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With the continuous development of the social productive forces and the rapid growth of the demand for various professional and technical personnel, China's vocational education has entered a new stage of continuous progress. The implementation of the ‘double reduction’ policy and the popularization of the quality education concept has opened up a broad space for China's vocational education. This trend has also aroused heated discussion among the public. In view of the current educational situation in China, Various experts have raised relevant questions: Is China's current educational environment conducive to the implementation of a vocational education system? And is there any defect in the current vocational education system? Based on these problems, after learning about the fact that China imitated the German education system, and the great success of German action to balance education, talent, and market. This paper aims to make a comparative analysis of dual-track education in Germany and the typical characteristics of vocational education in China. Therefore, this paper contributes to providing inspiration for the future development of vocational education in China and helping develop a vocational education system with Chinese characteristics.

Ultrasound sound-speed tomography (USST) is a promising technology for breast imaging and breast cancer detection. Its reconstruction is a complex non-linear mapping from the projection data to the sound-speed image (SSI). The traditional reconstruction methods include mainly the ray-based methods and the waveform-based methods. The ray-based methods with linear approximation have low computational cost but low reconstruction quality; the full wave-based methods with the complex non-linear model have high quality but high cost. To achieve both high quality and low cost, we introduced traditional linear approximation as prior knowledge into a deep neural network and treated the complex non-linear mapping of USST reconstruction as a combination of linear mapping and non-linear mapping. In the proposed method, the linear mapping was seamlessly implemented with a fully connected layer and initialized using the Tikhonov pseudo-inverse matrix. The non-linear mapping was implemented using a U-shape Net (U-Net). Furthermore, we proposed the Tikhonov U-shape net (TU-Net), in which the linear mapping was done before the non-linear mapping, and the U-shape Tikhonov net (UT-Net), in which the non-linear mapping was done before the linear mapping. Moreover, we conducted simulations and experiments for evaluation. In the numerical simulation, the root-mean-squared error was 6.49 and 4.29 m/s for the UT-Net and TU-Net, the peak signal-to-noise ratio was 49.01 and 52.90 dB, the structural similarity was 0.9436 and 0.9761 and the reconstruction time was 10.8 and 11.3 ms, respectively. In this study, the SSIs obtained with the proposed methods exhibited high sound-speed accuracy. Both the UT-Net and the TU-Net achieved high quality and low computational cost.

Background: Despite recognition in the West that military veterans experience more mental health issues than the general population, little research has focused on this subject in China. This study examined the associations between male veterans’ military experience and depressionin China. Methods: A sample of 12,914 men including 669 veterans was included in the final analysis and propensity score matching, multivariable regressions were used. Results: The military experience was associated with a lower likelihood of depression in male veterans. In the subgroup analysis, military experience was associated with a lower likelihood of depression among married and urban male veterans. Military experience was also associated with a lower likelihood of depression in both “junior college and above” and “below junior college” groups. In contrast, evidence was lacking regarding the associations between military experience and depression for unmarried and rural veterans. Conclusions: Individual characteristics could influence the relationship between military experience and depression in male veterans, and the mental health of veterans should be paid more attention and guaranteed.

Background Aberrant expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) contributes to the initiation and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) is a well‐known modulator of hypoxia‐induced PH. The role and underlying mechanism of circRNAs in the regulation of HIF expression remains elusive. Methods and Results We profiled pulmonary artery transcriptomes using RNA sequencing and screened circRNAs associated with hypoxia treatment. The expression of a novel circRNA, circ_chr11_67292179–67294612 (circ‐myh8), was increased by hypoxia in a time‐dependent manner. We evaluated the effects of circ‐myh8 overexpression by adeno‐associated virus or inhibition by short hairpin RNA on proliferation and cell cycling in mice and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Overexpression of circ‐myh8 promotes PH under normoxia, and disruption of circ‐myh8 by short hairpin RNA mitigates PH in chronic hypoxic mice. Biologically, circ‐myh8 induces the proliferation and cell‐cycle progression of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, RNA pull‐down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to examine the interaction of circRNAs with the binding protein KAT7 (lysine acetyltransferase 7). The acetylation level of lysine 5 of histone H4 in the transcriptional initiation region of HIF1α was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay followed by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Circ‐myh8 acts as a modular scaffold to recruit histone acetyltransferase KAT7 to the promoters of HIF1α, which elicits acetylation of lysine 5 of histone H4 in their promoters. Conclusions Our findings not only reveal the pivotal roles of circ‐myh8 in governing histone modification in anti‐PH treatment but also advocate triggering the circ‐myh8/KAT7/HIF1α pathway to combat PH.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-inq-10.1177_00469580231155295 for The Value of Handgrip Strength and Self-Rated Squat Ability in Predicting Mild Cognitive Impairment: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model by Han Xiao, Hou Fangfang, Wang Qiong, Zhou Shuai, Zhang Jingya, Lou Xu, Shen Guodong and Zhang Yan in INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-inq-10.1177_00469580231155295 for The Value of Handgrip Strength and Self-Rated Squat Ability in Predicting Mild Cognitive Impairment: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model by Han Xiao, Hou Fangfang, Wang Qiong, Zhou Shuai, Zhang Jingya, Lou Xu, Shen Guodong and Zhang Yan in INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-inq-10.1177_00469580231155295 for The Value of Handgrip Strength and Self-Rated Squat Ability in Predicting Mild Cognitive Impairment: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model by Han Xiao, Hou Fangfang, Wang Qiong, Zhou Shuai, Zhang Jingya, Lou Xu, Shen Guodong and Zhang Yan in INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing

Objective To explore the application value of breast cancer tumor markers tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) detection alone or in combination for the monitoring of distant metastasis of breast cancer. Method The clinical data of 389 female breast cancer patients admitted to Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2016 to March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Serum levels of TPS, CA125, CA15-3, and CEA were compared to analyze their significance in prediction distant metastasis of breast cancer. The patients were divided into the distant metastatic group and the non-metastatic group according to whether the patients had distant metastasis. The non-metastatic group was divided into the control group and the occult metastasis group according to whether distant metastases occurred in 3 years after treatment. Result The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that all four markers had the diagnostic value in distant metastasis of breast cancer (AUCTPS = 0.754, AUC15-3 = 0.821, AUCCEA = 0.755, AUCCA125 = 0.651) and in occult metastasis in 3 years after treatment (AUCTPS = 0.751, AUC15-3 = 0.744, AUCCEA = 0.725, AUCCA125 = 0.661). To estimate whether the discrimination ability could be improved by marker panels, we established marker panels composed of TPS, CA125, CA15-3, and CEA. To discriminate distant metastasis from non-distant metastasis, the diagnostic ability of different panels composed of TPS, CA125, CA15-3 and CEA did not show significant difference compared with single CA15-3 (P > 0.05). To discriminate occult metastasis from the control group, no significant difference was shown in AUC between marker panels and single marker (P > 0.05). However, the sensitivity was improved when the marker-panels were used overall. Conclusion All tumor markers have abilities in prediction of distant metastasis of breast cancer. The combined detection of the markers is more valuable than using single tumor marker in improving sensitivity. Two markers' panels are more suitable for the prediction of distant metastasis of breast cancer than three or four makers' panels with the similar sensitivity and AUC.

Lipidomics and metabolomics are closely related to tumor phenotypes, and serum lipoprotein subclasses and small-molecule metabolites are considered as promising biomarkers for breast cancer (BC) diagnosis. This study aimed to explore potential biomarker models based on lipidomic and metabolomic analysis that could distinguish BC from healthy controls (HCs) and triple-negative BC (TNBC) from non-TNBC.Blood samples were collected from 114 patients with BC and 75 healthy controls (HCs). A total of 112 types of lipoprotein subclasses and 30 types of small-molecule metabolites in the serum were detected byWe developed a valid discriminant model based on three-biomarker panel (formic acid, TPA2, and L6TG) that could distinguish patients with BC from HCs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.999 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.995-1.000) and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.959-1.000) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Based on the panel (D-dimer, CA15-3, CEA, L5CH, glutamine, and ornithine), a discriminant model was established to differentiate between TNBC and non-TNBC, with AUC of 0.892 (95% CI: 0.778-0.967) and 0.905 (95% CI: 0.754-0.987) in the training and validation sets, respectively.This study revealed lipidomic and metabolomic differences between BC versus HCs and TNBC versus non-TNBC. Two validated discriminatory models established against lipidomic and metabolomic differences can accurately distinguish BC from HCs and TNBC from non-TNBC.Two validated discriminatory models can be used for early BC screening and help BC patients avoid time-consuming, expensive, and dangerous BC screening. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

IntroductionDelayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) is a common post-surgical complication among the elderly. Cognitive frailty (CF) is also an age-related medical syndrome. However, little is known about the association between CF and DNR. Therefore, this study aimed to study whether CF is associated with DNR in elderly patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery, as well as to explore the potential risk factors for DNR in frail elderly individuals and construct a prediction model.MethodsThis prospective cohort study administered a battery of cognitive and frailty screening instruments for 146 individuals (≥65 years old) scheduled for elective noncardiac surgery. Screening for CF was performed at least one day before surgery, and tests for the presence of DNR were performed seven days after surgery. The association between CF and DNR was investigated. Moreover, the study subjects were randomly divided into a modeling group (70%) and a validation group (30%). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze the modeling group data and identify the independent risk factors for DNR. The R software was used to construct DNR's nomogram model, verifying the model.ResultsIn total, 138 individuals were eligible. Thirty-three cases were diagnosed with DNR (23.9%). No significant difference in the number of patients with CF was observed between the DNR and non-DNR groups (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis after adjusting relevant risk factors showed that only the judgment of line orientation (JLOT) test score significantly affected the incidence of DNR. After internal validation of the constructed DNR prediction model, the area under the curve (AUC) of the forecast probability for the modeling population (n = 97) for DNR was 0.801, and the AUC for the validation set (n = 41) was 0.797. The calibration curves of both the modeling and validation groups indicate that the prediction model has good stability.ConclusionCognitive frailty is not an independent risk factor in predicting DNR after noncardiac surgery in frail elderly individuals. The preoperative JLOT score is an independent risk factor for DNR in frail elderly individuals. The prediction model has a good degree of discrimination and calibration, which means that it can individually predict the risk probability of DNR in frail elderly individuals.

Background Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) is the most common histological type of cervical cancer which is the major cause of death in women worldwide. Although squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) is widely used to detect CESC, it is not sensitive and specific enough to predict the disease. Methods We investigated serum CXC motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) as potential diagnostic biomarker in detecting CESC in this study. Serum levels of CXCL10 and SCC-Ag were measured by ELISA or automated immunoassay in 345 participants, including 189 patients with different stages of CESC, 75 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and 81 healthy individuals. Performances of CXCL10 and SCC-Ag as single biomarkers were analyzed by the ROC curves. The changes of serum levels of CXCL10 and SCC-Ag in 10 longitudinal followed-up CESC patients with partial response (PR) during chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy were evaluated. Results The two markers showed similar diagnostic capacity in distinguishing both CESC early stage from healthy controls (AUCCXCL10 = 0.740, AUCSCC-Ag = 0.710) and all CESC from healthy controls (AUCCXCL10 = 0.775, AUCSCC-Ag =0.793). Moreover, CXCL10 showed ability in distinguishing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia from healthy control (AUCCXCL10 = 0.727) and cervical cancer SCC-Ag-negative from healthy control. (AUCCXCL10 = 0.739). The combination of CXCL10 and SCC-Ag displayed significant improvement of AUCs than individual SCC-Ag or CXCL10 in the analysis groups (healthy vs all cervical cancer, healthy vs cervical cancer early stage). The AUCs were improved to 0.877 (AUCSCC-Ag = 0.793, P P P P = 0.013), whose consistent and inconsistent frequency with the response were the same as serum SCC-Ag levels. Conclusions The results indicated that CXCL10 is a potential serum biomarker complementing SCC-Ag in prediction of CESC. CXCL10 showed ability in the diagnosis of SCC-Ag negative CESC and the combination of CXCL10 and SCC-Ag inhibited improved performance compared with SCC-Ag alone.

Background and aimsMaternal depression before and after delivery has dramatically increased in China. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between antepartum and postpartum depression and neonatal outcomes.DesignA population-based retrospective cohort study.SettingChina.ParticipantsData were obtained from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Different mother-child/infant samples were included in this study. Mother in CFPS2012 and CFPS2016 were linked with 1–2-year-old children in CFPS2014 and CFPS2018, respectively. Besides, and mothers in CFPS2012, CFPS2016, and CFPS2018 were linked with 0–1-year-old infants in CFPS2012, CFPS2016, and CFPS2018, respectively.MethodsMaternal depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The neonatal outcomes included duration of gestational days, preterm birth, birth weight, birth weight z-score, weight, weight z-score, illness in the past month, and hospitalization in the past year. Propensity score matching was used to balance maternal, family, and infant/child characteristics between the maternal depression and non-maternal depression groups.ResultsMultivariable regression analysis of matched samples estimated that antepartum depression was associated with a shorter duration of gestation by 3.99 days (95% confidence interval [CI] = −7.21, −0.78). The association between antepartum depression and preterm birth, birth weight and birth weight z-score were not statistically significant. Postpartum depression was associated with more episodes of illness in the last month by 0.23 times (95% CI = 0.11, 0.36) and a higher odd of hospitalization in the previous year (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.15, 2.20). The association between postpartum depression and weight or the weight z-score was not significant.ConclusionMaternal depression appears to be associated with worse neonatal outcomes.

Electrochemical active silicon has attracted great attention as anodes for lithium-ion batteries owing to a high theoretical capacity of 4200 mA h g

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), a key part of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, plays an integral role in the differentiation and immune responses of intrinsic immune cells and regulates the mediation of cytokines. TYK2 leads to inflammatory cascade responses in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), especially psoriasis. Small-molecule TYK2 inhibitors are considered to be an effective strategy for modulating psoriasis. Here, we attempt to review the pro-inflammatory mechanisms of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, the regulatory roles of TYK2 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and provide updates on ongoing and recently completed trials of TYK2 inhibitors.

Devising new versatile catalytic systems for the efficient removal of chlorinated environmental pollutants from water has enormous implications for the environment and human health. By combining the advantages of both electrochemistry and nanotechnology, here we report a conceptually new, general approach of electrochemical-driven nanoparticulate catalysis for highly efficient dehalogenation of organic chlorides. By implementing this strategy, a continuous-flow removal of 4-chlorophenol was rapidly achieved with 100% of dechlorination efficiency within 120 min, and importantly, the dechlorination product phenol could further undergo hydrogenation reaction to completely transform into the mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol, significantly better than any reported catalytic methods. The essence of activation mechanism was attributed to the electric field-driven nanoparticles for activating the electrogenerated H2 to make numerous reactive species (e.g., atomic hydrogen) and for promoting direct electron transfer on the particles surface, thereby efficiently enabling their fast reactions with the adjacent pollutants. By conducting cyclic voltammetry and atomic-hydrogen quenching investigations, we first showed the direct and indirect reduction of chlorinated environmental pollutants in the voltammogram and provided a new evidence for the presence of these two mechanisms in the dehalogenation process. This work provides the first insight into electrochemical-driven nanoparticulate catalysis for dehalogenation of chlorinated environmental pollutants, showing a promising application for the remediation of these contaminants in water.

Clinical research data show that gefitinib greatly improves the progression‐free survival of patients, so it is used in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation. However, some patients with EGFR sensitive mutations do not have good effects on initial gefitinib treatment, and this mechanism is rarely studied. METTL3, a part of N6‐adenosine‐methyltransferase, has been reported to play an important role in a variety of tumours. In this study, we found that METTL3 is up‐regulated in gefitinib‐resistant tissues compared to gefitinib‐sensitive tissues. Cell function experiments have proved that under the treatment of gefitinib, METTL3 knockdown promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of lung cancer cells. Mechanistic studies have shown that METTL3 combines with MET and causes the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway to be manipulated, which affects the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to gefitinib. Therefore, our research shows that METTL3 can be used as a molecular marker to predict the efficacy of EGFR‐TKI therapy in patients, and METTL3 may be a potential therapeutic target.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is becoming increasingly common. Effective self-management during the "Blanking Period" is critical. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model can be used to study health behaviors in chronic disease patients, but it has not been studied in AF patients.The goal of this study was to explore the influencing factors and interaction pathways of self-management behavior in AF patients during the "Blanking Period" using the IMB model.From June to December 2021, a cross-sectional design was conducted. Patients with AF during the "Blanking Period" (N=220) were recruited. They filled out several quantitative questionnaires, including the Jessa Atrial Fibrillation Knowledge Questionnaire, the Confidence in Atrial Fibrillation Management Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale, and the Self-care Scale for Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis.Total score of self-management behavior was (33.83 ± 10.66). AF knowledge (β = 0.252, P0.001), self-management confidence (β = 0.219, P0.001), social support (β = 0.291, P0.001), and health literacy (β = 0.262, P0.001) were all positively correlated with patients' self-management behavior, accounting for 66.50 percent of the total variance.During the "Blanking Period", the IMB model can be used to predict the factors that influence self-management behavior in AF patients. By using IMB model, interventions targeting patient-specific influencing factors could improve self-management behavior and quality of life in AF patients.

As a valuable platform chemical, 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) has a variety of industrial applications, and its microbial production is particularly attractive as an alternative to petroleum-based production. In this study, the regulation of intracellular carbon flux and NADH/NAD

The Permian Lucaogou Formation (P2l) in the Jimusaer Sag, Junggar Basin is an essential source rock and a tight oil-producing layer in China. The source rock of the Lucaogou Formation is characteri...

Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) was reported to possess anticancer activities through its effect on tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Here, we described the synthesis of a novel series of 1,5-disubstituted isatin derivatives with 2-indolinone scaffold as antitumor agents. Most of the synthesized compounds revealed potent antiproliferative effects in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines, among which 7l possessed promising activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.4 to 1.3 μM. Following flow cytometric analysis, compound 7l efficiently arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induced apoptosis. Thus, this study shows promise in therapeutics of 1,5-disubstituted isatin derivatives in MCL and provides novel potential and efficient antitumor agents.

Objectives Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor with poor detection sensitivity and specificity in biomarkers and diagnosis. Previous research indicated that serum Ephrin type-A receptor 2 in exosomes (Exo-EphA2) was highly expressed and might have facilitated cell migration in PC cells. However, the dynamics of clinical performance of serum Exo-EphA2 in PC patients are unknown. Thus, this study evaluated serum Exo-EphA2 as a potential diagnostic biomarker in PC. Methods The expressions of serum Exo-EphA2 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for N = 353 serum samples, including from 204 PC patients, 75 patients with benign pancreatic disease, and 74 healthy control patients. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carbohydrate antigen 242 (CA 242) were measured by automated immunoassay. Results Serum Exo-EphA2 levels were significantly higher in PC patients than in benign pancreatic disease and healthy control patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that using combined diagnoses of Exo-EphA2 with CA 19-9 and CA 242 was more effective to discriminate early stage (stage I and II) in PC than in healthy controls and benign disease patients. Conclusions Novel findings suggest that serum Exo-EphA2 is a potential early diagnostic biomarker complementing CA 19-9 and CA 242 in PC.

Diel rhythm in activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as contents of glutathione and lipid peroxides, has been intensively investigated in Mammalia and Aves, however, the relevant studies about fish are few. In the present study, we examined variation in contents of cortisol, glucose and lactic acid in plasma of black sea bass Centropristis striata under natural photoperiod during a 24-h period. In addition, variation in activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as contents of total glutathione (T-GSH), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and plasma of the fish were also determined. The plasma and liver samples were collected from the test fish at 3 h intervals during a 24-h cycle, with the first sampling time set at 03:00 h. No significant differences were found in glucose content and activities of GSH-PX and GR in plasma, as well as activities of SOD and GR in liver among different sampling times. In contrast, apparent variation was observed in contents of cortisol, lactic acid and MDA in plasma, activities of SOD and CAT in plasma, contents of MDA, T-GSH, GSH and GSSG in liver and activities of GSH-PX and CAT in liver between different sampling times. Moreover, contents of cortisol and MDA in plasma, SOD activity in plasma, and contents of MDA, GSH and GSSG in liver exhibited circadian rhythm, and their acrophases occurred at 06:08 h, 18:38 h, 15:09 h, 09:57 h, 23:36 h and 07:30 h, respectively. The present study indicates that some physiological parameters relating to stress response, such as cortisol and MDA contents in plasma, MDA, GSH and GSSG contents in liver and SOD activity in plasma changed at different time throughout a day in black sea bass. Therefore, caution should be taken when evaluating stress response in fish with these physiological parameters measured at different times.

Outbreaks of Pseudorabies (PR) by numerous highly virulent and antigenic variant Pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains have been causing severe economic losses to the pig industry in China since 2011. However, current commercial vaccines are often unable to induce thorough protective immunity. In this study, a TK/gI/gE deleted recombinant PRV expressing GM-CSF was developed by using the HDR-CRISPR/Cas9 system. Here, a four-sgRNA along with the Cas9

The exploration and development of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin has achieved a major breakthrough, with the result that a national shale oil demonstration area is being built. The shale in the Sanzhao Sag is abundant in organic matter and is an important replacement area. For this reason, it has recently become a focus for research and exploration. Compared with the Gulong Sag, the Qingshankou Formation in the Sanzhao Sag is relatively immature, and comparatively little is known about its pore structure. For this study, well ZY1, a key well in the Sanzhao Sag, was selected as the research object. Thin section observation, high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, Modular Automated Processing Systemimaging, X-ray diffraction of whole rock and clay, TOC pyrolysis, and Low-pressure N2 adsorption were used to investigate the pore structure in the sag to determine the factors influencing pore development. The principal understandings are as follows: (1) The Qingshankou Formation in the Sanzhao Sag is predominantly clay shale, with a high content of clay minerals (32.8 to 70%) and TOC contents of 0.7 to 11%. These values indicate good hydrocarbon generation potential. (2) Interparticle pores, intraparticle pores, and organic matter pores are developed. Intergranular pores are the main type, mostly observed between granular minerals or between granular minerals and clays. Intraparticle pores are observed in pyrite mass and dissolved unstable minerals. Organic matter pores (OMP) occur in primary organic matter and migrate into solid bitumen. (3) The shale pores in the Sanzhao Sag are mainly H3-type slit pores, with specific surface areas of 5.4~22.9 m2/g and pore volumes of 0.03~0.07 cm3/g. Mesopores make the largest contribution to pore volume and specific surface area. Scanning electron microscope (MAPS) imaging shows that the pore size distribution of shale is mainly 20~30 nm and 100~200 nm and that large pores, especially pores of 100~200 nm and 1~2 μm, make the largest contribution to the facies. (4) The pore structure in the Sanzhao Sag is affected by mineral composition, abundance of organic matter, thermal evolution degree, and diagenesis. Organic-inorganic interactions influence and determine the pore structure characteristics of the Qingshankou Formation shale. This paper is intended to provide scientific guidance and technical support for evaluating the effectiveness of shale oil reservoirs and selecting sweet spots in the Sanzhao Sag.

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the three major disabling diseases in the world. However, the current disease burden in China is not well-known. This study aimed to explore the burden and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders in China from 1990 to 2019, predicting the incidence trend from 2020 to 2044. All data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Joinpoint regression and age–period–cohort (APC) models were selected to analyze the epidemic trend, and descriptive analyses of the time trends and age distributions of risk factors were performed. The Bayesian APC model was used to foresee the incidence trend from 2020 to 2044. The results indicated that the burden of musculoskeletal disorders is higher in women and older adults. Its attributable risk factors were found to be tobacco, a high body mass index, kidney dysfunction and occupational risks. In 2044, musculoskeletal disorders in China showed a downward trend for 35–59-year-olds and a slight upward trend for 30–34- and 65–84-year-olds. The 70–74 year age group saw the largest increase in incidence at 4.66%. Overall, the incidence increased with age. Therefore, prevention and control policies should focus on women and the elderly, and health interventions should be carried out based on risk factors.

There are four JAK subtypes: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2). Small molecule Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) inhibitors can inhibit a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Baricitinib is the first generation of JAK1/2 inhibitor targeting the ATPase of JAK, which blocks the intracellular transmission of cytokines through JAK-STATs. Thus far, it has been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, an increasing number of studies have suggested that baricitinib can be used to treat dermatological diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata. Baricitinib can be a new choice for the treatment of dermatological diseases, which cannot be treated with conventional drugs. We reviewed the application, efficacy, side effects, precautions, limitations and prospect of baricitinib in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo and alopecia areata (AA) in recent 5 years including clinical trials and case reports. Among them, the application in the field of alopecia areata is the most encouraging, and we reviewed the mechanism in detail.

Based on energy balance theory, using Theil–Sen median trend analysis and the Mann–Kendall test, this research studied the applicability of the complementary theory of evapotranspiration (ET) over Ningxia in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River with MOD16 ET product and the measured data of meteorological stations, based on which ET drought index (EDI) was proposed for the first time. Moreover, the usability of EDI was also verified and its influencing factors were analyzed. The results revealed that there was a complementary relationship between AET and PET in 91.1% of the area in Ningxia, including strictly complementary and asymmetrically complementary relationships in 69.2% and 21.9% of the total area, respectively. EDI ranged from 0 to 1 and was useful to accurately reflect the degree of drought of the study area on the annual and monthly scales. From 2001 to 2020, the average annual EDI was 0.66, and the smallest monthly EDI was in January and the largest was in May. EDI of different time scales had different influencing factors. Precipitation was the most influencing factor of annual EDI, but the influencing factors of monthly EDI was different over time. However, surface non-precipitation water replenishment, such as irrigation, had great impact both on annual EDI and monthly EDI. The application scope of the theory of ET complementarity was extended to the study area for the first time, and EDI was proposed and applied, which will provide a theoretical basis and empirical reference for drought research based on ET data in arid and semi-arid areas.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a general complication following cardiac and major non-cardiac surgery amongst the elderly, yet its causes and mechanisms are still unknown. The present study aimed to detect whether regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) is altered in the brain before surgery in POCD patients compared with non-POCD (NPOCD) patients, thus, CBF variation may potentially predict the occurrence of early POCD.Methods: Fifty patients scheduled for spinal stenosis surgery were enrolled in the study. All study participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests (NPTs) by a well-trained neuropsychologist before the surgery and 1 week after the surgery. POCD was defined when the preoperative to postoperative difference of at least two of the NPTs’ |Z|-scores with reference to a control group exceeded 1.96. Pulsed arterial spin-labeling (ASL) MRI was scanned at least 1 day before surgery. The ASLtbx toolkit and SPM12 were applied to preprocess and correct the images, which were then normalized to the MNI brain template space to obtain standardized cerebral perfusion images.Results: POCD was identified in 11 out of 50 patients (22%). The CBF of the right superior temporal lobe, right and left middle cingulate gyrus, and the right hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus in POCD group was lower than that in NPOCD group (P < 0.001). The CBF of the pars triangularis of inferior frontal gyrus in POCD group was higher than that in NPOCD group (P < 0.001).Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that CBF premorbid alterations may happen in cognitively intact elderly patients that develop early POCD. Alterations of preoperative CBF might be a bio-marker for early POCD that can be detected by noninvasive MRI scans.

Background and Purpose Ferroptosis is a new form of cell death discovered in recent years. PH is a pulmonary circulatory disease partially characterized by small pulmonary vessel remodeling and fibrosis. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether ferroptosis is involved in PH. Here, this study examined the role and regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis in PH and pulmonary fibrosis. Experimental Approach To evaluate the occurrence of ferroptosis in rat PH models and in hypoxic PASMCs, MDA, GSH and iron assay were performed. The therapeutic potential of ferroptosis inhibitor fer-1 was evaluated using echocardiography, hemodynamic analysis and ventricular weight measurement in rat PH models. Ferroptosis-related molecule was determined by western blotting and RT-PCR. Changes in autophagy and fibrosis were analyzed by western blotting analysis, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Key Results Ferroptosis was existence in vivo and vitro PH models. The fer-1 significantly improved the pathological symptoms of PH and inhibited the occurrence of pulmonary vascular fibrosis. GPX4 was significantly lower expression in PH models, and serves as a key driver of PH-related ferroptosis. A KEGG pathway analysis and RT-PCR detection revealed that GPX4 drives ferroptosis in an autophagy-dependent manner. The RIP experiment verified that WTAP bound to the GPX4 pre-mRNA, induced m6A methylation and promoted its pre-mRNA degradation, thereby reducing the expression of GPX4 in hypoxic PASMCs. Conclusion and Implications This study proposed ferroptosis as a novel form of cell death in PH, and revealed the regulatory mechanism of the ferroptosis in PH, which is based on GPX4 m6A methylation regulated by WTAP.

2,3-Indolinedione derivatives have been identified as a novel class of promising agents for cancer treatment. In this study, eighteen 2,3-indolinedione derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their anticancer activities against mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells were evaluated. Most of them exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against the tested cell lines, and compound K5 was the most potent (MCL cellular IC50 = 0.4–0.7 μM). Further, compound K5 could induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Additionally, the results of drug-likeness analysis demonstrated that these novel 2,3-indolinedione derivatives could have potential as novel treatment strategies for MCL.