Search

Human-machine interaction plays a significant role in promoting convenience, production efficiency, and usage experience. Because of the universality and characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, active EEG interaction is a promising and cutting-edge method for human-machine interaction. The seamless, skin-compliant, and motion-robust human-machine interface (HMI) for active EEG interaction has been in focus. Herein, we report a self-adaptive HMI (PAAS-MXene hydrogel) that can activate rapid gelation (5 s) using MXene cross-linking and conformably self-adapt to the scalp to help improve signal transduction. In addition to exhibiting satisfactory skin compliance, appropriate adhesion, and good biocompatibility, PAAS-MXene has demonstrated electrical performance reliability, such as low impedance (50 Ω) at physiologically relevant frequencies, stable polarization potential (the rate of change is less than 6.5 × 10

Bioinformation plays an imperative role in day-to-day life. Wearable bioelectronics are important for sensing bioinformation in real-time and conductive hydrogel fibers are a key component in next generation wearable bioelectronics. However, current conductive hydrogel fibers have remarkable disadvantages such as insufficient conductivity, stability, and bioinformation sensing ability. Here, we report the synthesis of a zwitterionic organohydrogel (ZOH) fiber by the combination of the mold method and solvent replacement strategy. The ZOH fiber shows transparency (92.1%), stretchability (905.8%), long-term stability, anti-freezing ability (−35–60 °C), and low light transmission loss (0.17 dB/cm). Then, we integrate the ZOH fiber into fabric for use as a bioinformation sensor, the results prove its capability as a bioinformation monitor, monitoring information such as motion and bioelectric signals. In addition, the potential of the ZOH fiber in optogenetic applications is also confirmed.

Bioelectrical signal is the basis of the rapidly growing field of physiological activity research, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic applications and neural science. However, current bioelectrical signal monitor methods face challenges such as skin mismatch, impedance defect, insufficient cycle performance, tissue damage, and scar/biofilm interface formation. Here, we report a sterilizable bio-adhesive interface based on ion-conducting organohydrogel with skin-compliance for precise and motion-robust epidermal bioelectrical signals monitoring. The interface material is based on silk fibroin-reinforced organohydrogel, which is formed by UV curing. The interface material represents energy storage efficiency up to 97%, extremely low impedance (less than40 Ω) at physiologically relevant frequencies and the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals measurement maintains accurate even after multiple disinfections (100 times) by 75% ethanol. Hence, this interface material can be used for multiple times in long-term bioelectrical signals monitoring during daily life. We further investigated the capabilities of the interface in an auditory brainstem response test and realized its ability to achieve competitive monitoring sensitivity in clinical diagnosis as non-invasive electrodes.

This study aimed to determine the leaching mechanism of cadmium (Cd) from contaminated soil by nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). 114Cd/110Cd isotope technology was adopted as the main characterization method, and experiments were conducted with a typical high-Cd soil to determine the speciation distribution of Cd, isotopic composition, and changes in bonding environment before and after leaching. The speciation distribution of Cd in the soil before leaching in order from most to least was exchangeable Cd, iron‑manganese oxide Cd, residual Cd, carbonate-bound Cd, and organic fraction Cd. The removal efficiency of exchangeable Cd was the highest, followed by iron‑manganese oxide Cd and carbonate-bound Cd. Residual Cd and organic fraction Cd content did not significantly change. Cd(NTA)− and Cd(NTA)24− were the major species of Cd in the leaching reagent, which was enriched in the heavy isotope 114Cd and had a strong bonding environment. The isotope fractionation coefficient α decreased as the proportion of Cd remaining in the soil decreased. Cd speciation distribution had an important influence on the 114Cd/110Cd fractionation degree in the leaching process. The Cd isotope composition in soil (from −0.12‰ ~ 0.04‰ to −0.35‰ ~ −0.18‰ without buffer and − 0.28‰ ~ −0.09‰ with buffer) can reflect the change of Cd speciation distribution, which determines the characteristics of the bonding environment and, in turn, determines the efficiency of NTA leaching to remove soil Cd. As such, isotope fractionation characteristics can be a significant theoretical support related to NTA leaching Cd contaminated soil.