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Background. To develop an individual’s physical subhealth risk perception scale and evaluate its reliability and validity, so as to provide a measurement tool for individual physical health risk. Methods. A questionnaire on the perception risk of physical subhealth was developed. Using a random sampling method, 785 people in the Anhui provincial physical examination centre were selected as the research participants. Of the questionnaires returned, 770 were valid, giving an effective rate of 98%. Firstly, the Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to study the correlation of 35 items in the initial scale, and then, polychoric factor structure analysis was carried out by using the Pratt D matrix to optimize the item structure. The Cronbach’α coefficient method was used to test the internal consistency reliability, and a structural equation model was used to explore the construct validity of the scale. The discriminant validity of the scale was obtained by factor analysis. A general linear model was used to analyse the relationship between the clinical manifestations of physical subhealth and the level of risk perception, and the convergent validity of the scale was evaluated. Results. All the data of 35 items were significantly correlated at the 0.01 level. The correlation coefficients between a1 and a2, a3 and a4, b1 and b2, b2 and b3, c4 and c5, c5 and c6, c6 and c7, c8 and c9, d1 and d2, d2 and d3, e5 and e6, g1 and g2, g2 and g3, and g2 and g4 were greater than 0.6. The items with correlation coefficients greater than 0.6 were reduced by a Pratt D matrix. The resulting physical subhealth risk perception scale covers five factors with a total of 18 items. The Cronbach’α coefficient of the scale was 0.889, and the Cronbach’α coefficients of the five factors F1-F5 were 0.780, 0.825, 0.801, 0.736, and 0.704, respectively. Structural equation model analysis showed that χ 2 / df = 3.43 , p < 0.001 , RMSEA = 0.08 , GFI = 0.88 , NFI = 0.84 , AGFI = 0.84 , and CFI = 0.88 . Factor analysis showed that factors F1–F5 had significant correlations ( p < 0.01 ), and the correlation coefficients were less than the corresponding square root value of AVE. Based on the subhealth clinical manifestations of the participants, the general linear model was used to explore the convergent validity of the scale, and the results indicated that the scale passed the convergent validity test. Conclusions. We propose a physical subhealth risk perception scale amounting to 18 items, which includes five dimensions: health knowledge (2 items), risk perception (5 items), trust selection (4 items), information channel (4 items), and social groups (3 items). The reliability and validity of the physical subhealth risk perception scale are acceptable. Applying the scale into practice has potential to improve the overall public health level.

Purpose: This study investigates the structure of physicians' perceived risk of physician-patient relationship from physicians' perspective, compiles the physician-patient relationship perceived risk questionnaire, provides a reliable measurement tool for quantitative research on physician-patient relationship in China, and can lay the theoretical foundation for quantitative control of physician-patient relationship risk.Methods: The initial questionnaire was formed by using literature research, expert correspondence method and applying relevant statistical analysis methods. 553 physicians were conducted to questionnaire survey, and the stability and internal consistency of the questionnaire were tested by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and other statistical analysis.Results: Through exploratory factor analysis, we used principal component analysis and the maximum variation method in the orthogonal axis method. The final scale consisted of 4 dimensions and 16 items. The highest loadings of each factor were >0.40. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.794. All indicators of confirmatory factor analysis and the fitting test of structural model were within the standard range, indicating that the questionnaire has good construct validity. The correlation coefficients of all four factors are less than the square root value of AVE, and absolute values are all less than 0.5, indicating that the factors were correlated and differentiated from each other, which means that the scale data had good discriminant validity.Conclusion: The physician perceived risk of physician-patient relationship questionnaire developed in this study has good reliability and validity. It can be used as assessment tool to measure the perceived risk of physician in physician-patient relationship.

There are disputes on the legal acceptance of occupational claims and the risk of occupational claim spoiling business environment is skyrocketing. How to manage the risk of occupational claims in the business environment is the subject of urgent research, especially COVID-19 is ravaging the world and the risk of economic crisis is increasing dramatically. In this study, we collected 1784 cases of food occupational claims from the Chinese legal documents website. Using Excel, Review Manager 5.0 and SPSS 19.0, the number of cases prosecuted as “consumers” were obtained by means of textual analysis, and the development process was directly influenced by occupational claims, with 2017 as a great value point (watershed); the rate of losing occupational claim cases has been climbing since 2018; and the risk of losing occupational claims is higher than that of true meaningful consumer advocacy cases (Z = 6.99, p

BackgroundWith the implementation of the “double reduction” policy in China, parents of primary and secondary school students are experiencing a growing trend of educational anxiety that needs to be alleviated.ObjectiveTo manage the education anxiety risk of parents of primary and secondary school students, a measurement questionnaire of parents’ anxiety about their children’s education (MQPAE) was developed and its reliability and validity were evaluated.MethodsA self-administered MQPAE was developed. An online crowdsourcing questionnaire platform was used to collect data on parents’ anxiety about their children’s education (PAE), and parents of primary and secondary school students in Hefei, China, were selected as the study population. The randomly extracted 5,747 questionnaires were gradually screened by discrete trend method, t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient method for the initial screening of PAE items, based on which exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted for the final screening of questionnaire items and the reliability of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by internal consistency and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using 639 pre-selected data to investigate the validity of the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the structural validity of the questionnaire, and average variance extracted (AVE), combined reliability (CR), and maximum of shared squared variance (MSV) were used to test for convergent and discriminant validity.ResultsExploratory factor analysis extracted five factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 65.66%. The CFA showed that χ2/df = 4.306, CFI = 0.920, NFI = 0.898, RMSEA = 0.0720.80, PNFI = 0.793 and PGFI = 0.708. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.956, and the factors’ Cronbach’s α coefficients were 0.926, 0.857, 0.913, 0.901, and 0.768, respectively. Repeated measurements of Pearson’s correlation coefficients were 0.908, 0.911, 0.873, 0.891, 0.907 and 0.885 (all p < 0.001). The AVE was greater than 0.5 and the CR was greater than 0.7, and the value of the MSV was less than the corresponding AVE.ConclusionThe MQPAE has good reliability and validity and can be used in studies related to PAE of primary and secondary school students.

To understand the mental health status of adolescents in China and its influencing factors.The stratified cluster sampling method was used to evaluate the mental health status of 5633 adolescents using the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90).There were statistically significant differences in the overall mean score of SCL-90 and the mean score of each subscale among adolescents in gender, grade, family, and region. The mean score of the interpersonal sensitivity and phobic anxiety subscales of the adolescents with rural household registration was higher than that of the urban household registration. Except for hostility and phobic anxiety subscales, there was a significant difference between junior high school and senior high school students in the remaining subscales. There were significant differences between only children and non-only children in the obsessive-compulsive symptoms and phobic anxiety subscales. The mean scores of depression, phobic anxiety, and other subscales of left-behind adolescents were significantly different from those of non-left-behind adolescents. Female gender (OR = 1.789), different-grade (junior high school sophomore: OR = 2.201; junior high school third grade: OR = 2.004; high school freshman: OR = 2.279; high school sophomore: OR = 2.947; high school senior: OR = 2.112), different-region (central region: OR = 1.302; southern region: OR = 1.925) and high school (OR = 1.281) adolescents had a higher risk of mental health problems, while those from two-parent families (OR = 0.68) had a lower risk.This study is a cross-sectional study and not widely representative.Gender, grade, region, and academic period are risk factors, and a two-parent family is a protective factor for adolescents' mental health.

With the improvement of medical level and the increase of people's demand for health services, the imbalance of supply and demand between doctors and patients leads to the increase of the number of doctor-patient risk cases. The tense doctor-patient relationship has attracted the attention of various academic circles. Risk perception has an evaluation effect on the occurrence of doctor-patient risk, and it is also the key to the development of doctor-patient risk events. It is of great significance to grasp the research progress of doctor-patient risk perception in real time for improving the tense situation of doctor-patient relationship, perfecting its guidance mechanism and reducing the doctor-patient risk events. This study is based on the theory of risk perception, through literature review, to explore the research progress of doctor-patient risk perception, and provide theoretical basis for doctor-patient risk management.

Background: Physical sub-health is directly related to people's work effectiveness and quality of life. Sub-health prevention has become an urgent medical problem. Current research on sub-health mainly focuses on the diagnosis, influencing factors and treatment. Based on the proposed physical sub-health risk perception scale, we explore the differences in the demographic factors and the mechanism of risk perception level on physical sub-health to provide data support for the management of public physical sub-health.Methods: Clinical and risk perception data were collected from 770 physical examinees, which were analyzed using SPSS 23.0, R, and Python software. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the influence of demographic variables on physical sub-health and risk perception. Also, this study used a two-way interaction moderated multiple regression approach to examine the moderating effects of demographic variables on physical sub-health and risk perception.Results: Attribute of living place, sub-health duration, marital status, average annual household income, risk perception level were negatively associated with physical sub-health (r= -0.07 ~ -0.17, P < 0.05). The risk perception level was positively correlated with education, attribute of living place,average annual household income, sub-health duration, number of employees in the unit and sub-health proportion in the unit (r= 0.09 ~0.26, P＜0.05), but negatively correlated with age (r= -0.11, P＜0.05). The number of children had a moderating effect on physical sub-health and risk perception (Interaction coefficient α= -0.3, P＜0.05).Conclusions: The factors directly affecting the physical sub-health included age, education, attribute of living place,sub-health duration and sub-health proportion in the unit, while the risk perception level, marital status and average annual household income were found to be indirect influencing factors. The number of children had a moderating effect on physical sub-health and risk perception. Therefore, we suggest attaching importance to public physical exercise and health checkups, correctly guiding public risk perception, and spreading the national policy of bearing and rearing better children etc. to promote the development of public physical health in China.

Based on the meteorological data of Baoshan from 2011 to 2020, this paper used SPSS software to fit the climate change characteristics of dominant wind direction and wind force in Baoshan City in recent 10 years. The results show that the wind direction and wind data of Baoshan from 2011 to 2020 are processed. The main wind force is light wind, accounting for 72.7%. The wind force of 5-6 occurred during February 11-13, 2012 and March 10, 2012. The main wind direction was non-continuous wind direction, accounting for 69.2%. The ARIMA(3,0,1) model in time series analysis theory was used to fit the wind data, and the validity was good.

We uses markov evaluation model to evaluate the effectiveness of STC teaching (STC teaching mode is a method of combining online services and offline services mode of “Self-directed learning-Traditional teaching-Collaborative learning”). In the 2018-2019 academic year, Control class group (traditional teaching mode) and experimental class group (STC teaching mode) will be taught for the Advanced Mathematics Teaching of college students of science. We use the score data of the two classes as the evaluation basis. The results show that the STC teaching effect is significant.

Background The psychological health (PH) of doctors affects the quality of medical service and is related to the safety of patients. The serious problems with the doctor-patient relationship in China can lead to long-term imbalances in doctor PH, and the poor PH status of doctors has raised scholars’ concern. Current research mainly focuses on how factors such as social support and the impact of the residential environment correlate with individual PH. We continue this direction of research to see how the mechanism of social support impacts physician PH, also investigating the moderating effect of demographic indicators on physician PH. Methods Based on a survey of 399 physicians, a descriptive analysis of measured data was done using SPSS 19.0. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to examine the correlations between PH and the social support rating scale (SSRS) and the demographic variables. KMO and Bartlett methods were used to examine the correlations between PH and SDS (a scale to measure depression) and between PH and SAS (a scale to measure anxiety). The method of factor analysis was used for multicollinearity tests, and multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the demographic factors correlated with PH and SSRS. Two-way interactions in moderated multiple regression were used to test the moderating effect of education level and title on SSRS, SDS, and SAS. Results Our results indicate that the level of PH is influenced by the age, education, and title of a doctor. A physician’s title is significantly and positively correlated with PH, but age and education are significantly negatively related. Age, education, and title also affect the level of SSRS in physicians. SSRS is positively correlated with age, education, and title, and SSRS positively influences PH. Education and title had significant effects on the moderating influences of SSRS, SDS, SAS, and PH. Conclusion The factors directly affecting PH include SSRS, age, and title, while education was found to be an indirect influencing factor. To meet goals expressed in Chinese government policy related to these issues, we suggest strengthening the guidance of the media, introducing laws and regulations on doctor-patient risk management and control, reforming the review mechanism of hospital job titles, improving the education level of doctors, building a comprehensive evaluation system of “practice performance + doctor-patient satisfaction”, and strengthening doctor-patient empathy. Through such measures, the level of PH in physicians will improve.

BackgroundThe tension in doctor-patient relationships is becoming progressively greater due to the high expectations of patients and the physicians' work pressure. Recent studies have addressed factors which affect the tension of doctor-patient relationships, and our study continues this trend by looking at the influence of resiliency and physician trust in the patient (PTP), that is, how much the doctor trusts the patient.MethodsBased on a survey of 329 physicians, a descriptive analysis of measured data was done using SPSS 19.0. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to examine the correlation between PTP and resilience and the demographic variables. KMO and Bartlett methods were used to examine the correlation between PTPS and resilience. The method of factor analysis was used for multicollinearity tests, and multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the demographic factors correlated with PTP and resilience.ResultOur results indicate that the level of PTP is influenced by the age, education, and income of the doctors. Physician age and income are significantly and positively correlated with PTP, but education is significantly and negatively related. Age, education, and income also affect the level of psychological resilience of physicians. Resilience is positively correlated with age and education but is negatively related to income. Resilience positively influences PTP.ConclusionThe direct factors of PTP include resilience, age, education, and income, while gender, title, and hospital department were found to be indirect influencing factors. To meet goals expressed in Chinese government policy related to these issues, we suggest improving the level of education of the doctors, providing reasonable annual salary increases for doctors, easing the tensions involved in medical treatment, reducing the physicians' work pressure, improving the physicians' work environment, and enhancing the physicians' professional sympathy. Through such measures, the level of PTP will be enhanced.

To study the clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods of lymphoma with pulmonary symptoms as the initial manifestations.Seventy-nine patients with lymphoma presenting with pulmonary symptoms were retrospectively analyzed. These cases were all diagnosed in The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University during 2007 to 2014. The data were collected, including general features, clinical manifestations, blood examinations, CT scan, diagnostic methods, pathologic diagnosis, misdiagnosis and the reasons.The median age of the 79 patients was 51 years. Cough (66 cases, 84%), expectoration(55 cases, 70%), weight loss (37 cases, 47%), fever (37 cases, 47%), shortness of breath (34 cases, 43%), enlargement of the peripheral lymph nodes (24 cases, 30%), and rales in both sides of the lungs (20 cases, 25%). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CA125 levels were increased in 51% , 37%, and 49% of the patients respectively. Chest CT scan showed bilateral involvement in 49 cases (62%), unilateral involvement in 23 cases (29%), and mediastinum occupying lesions in 11 cases (14%). The lesions included nodules and masses, infiltration and pulmonary consolidation, diffuse ground-glass shadows or reticular changes, and pleural effusion. Fifty patients had at least 2 kinds of these radiological changes. The pleural effusion of 21 patients were examined, and 20 of them were exudates. Pleural effusion LDH/serum LDH3.5, pleural effusion CEA/serum CEA1, and pleural effusion CA125 increase were present in 1, 4, and 5 patients respectively. The median value of the pleural effusion LDH and ADA were 224 U/L and 21 U/L. Several methods were used for diagnosis, including transbronchial biopsy(40 cases), peripheral lymph node biopsy (21 cases), percutaneous lung biopsy (8 cases), video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (3 cases), gastroscopic biopsy (1 case), enteroscopic biopsy (1 cases), pleural mass biopsy (1 case), sternal mass biopsy (1 case), scalp mass biopsy (1 case), mammary glands biopsy (1 case) and pharyngeal biopsy (1 case). The pathological study showed that 8 cases were Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 71 cases were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The median misdiagnosis time was 3 months.The clinical symptoms and radiological features were diverse and nonspecific in patients with lymphoma presented by pulmonary symptoms. Pathological biopsy should be considered early to avoid delay in diagnosis.

To explore the effect of arousal parameters on excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS).A total of 205 patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) from June 2012 to September 2013 in our hospital were enrolled. They were divided into 3 groups:85 patients in the OSAS sleepiness group (AHI ≥ 5/h, ESS ≥ 9), 86 patients in the OSAS non-sleepiness group (AHI ≥ 5/h, ESS9), and 34 healthy subjects in the control group (AHI5 times/h, ESS9). Patient characteristics and PSG parameters of the 3 groups were analyzed.The difference of age, BMI, ESS, N1+ N2%, N3%, AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), mean oxygen saturation (MSaO₂), lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO₂), oxygen below 90% of the time (T90%), total arousal index (ARtotI), respiratory arousal index/ARtotI (RAI/ARtotI), spontaneous arousal index/ARtotI (SAI/ARtotI), sleep pressure score (SPS) were statistically different among the 3 groups (P0.05). But except for REM% [(15 ± 5)%, (16 ± 6)%, (17 ± 7)%, P0.05], the difference of age and BMI between OSAS sleepiness group and OSAS non-sleepiness group were not significant (P0.016 7), but the difference of other indices between any 2 groups were significant (P0.016 7). ARtotI and SPS were positively correlated with ESS (r = 0.383 and 0.244, P0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that only awakening and SPS were the risk factors for OSAS [OR = 1.070 (95% CI: 1.038 - 1.102) and 0.158 (95% CI: 0.026 - 0.984), respectively].Arousal at night is closely associated with EDS in OSAS. ARtotI and SPS can be evaluated as an objective indicator of EDS in OSAS patients.