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Background Subxiphoid incisional hernias are one of the complications following a median sternotomy, a surgical procedure to provide access to the mediastinum. Incidence has been reported between 1% and 4%, although the true incidence is not well known due to its asymptomatic nature. Method A comprehensive search was performed on multiple sites. Keywords included "incisional hernia OR Subxiphoid hernia" AND "Median sternotomy OR Cardiac Surgery OR Coronary artery bypass graft OR Transplant OR Valve replacement". Articles up to August 1, 2020, were included in this study. Results Eight articles were included in the study, with a total number of 132 patients identified. The incidence ranged from 0.81% to 3.44%. There was a mixture of repair methods and follow-up period reported. Recurrence post repair ranged from 10% to 43%. Conclusion Subxiphoid incisional hernias remain challenging to manage. We have discussed the incidence, risk factors, preventions, and management of subxiphoid incisional hernias including both the open and laparoscopic techniques.

The preparation of a new series of dihydridoboranes supported by N,N-chelating ligands, [R2NCH2CH2NAr]- (R = alkyl, Ar = aryl), is reported. These new boranes react selectively with carbonyls, imines, and a series of electron-deficient fluoroarenes. The reactivity is complementary to recognized reagents such as pinacolborane, catecholborane, NHC-BH3, and borane (BH3) itself. Selectivities are rationalized by invoking both open- and closed-chain forms of the reagents as part of equilibrium mixtures.

The low cycle fatigue performance of the nickel based superalloy RR1000 was investigated under a variety of load waveforms at high temperature, employing a double edge notch geometry under load control. Experiments on a plain cylindrical specimen design under strain control were later performed to simulate the constrained conditions at the root of the notch in order to characterise the interaction between surface constituents and the environment. A significant fatigue debit was demonstrated under both load/strain scenarios when superimposing a dwell period at the minimum point of the cycle. This debit was attributed to a reduction in fatigue crack initiation life resulting from oxidation damage which subsequently cracks under cyclic tension together with a modification to the mean stress through cyclic stabilisation. The same dwell period superimposed at the peak of the cycle was essentially benign for excursions under strain control loading.

This repository contains the analysis script, R markdown file, data set and meta-data to reproduce the entire paper including the analysis and figures from the following publication: Thomas E. White, Rhiannon L. Dalrymple, Daniel W. A. Noble, James C. O’Hanlon, Daniel B. Zurek, Kate D. L. Umbers. 2014.Reproducible research in the study of biological colouration. Under review.

There are, say these writers, four principles that are crucial to the success of an educational athletic program. Those principles, and suggestions for implementing them, are outlined here.

Considerable effort has been expended toward the development of a discipline of physical education. The nature of physical education, however, reveals that it is more likely a professional field than a discipline. What is required is a means to draw from the several contributing disciplines and subdisciplines information needed to improve the practice of physical education. A model is described which centers on “disciplined study in physical education” in which the integration and synthesis work necessary to produce a theorypractice link is undertaken.

This article outlines an innovative selection program to hire politically responsible social studies teachers. The objective is to produce aware and active citizens who know how to participate in the political process.

Evaluation of faculty teaching performance has become an accepted practice. Today teaching faculty are expected to be evaluated by peers, students, and administrators and to be guided toward improvement through this process. However, requiring evaluation of teaching constitutes but one step in the improvement of teaching. Effective evaluation procedures must be utilized to produce the desired outcomes. Sufficient research on teaching evaluation practices exists to provide necessary data for making informed choices of assessment procedures and approaches. Considerable debate has taken place concerning whether the purpose of evaluating teaching performance is to help faculty improve their teaching or to rate them for purposes of making administrative decisions. While it certainly can be argued that these two purposes are different, a welldesigned evaluation program can and must serve both of them. Actually, as Eble has pointed out, administrative judgments are often instrumental in helping teachers develop their skills and "conversely, the developing of individual skill serves the purpose for which institutional judgments are intended" [8]. Currently, student ratings constitute the primary source of data for evaluating teachers. There are problems with the means used to collect data from students, however. Because the attempt is usually made to collect evaluations from all students in all courses, it has become common to use standard or semi-standard rating forms. While these forms yield

(1974). Three Models for the Curriculum Development Process. Curriculum Theory Network: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 64-71.