji przyczynia się do powstawania sporów interpretacyjnych, które z kolei wpływają niekorzystnie na praktykę stosowania zatrudnienia niepełnoetatowego. W związku z tym w opracowaniu proponuje się wprowadzenie zmian do art. 151 § 5 k.p. – z jednej strony całkowite uniezależnienie prawa do dodatku za pracę ponadwymiarową od woli stron stosunku pracy poprzez wprowadzenie przepisu wyraźnie przewidującego, że pracownik zatrudniony w niepełnym wymiarze czasu pracy ma prawo do dodatku za każdą godzinę pracy ponadwymiarowej, z drugiej strony natomiast – nałożenie na pracownika i pracodawcę obowiązku ustalenia w umowie o pracę maksymalnej liczby godzin pracy ponadwymiarowej z jednoczesnym jednak zastrzeżeniem, że brak odniesienia w umowie do tej kwestii jest równoznaczny z dopuszczalnością świadczenia pracy ponadwymiarowej do pełnego etatu.

Mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (2-OGDH) that consists of multiple copies of 3 catalytic subunits (E1, E2, E3) is a regulatory enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle. 2-OGDH together with branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases family. It was shown that in protein-restricted rats simvastatin stimulated liver BCKDH, whereas it exerted no effect on BCKDH in rats fed a standard diet. We hypothesized that combination of simvastatin and low-protein diet could have an impact on renal 2-OGDH. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of combination of simvastatin and low-protein diet on renal 2-OGDH in rats. Simvastatin (80 mg/kg b.wt/day) or the vehicle (0.3% methylcellulose) were administered orally (for 14 days) to rats fed low-protein (8% protein) or standard (23% protein) diet. 2-OGDH activity, protein levels and mRNA levels for E1 and E2 subunits were determined. In addition, serum creatinine level was measured. Results: The combination of simvastatin and low-protein diet elicited the increase of renal 2-OGDH activity that corresponded to the increase of E1 protein, but not of E1 mRNA level. In contrast, simvastatin treatment did not affect 2-OGDH activity, nor protein and mRNA levels of E1 in rats fed standard diet. Serum creatinine levels were not changed upon simvastatin administration in any group. In conclusion, the results of present study indicate that combination of simvastatin and low-protein diet induces stimulation of renal 2-OGDH complex probably at post-transcriptional level.

Job satisfaction among teachers has received immense importance in increasing the quality of education. Students' performance in schools will never be improved without teachers' commitment, effectiveness to work at school, and job satisfaction. The teachers in government schools in Sri Lanka are frustrated with their job. This study aims to examine the determinants of job satisfaction among teachers in government schools in Sri Lanka. The study was conducted in the Nuwara Eliya district. A sample of 352 teachers was selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling. Descriptive statistics, principal components factor analysis, and multiple binary logistic regression models were used in data analysis. Descriptive statistics show that most sample teachers are female (65%) and married (62%). The principal components factor analysis extracted two factors labeled as community factors and school factors from 13 dimensions describing teachers' job satisfaction based on eigenvalues. The multiple binary logistic regression model results indicate that community factors, school factors, gender, and educational qualification were significant in the model to explain the teachers' job satisfaction. Further, the odds ratio for community factors is greater than 1 and positively related to Teacher’s job satisfaction. Similarly, School factors too have built a positive relationship. The model predicts the probability of being satisfied for the female is 0.52 while it is 0.21 for the male. The probability of being satisfied for degree holders is 0.02 while it is 0.52 for diplo-matic teachers compared to trained teachers. It is concluded that attention should be paid to community factors and school factors to enhance the teachers' job satisfaction to improve the quality of education.

Insecticides are dedicated to impair the insect organisms, but also have an impact on other, non-target organisms, including humans. In this way, they became important risk factor for disturbance of physiological homeostasis and can be involved in the development of diseases or in deterioration of existing conditions. The influence of sublethal doses of various insecticides on vertebrates’ and invertebrates’ organisms has been previously observed. In this paper, we have evaluated the impact of exposure to extremely low dose of neurotoxin, bendiocarb (0.1 nM), a commonly used carbamate insecticide on a model organism in neurobiology—Periplaneta americana. The assessment was performed on all levels of animal organism from molecular (oxidative stress parameters: phosphorylation level of proteins, cAMP level, protein kinase A and C levels, and octopamine) to physiological (heart beat and gas exchange tests) and behavioral (motor skills assay, grooming test). Exposure to such a low level of bendiocarb did not cause direct paralysis of insects, but changed their grooming behavior, decreased heart rate, and increased gas exchange. We also observed the increased parameters of oxidative stress as well as stressogenic response to 0.1 nM bendiocarb exposure. Exposure to a trace amount of bendiocarb also increased sensitivity to effective doses of the same insecticide, thus acts as preconditioning. These results force us to reconsider the possible risk from frequent/continuous exposure to traces of pesticide residues in the environment to human health.

Artykuł prezentuje historię powstania, analizę tkanki tekstowej oraz interpretację treści wspomnienia paryskiego Leo Lipskiego, zatytułowanego Paryż ze złota. Wspomnienie było zapisem doświadczeń autora, związanych z jego podróżą z Tel Awiwu do Paryża w 1975 r. Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest porównanie maszynopisu utworu, wysłanego Jerzemu Giedroyciowi w 1976 r., z wersją opublikowaną w roku 2002. W tym pierwszym zwracają uwagę korekty, a zwłaszcza skreślenia związane ze stanem zdrowia Lipskiego, dotkniętego prawostronnym paraliżem oraz afazją. Analiza owych skreśleń stanowi asumpt do interpretacji utworu. Artykuł prezentuje dwa komplementarne odczytania tekstu. Pierwsze, jasne (jego metaforą jest złoto), ogniskuje się wokół radości autora, który wyjeżdżając do Paryża, spełnił swoje marzenie, oraz wspomnień jego szczęśliwej młodości w Krakowie w latach 30. XX w. Drugie odczytanie, ciemne (jego metaforą jest popiół), śledzi ukryty tanatyczny wątek wspomnienia, w którym dochodzą do głosu przeżycia wojenne pisarza. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, w jaki sposób przymus powtarzania traumatycznych przeżyć splata się we wspomnieniu z literackimi próbami ich cofnięcia i powrotu do szczęśliwej przeszłości.

W obrębie informacyjnych gatunków telewizyjnych wyróżniamy reportaż satyryczny, w którym znaczące są, oprócz kwestii językowych, zachowania wokalne, czyli elementy prozodii języka. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zjawisk prozodyjnych i pozaprozodyjnych, które wpływają na żartobliwy ton materiałów dziennikarskich. Zadanie to zostało zrealizowane poprzez opisanie sposobu czytania jednego z czołowych dziennikarzy jednego z najważniejszych programów informacyjnych jednej z największych stacji telewizyjnych. Wyniki i wnioski: na uzyskanie efektu żartobliwości w przekazach ma wpływ wykorzystanie przez dziennikarza następujących elementów sztuki mówienia i czytania (czyli ekspresji): sposób oddychania oraz prowadzenia głosu – głos zawsze lekko podniesiony, energetyczny, pobudzający do działania; dykcja – bardzo wyrazista artykulacja, wzmacnianie zgodne z cechami fonetycznymi głosek (dociskanie głosek zwartych oraz przedłużenie w głoskach szczelinowych, półotwartych i samogłoskach); elementy prozodii – intonacja, akcent, iloczas (akcent iloczasowy). Metody badań: analizie, prowadzonej metodą percepcyjną, poddano sposób wykorzystania przez dziennikarza zjawisk prozodyjnych i pozaprozodyjnych w celu osiągnięcia efektu humorystycznego przekazu. Materiał badawczy stanowiło około 120 nagrań materiałów reporterskich z lat 2016–2022 wyemitowanych w programie informacyjnym „Fakty” w stacji telewizyjnej TVN. Wartość poznawcza: sprawne wykorzystywanie zachowań wokalnych jest ważną umiejętnością dla każdego, kto posługuje się głosem jako narzędziem pracy. Prezentowanie indywidualnego sposobu interpretacji tekstu, w tym konsekwentne wykorzystywanie tych samych zjawisk prozodyjnych i pozaprozodyjnych, przyczynia się do budowania indywidualnego stylu przekazywania treści, zwiększając rozpoznawalność dziennikarza wśród widzów i wielu wykonawców tego zawodu. Dzięki temu nie tylko wpływa na tworzenie wizerunku profesjonalisty, lecz także wyróżnia dziennikarza spośród wielu zawodowców będących wzorem do naśladowania dla młodszych kolegów, dopiero zaczynających pracę. Obserwacja zjawisk prozodyjnych i pozaprozodyjnych może stanowić element warsztatu pracy innych dziennikarzy, poszukujących wzorców w prezentowaniu treści informacyjnych o szczególnym (żartobliwym) charakterze.

The multimodality of the online learning environment allows students’ participation in different modes, relying either on video, audio or text-based communication. The current study explores the level of students’ willingness to communicate in the three modes of interaction in synchronous online English language lessons and compares it with their willingness to communicate in a conventional face-to-face language classroom. To this end, we recruited for this research 281 university students who took a course in English as part of their study programs. Relying on a cross-sectional survey design, we analyzed the data on the response variables by means of descriptive statistical tests and factorial ANOVAs. The results reveal that the students’ willingness to communicate in synchronous online classes decreases whenever they are required to activate more modes of communication. They also show that the highest willingness to communicate is found in conventional, face-to-face classrooms. An implication of the research is that the mode of communication has the potential to encourage or discourage WTC in EFL among students. It is proposed that the factors of responsibility and face-saving affect the students’ participation in online classes, aligning with the idea that WTC is a dynamic, fluid variable which changes depending on the situational context.

The research conducted aims at determining the impact of short training on the trainee’s ability to detect deception with the use of non-instrumental methods of detection of deception. As the criminal procedure permits such methods of detection of deception, the results of the research are practical. The research was carried out on a group of participants given the task to watch a video recording and conclude whether the person presented told the truth or lied. Subsequently, the participants were given a short training on both verbal and non-verbal deception cues, illustrated with examples taken from the video they had watched. In the second leg of the test, the participants watched another video and decided whether the person presented was truthful or deceptive (on the grounds of deception cues they spotted). Th e results showed that the training improved participants’ ability to detect deception by c. 22%.

The acidic, hypoxic and nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment may induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) may exert an important cytoprotective role by promoting folding of newly synthesized proteins and cancer cell survival. The lack of DNMT2/TRDMT1 methyltransferase-mediated C38 tRNA methylation compromises translational fidelity that may result in the accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins leading to proteotoxic stress-related cell death. In the present study, DNMT2/TRDMT1 gene knockout-mediated effects were investigated during doxorubicin (DOX)-induced ER stress and PERK-, IRE1- and ATF6-orchestrated UPR in four genetically different cellular models of cancer (breast and cervical cancer, osteosarcoma and glioblastoma cells). Upon DOX stimulation, DNMT2/TRDMT1 gene knockout impaired PERK activation and modulated NSUN and 5-methylcytosine RNA-based responses and microRNA profiles. The lack of DNMT2/TRDMT1 gene in DOX-treated four cancer cell lines resulted in decreased levels of four microRNAs, namely, miR-23a-3p, miR-93-5p, miR-125a-5p and miR-191-5p involved in the regulation of several pathways such as ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, amino acid degradation and translational misregulation in cancer. We conclude that DNMT2/TRDMT1 gene knockout, at least in selected cellular cancer models, affects adaptive responses associated with protein homeostasis networks that during prolonged ER stress may result in increased sensitivity to apoptotic cell death.

Roman Stańczak's artistic practice can be seen as a symptomatic expression of the multi-layered processes of degradation as experienced in some Polish regions with the advent of capitalism and the country's entry into the global market at the turn of the 1990s. The neoliberal reforms in Poland brought about dramatic social consequences, leading to an exponential increase in income inequality, unemployment rate and the share of population living below the minimum subsistence level. On the rise throughout the 1990s and reaching its peak in the 2000s, the degradation suffered by some social groups and communities was both material and psychological, social and class-related. Stańczak's performances and sculptures, with their depictions of ruined, wounded and degraded bodies and objects, closely correspond to that reality, which for a long time remained outside the scope of interest of Polish neoliberal parties and the media sphere, which fully endorsed the government's policies throughout the 1990s.

The paper describes the results of research on consumer awareness and attitudes in the field of the ecology and labelling of packaging products. The research was divided into two parts. The first one was related to the perception of the respondents regarding ecology, while the second one was related to the classification of the cosmetics packaging products presented. The results obtained were analysed statistically. The correlation analysis performed showed the existence of a relationship between the variables selected (consumer attitudes). Strong correlations were noticed. The research showed that consumers equate labelling to the properties of products and packaging. The labelling of packaging and products can be ambiguous, which results in a problem with classifying waste to the appropriate segregation and collection system.

ImportanceTreatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) with a quadruplet regimen consisting of a monoclonal antibody, proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory imide, and corticosteroid has been associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with triplet regimens. The optimal quadruplet combination, and whether this obviates the need for frontline autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), remains unknown. We evaluated elotuzumab and weekly carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (Elo-KRd) without ASCT in NDMM.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of Elo-KRd using a measurable residual disease (MRD)-adapted design in NDMM regardless of ASCT eligibility.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 study enrolled patients between July 2017 and February 2021. Median follow-up was 29 months.InterventionsTwelve to 24 cycles of Elo-KRd; consecutive MRD-negative results at 10−6 by next-generation sequencing (NGS) after cycles 8 (C8) and 12 determined the duration of Elo-KRd. This was followed by Elo-Rd (no carfilzomib) maintenance therapy until disease progression.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was the rate of stringent complete response (sCR) and/or MRD-negativity (10−5) after C8 Elo-KRd. Secondary end points included safety, rate of response, MRD status, PFS, and overall survival (OS). As an exploratory analysis, MRD was assessed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (MS) on peripheral blood samples.ResultsForty-six patients were enrolled (median age 62 years, 11 [24%] aged >70 years). Overall, 32 (70%) were White, 6 (13%) were Black, 3 (6%) were more than 1 race, and 5 (11%) were of unknown race. Thirty-three (72%) were men and 13 (28%) were women. High-risk cytogenetic abnormalities were present in 22 (48%) patients. The rate of sCR and/or MRD-negativity after C8 was 26 of 45 (58%), meeting the predefined statistical threshold for efficacy. Responses deepened over time, with the MRD-negativity (10−5) rate increasing to 70% and MS-negativity rate increasing to 65%; concordance between MRD by NGS and MS increased over time. The most common (>10%) grade 3 or 4 adverse events were lung and nonpulmonary infections (13% and 11%, respectively). There was 1 grade 5 myocardial infarction. The estimated 3-year PFS was 72% overall and 92% for patients with MRD-negativity (10−5) at C8.Conclusions and RelevanceAn MRD-adapted design using elotuzumab and weekly KRd without ASCT showed a high rate of sCR and/or MRD-negativity and durable responses. This approach provides support for further evaluation of MRD-guided deescalation of therapy to decrease treatment exposure while sustaining deep responses.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02969837

The article presents the results of the experimental studies conducted so far on the devel- opment of infants’ primary communicative abilities, carried out in vivo. The findings of neurobiologists on the formation of the structures of the social brain not only influ- ence the process of early diagnosis of developmental disorders, but also allow for the construction of principles of early intervention. The article discusses the results of our own study of thirteen infants born in Poland and abroad, conducted by means of par- ticipant observation (online). The aim was to reveal the disturbances in shaping social responses in a lockdown situation and to define a pattern for preventive interventions.

This article concerns the difficulties experienced by women who are mothers of premature children with disabilities. The results of qualitative research are presented, the aim of which was to learn about different dimensions of motherhood of women raising prematurely born children. This article focuses on the analysis of those aspects of motherhood related to premature births and the resulting health, psychological and social consequences for mothers, including accepting the diagnosis of a childs disability and the experience or lack of experience of professional support and assistance provided by relatives in the perinatal period and the first month after the birth of the child. Conclusions resulting from the conducted analysis indicate the need for mothers to receive specialist support, including psychological support in the perinatal period, during the hospitalization of their child in a life-threatening condition and during the first months of their childs life, if mothers still experience anxiety and stress related to their childs health and development.

Introduction: Venetoclax combined with azacitidine (AZA-VEN) constitutes an option for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. There are, however, no data on the COVID-19 incidence and outcome in patients treated with AZA-VEN. Methods: Patients with acute leukemia treated with AZA-VEN at a single institution were included in this prospective observational study. Results: Thirteen patients were enrolled, 46% with treatment-naïve, and 56% with relapsed/refractory disease. Fifty-four percent of patients were males; the median age was 69 years. Six patients (46%) developed COVID-19 during the observation time. The median time to COVID-19 was 24 days from the initiation of AZA-VEN. The 2-month cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 46.2%. Two patients (33%) succumbed to COVID-19. The 100-day COVID-19-free survival from AZA-VEN initiation was 61%. The median follow-up time was 4.3 months. Discussion/Conclusion: COVID-19 constitutes a frequent complication of AZA-VEN treatment in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to death in a significant proportion of patients.

The study presents legal regulations and jurisprudence concerning the transfer of the content (transcription) of foreign civil status documents in the event that same-sex persons are indicated in the marriage certificate (as spouses) or in the birth certificate (as parents). In recent years, refusal to transcribe this type of civil status records has increasingly become the subject of decisions of administrative courts. The refusal to transcribe a foreign document due to its inconsistency with the fundamental principles of the Polish legal order remains a contentious issue. The assessment of the admissibility of the transcription of the certificate of marriage contracted between persons of the same sex is closely related to the admissibility of registration of such relationships in a given state. In Polish legislation, the only form of recognition of the relationship of two people between whom there is an emotional, physical and economic bond is marriage. The marriage certificate is the only proof of entering into a legal relationship recognized in Poland. Therefore, it is not possible to transcribe the certificate of marriage contracted abroad between persons of the same sex. With regard to birth certificates in which persons of the same sex are indicated as parents, it is first of all necessary to secure the rights of the child as a Polish citizen to obtain a Polish identity document or passport. Obtaining these documents can under no circumstances be made conditional on the transcription of a foreign birth certificate.

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to show how restaurants in Poland managed their intellectual capital (IC) in the COVID-19 crisis and how knowledge sharing (KS) helped them to survive in those dynamically changing conditions. Methodology: The study is based on qualitative research – semi-structured interviews with a few restaurant owners and managers responsible for the business operations during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Research results show that one of the key factors in the restaurant survival is their IC. Proper management of this capital allowed businesses to adjust to this unprecedented situation. Dynamic and intense KS between restaurants’ owners, managers and employees fastened the process of adjustment and provided new kind of services necessary to successfully operate in the new reality. Research limitations: The paper takes into consideration only selected restaurants in the Pomeranian region in Poland. Hence, the results cannot be generalized. Practical implications: The paper shows how restaurants’ managers and owners used KS and IC management in order to adapt their business operations to the COVID-19 reality. That can be inspiring for entrepreneurs and help them fully utilize IC of their employees and coworkers, as well as discover the benefits of KS practices. The study also shows the idea of supportive restaurant community and its important role in KS. It also shows arising coopetition between businesses in order to survive violent changes in the socio-economic environment. Originality/value: The paper focuses on dealing with the COVID-19 problems in the restaurant industry from the KS and IC perspective. So far, there are few studies of this kind that take the catering sector as the main subject of the research. Findings can be helpful and valuable not only for academics, but also for entrepreneurs and managers that seek knowledge and solutions they can use in order to grow and develop their organizations in the turbulent environment.

Background: Considering COVID-19, individuals living with dementia are more vulnerable, and tele-rehabilitation can be incorporated into dementia care. Objective: To analyse the evidence of the availability and effectiveness of tele-rehabilitation interventions for individuals living with dementia in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A mixed-method systematic review was conducted. Cochrane, ProQuest, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using keywords that include dementia, tele-rehabilitation, and COVID-19. Article quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal tool. Results: Thirteen articles were included. Finding suggest, most tele-interventions were being implemented in European and high-income countries. These interventions included: videoconferences, telephone-based interventions, television-based assistive technology, and human-robot. Conclusion: Despite the lack of rigorous studies, tele-rehabilitation is effective in improving cognition, behavioural and psychological symptoms, quality of life, and social connectedness. Rigorous methodologies, i.e., randomised control trials, are recommended.

Background The terminal ileum poses a predilection for Crohn’s disease (CD) but is less susceptible to undergo healing to treatment with biologics and small molecules. This study aimed to evaluate histologic features associated with endoscopic remission (ER). Methods This is a post hoc analysis of patients with moderately to severely active CD, defined as Crohn’s disease activity index 220 to 450, and terminal ileal ulceration treated with antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitor adalimumab from the EXTEND trial. We studied whether baseline total Global Histologic Disease Activity Scores (GHAS), any individual histologic element, and specific immunohistochemical (IHC) markers of chronic inflammation from biopsy specimens were associated with postinduction (week 12) and maintenance (week 52) ER, defined as Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease of 0. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for confounders were used to assess the relationship between histologic markers and 1-year outcomes. Results Seventy-one adult patients with CD affecting the ileum were included in this analysis. Both baseline ileal GHAS scores and individual histologic components were not found to be associated with ER at weeks 12 or 52. Increased expression of interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R) on IHC stains was associated with reduced likelihood of achieving 1-year ER (adjusted odds ratio, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.92; P = .044). No other biomarker assessed was associated with 1-year ER. Conclusions Ileal histologic disease activity and IHC activation markers of chronic mucosal inflammation were not associated with 1-year ER. However, strong staining for IL-13 receptor in the ileum was associated with reduced odds of 1-year ER using adalimumab. Mucosal cellular disease profiles might pose an opportunity to guide treatment of CD.

Data visualizations are often represented in public discourse as objective proof of facts. However, a visualization is only a single translation of reality, just like any other media, representation devices, or modes of representation. If we wish to encourage thoughtful, informed, and literate consumption of data visualizations, it is crucial that we consider why they are often presented and interpreted as objective. We reflect theoretically on data visualization as a system of representation historically anchored in science, rationalism, and notions of objectivity. It establishes itself within a lineage of conventions for visual representations which extends from the Renaissance to the present and includes perspective drawing, photography, cinema and television, as well as computer graphics. By examining our tendency to see credibility in data visualizations and grounding that predisposition in a historical context, we hope to encourage more critical and nuanced production and interpretation of data visualizations in the public discourse.

This article is an attempt at answering the question about Anna Kamieńska editorial work on Notatnik. The discussion of the creative process applies to a manuscript fragment of the journal from the period 31 Oct 1971–15 Feb 1972, the work published in instalments in the 1970s in the W drodze periodical, and the book releases published in the 1980s. The analysis of editorial changes applies to selected linguistic forms. Those include, e.g., replacement of nouns with pronouns, diminutives with neutral forms or acronyms, questions with ascertainment, and the elimination of particles and first-person singular in verbs and pronouns. All of the listed interventions led to a shortening of passages and assigning them the nature of aphorisms. Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak wyglądała praca redakcyjna Anny Kamieńskiej nad Notatnikiem. Spostrzeżenia na temat procesu twórczego czynione są na podstawie fragmentu rękopiśmiennego dziennika z okresu 31 X 1971–15 II 1972 oraz publikowanych w latach 70. odcinków dzieła na łamach czasopisma „W drodze” i wydanych w latach 80. książek. Analiza zmian redakcyjnych skupia się tu na wybranych formach językowych. Wśród nich możemy wyróżnić np. zamianę rzeczowników w zaimki, zdrobnień w formę neutralną lub skrót, pytania w twierdzenie, eliminację partykuł i osoby „ja” w czasownikach i zaimkach. Wszystkie wymienione zabiegi prowadzą do skrócenia zapisów, nadania im aforystycznego charakteru.

Introduction: Forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common types of poor head posture in the sagittal plane. The widespread use of computers, smartphones, and tablets can be one of the causes of poor posture in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to assess the position of the head in children and adolescents. Material and Methods: Sixty-two children from a primary school in Krakow were divided into two age groups. Group 1 consisted of 35 children aged 9-11 years, whereas Group 2 included 27 adolescents aged 12-15 years. The photogrammetry method was used to measure head position. The study participants were asked to assess their head and neck position as correct or incorrect. Results: Among all respondents, 16 people (25.81%) had a craniovertebral angle (CVA) in the standing position of fewer than 48 degrees, which indicates a problem with the forward head position. There were statistically significant differences in forward head shift (FHS) and CVA determined in sitting and standing positions between age groups. Group 2 had statistically significantly lower CVA and higher FHS values than Group 1. Fifty-eight (93.5%) study participants considered the positioning of their head and neck to be correct. Conclusions: FHP can occur in children and adolescents.

The spatial patterns of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation (precipitation isoscapes) provide a geographic perspective to understand the atmospheric processes in modern environment and paleoclimate records. Here we compiled stable isotope data in modern precipitation at 223 sites across China and 48 in surrounding countries, and used regionalized fuzzy clustering to create monthly precipitation isoscapes for China (C-Isoscape). Based on regressions using spatial and climatic parameters for 12 months, the best-fitting equations were chosen for four climate clusters, and then the four layers were weighted using fuzzy membership. The moisture transportation path, controlled by the westerlies and the monsoon, results in different spatial and seasonal diversity of precipitation isotopes. Based on C-Isoscape, we determined a nationwide meteoric water line as δ2H = 7.4δ18O + 5.5 using least squares regression or δ2H = 8.0δ18O + 10.2 using precipitation weighted reduced major axis regression. Compared with previous global products, the C-Isoscape usually shows precipitation more enriched in 18O and 2H in summer and more depleted in winter for northwest China, while the C-Isoscape values are more enriched in heavy isotopes in most months for southwest China. The new monthly precipitation isoscapes provide an accurate and high-resolution mapping for Chinese precipitation isotopes, allowing for future intra-annual atmospheric process diagnostics using stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope in precipitation in the region.

Changes in the environment of industry may affect the expectations related to the competencies of the employees. Changes to the education system and curricula may be required. The main purpose of this research paper was to analyze the expectations of the industries related to competencies of graduates of engineering programs. The paper presents preliminary research. The survey was conducted at twenty-eight companies within the area of technical university in Poland. Based on the survey, data was collected related to the level of preparation of engineering graduates as well as the industry expectations related to the preparation of engineering graduates. This was done for the purpose of determining the gap between industry expectations and the level of preparation of the engineering graduates. Enterprises expect a wide range of competences from engineering graduates. The most important areas of competence included soft competences and practical knowledge and skills. The biggest gap between industry expectation and graduate’s preparation are the soft skills. Recommendations were suggested which would be incorporated in the engineering curriculum for the purpose of continuous quality improvement.

Vaccinia virus (VACV) represents a family of poxviruses, which possess their own decapping machinery as a part of their strategy to eliminate host mRNAs and evade the innate immune response. D9 is one of the two encoded VACV decapping enzymes that is responsible for cap removal from the 5' end of both host mRNA transcripts and viral double-stranded RNAs. Little is known about the structural requirements for D9 inhibition by small molecules. Here, we identified a minimal D9 substrate and used it to develop a real-time fluorescence assay for inhibitor discovery and characterization. We screened a panel of nucleotide-derived substrate analogues and pharmacologically active candidates to identify several compounds with nano- and low micromolar IC

Although research into the aetiology and pathogenesis of eating disorders has been ongoing for many years, it has not yet been possible to identify all the factors responsible for their development. Current research does not focus on a single risk factor, but looks for correlations between them. This article presents selected aspects of the pathogenesis and risk factors of specific eating disorders. Family and individual factors, social and cultural factors, and biological factors are described. Particular attention has been paid to the aspect of parenting styles and behaviours exhibited, e.g. excessive punishment and emotional coldness. The coexistence of personality disorders with specific and non-specific eating disorders is also described. The social aspect highlights the development of social media and their impact on selfesteem, body dissatisfaction, and promotion of pathological thinness. Cultural factors include progressive “westernisation” and the rapid increase in the prevalence of eating disorders in the areas of the world where they did not previously exist. Among biological factors, publications on appetite neuromodulators, genetic factors, gut microbiota disorders, and the so-called brain-gut axis were analysed. Modern science is not as yet able to answer the question of which of the mentioned factors has the greatest impact on the development of eating disorders, however, ongoing research offers hope for effective treatment of these diseases in the future. Knowing the factors predisposing to their occurrence will allow early identification of risk groups and undertaking preventive and therapeutic actions, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.

In the wake of COVID-19, nursing education has shifted to eLearning from traditional methods. This reflective analysis addresses the impact of COVID-19 on the development of competencies among nursing students in Sri Lanka. Four themes were identified: the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing education; the role of eLearning in nursing education during the COVID-19 pandemic; the acquisition of nursing skills and competencies; and implications for education, research, and policy. Virtual online learning has replaced traditional teaching and learning. Acquiring clinical skills and competencies and completing the practicum are challenging. Since nurses are in high demand; nursing education needs to be accelerated and modified. A change in policies related to education and research is essential for developing countries. Blended learning, which includes more simulation teaching, is recommended.

Data analysis is equally important as an experimental part of the scientist's work. Therefore any reliable automatization would accelerate research. Histology is a good example, where scientists work with different cell types. The difficulty level can be severe while trying to distinguish cell types from one another. In this paper, we focus on the retina. The retina consists of eight basic cell types, creating a layered structure. Some types of cells overlap within the layer, and some differ significantly in size. Fast and thorough manual analysis of the cross-section is impossible. Even though Deep Learning models are applied in multiple domains, we observe little effort to automatize retinal analysis. Therefore, this research aims to create a model for classifying retinal cell types based on morphology in a cross-section of retinal cell images. In this study, we propose a classification Deep Learning model for retinal cell classification. We implemented two models, each tested in three different approaches: Small dataset, Extended dataset, and One cell type vs. All cell types. Although the problem presented to the trained model was simplified, a significant data imbalance was created from multiclass to binary classification, influencing the models' performance. Both, Sequential and Transfer Learning models performed best with the Extended dataset. The Sequential model generated the best overall results. The obtained results allow us to place prepared models within the benchmark of published models. This paper proposes the first Deep Learning tool classifying retinal cell types based on a dataset prepared from publicly available images collated from multiple sources and images obtained in our laboratory. The multiclass approach with an extended dataset showed the best results. With more effort, the model could become an excellent analytical tool.

Multifocal hepatic hemangiomas (MHHs) are the most common benign vascular tumours of the liver that are detected in children with concomitant multiple infantile hemangiomas. They still pose a diagnostic problem for GPs and are thus often detected far too late, due to their low prevalence rates. MHHs are usually undetectable at birth, usually detected within the first few weeks of life when the lesions proliferate. The heterogeneity of the lesions and the presence of comorbidities make often the management of infantile hepatic hemangiomas a true challenge, also for highly specialised medical professionals. Ultrasound (USG) should be the imaging examination performed in the first instance in search for vascular anomalies in children. In pharmacotherapy, the first choice treatment is propranolol and prednisone, administered orally. Invasive treatment is usually indicated in symptomatic or progressive multiple hepatic hemangiomas only. Recently published studies show a significant decrease in the incidence rate of the disease, which now ranges between 11% and 18% for treated and untreated hepatic hemangiomas, respectively.