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A partir de uma perspectiva interdiscursiva e interdisciplinar, este trabalho aborda diferentes representacoes com as quais o povo mapuche do Gulumapu construiu seus processos de diferenciacao cultural e territorial em tensao com o Estado nacional chileno. Atraves de discursos heterogeneos - historico, literario, midiatico, testemunhal e das organizacoes politicas - , expressa-se um processo que parte de uma visao unitaria ancestral para assumir estrategicamente concepcoes modernas, tipicas de novos cenarios geopoliticos e supranacionais, como as de Estado e / ou nacao. Conclui-se que este processo transversaliza seus discursos, os quais, em conjunto, representam um imaginario coletivo compartilhado que relaciona a nocao ancestral- Wallmapu - com a visao moderna e / ou Estado mapuche.

BACKGROUND Youper is a widely used, commercially available mobile app that uses artificial intelligence therapy for the treatment of anxiety and depression. OBJECTIVE Our study examined the acceptability and effectiveness of Youper. Further, we tested the cumulative regulation hypothesis, which posits that cumulative emotion regulation successes with repeated intervention engagement will predict longer-term anxiety and depression symptom reduction. METHODS We examined data from paying Youper users (N=4517) who allowed their data to be used for research. To characterize the acceptability of Youper, we asked users to rate the app on a 5-star scale and measured retention statistics for users’ first 4 weeks of subscription. To examine effectiveness, we examined longitudinal measures of anxiety and depression symptoms. To test the cumulative regulation hypothesis, we used the proportion of successful emotion regulation attempts to predict symptom reduction. RESULTS Youper users rated the app highly (mean 4.36 stars, SD 0.84), and 42.66% (1927/4517) of users were retained by week 4. Symptoms decreased in the first 2 weeks of app use (anxiety: d=0.57; depression: d=0.46). Anxiety improvements were maintained in the subsequent 2 weeks, but depression symptoms increased slightly with a very small effect size (d=0.05). A higher proportion of successful emotion regulation attempts significantly predicted greater anxiety and depression symptom reduction. CONCLUSIONS Youper is a low-cost, completely self-guided treatment that is accessible to users who may not otherwise access mental health care. Our findings demonstrate the acceptability and effectiveness of Youper as a treatment for anxiety and depression symptoms and support continued study of Youper in a randomized clinical trial.

We examine the impact of financial distress conditions at the individual firm level, the operating industry level, and economy-wide, on the stock price reaction to divestment announcements. This allows us to isolate distinct fire sale and financing theoretical explanations of asset divestments. We find that abnormal returns are significantly lower when firms divest assets during periods of industry-wide distress. During these periods the natural buyers of the divested assets are likely to have liquidity constraints, and so selling firms receive a lower price (Shleifer and Vishny, 1992). Fire sale effects from divestments are driven by financially constrained firms, firms selling core assets, small firms, and increase with deal size. We find some support for the financing explanation of the stock price response to divestments during periods of overlapping firm-level and economy-wide financial distress conditions, suggesting that divesting assets reduce the expected value of bankruptcy costs for selling firms under these conditions.

Background Youper is a widely used, commercially available mobile app that uses artificial intelligence therapy for the treatment of anxiety and depression. Objective Our study examined the acceptability and effectiveness of Youper. Further, we tested the cumulative regulation hypothesis, which posits that cumulative emotion regulation successes with repeated intervention engagement will predict longer-term anxiety and depression symptom reduction. Methods We examined data from paying Youper users (N=4517) who allowed their data to be used for research. To characterize the acceptability of Youper, we asked users to rate the app on a 5-star scale and measured retention statistics for users’ first 4 weeks of subscription. To examine effectiveness, we examined longitudinal measures of anxiety and depression symptoms. To test the cumulative regulation hypothesis, we used the proportion of successful emotion regulation attempts to predict symptom reduction. Results Youper users rated the app highly (mean 4.36 stars, SD 0.84), and 42.66% (1927/4517) of users were retained by week 4. Symptoms decreased in the first 2 weeks of app use (anxiety: d=0.57; depression: d=0.46). Anxiety improvements were maintained in the subsequent 2 weeks, but depression symptoms increased slightly with a very small effect size (d=0.05). A higher proportion of successful emotion regulation attempts significantly predicted greater anxiety and depression symptom reduction. Conclusions Youper is a low-cost, completely self-guided treatment that is accessible to users who may not otherwise access mental health care. Our findings demonstrate the acceptability and effectiveness of Youper as a treatment for anxiety and depression symptoms and support continued study of Youper in a randomized clinical trial.

SNAPPSâ Survey instrument for Natural history, Aetiology and Prevalence of Patellofemoral pain Studies. (DOCX 111Â kb)

We estimate the effect of binge drinking on accident and emergency attendances, road accidents, arrests, and the number of police officers on duty using a variety of unique data from Britain and a two-sample minimum distance estimation procedure. Our estimates, which reveal sizeable effects of bingeing on all outcomes, are then used to monetize the short-term externalities of binge drinking. We find that these externalities are on average £4.9 billion per year ($7 billion), about £80 for each man, woman, and child living in the UK. The price that internalizes this externality is equivalent to an additional 9p per alcoholic unit, implying a 20% increase with respect to the current average price.

Eculizumab, marketed as ‘Soliris’ by Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., is a humanised, Fc-engineered (low effector function), IgG2/4 hybrid monoclonal antibody that blocks the activity of human complement factor C5. This activity enables eculizumab to potently suppress the pro-inflammatory and cytolytic effects of the terminal complement system, which are key factors in the pathology of the rare haemolytic disease paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). This antibody therapeutic has become an important example of a potential therapeutic molecule that was originally developed for a series of common inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, etc.), but was repurposed with great success to become a first-in-class complement inhibitor in the rare disease space.

Protein engineering techniques can facilitate the direct de-convolution of specific domains, regions, and particular amino acids that contribute to protein function. Many tools are available to aid this enterprise and herein we describe one such tool, a technique we term "Molecular Scanning" (MS). MS is analogous to previously described alanine scanning in that it samples potentially functional sequence space, but differs in that it uses Error-Prone polymerase chain reaction to randomly introduce all amino acids across the sequence space, as opposed to simply introducing alanine at each desired position. We commonly use MS in conjunction with ribosome-display, selecting for specific character traits (e.g., improved affinity) which allows us to sample functionally relevant diversity on a reasonably large scale. This approach is amenable to a variety of different mutational techniques and display technologies as dictated by user requirements or needs. In this chapter we present a general outline of the process as we have previously successfully applied it.

The entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) has been shown to offer much potential for tank-mixing with chemical insecticides in a range of pest control situations. This preliminary study investigated the compatibility of S. feltiae with selected insecticides commonly used for the control of aphid pests in UK glasshouse environments. Steinernema feltiae showed a level of direct compatibility with both dimethoate and imidacloprid. Cypermethrin proved non-compatible for direct mixing with S. feltiae. The potential for tank-mixing nematodes with chemical insecticides for aphid control in UK glasshouses is discussed.

This article looks at the potential for individual communications under common article 1 of the Human Rights Covenants, in particular, under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. It first outlines the problems posed by the drafting of common article 1, in particular, the identity of peoples. It then considers how individuals might be able to claim peoples’ rights through representation and the collectivization of individual rights.