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Toe injuries are common in the emergency department and most of them are treated conservatively. In some circumstances, these injuries can present as a physeal fracture with concomitant soft-tissue injury affecting the nail bed and resulting in a hidden open fracture. To adequately treat these patients, a high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose and treat the open fractures and to prevent complications such as infection, osteomyelitis, malunion and premature physeal arrest.We report a case of a patient that was admitted to the hospital with a Salter-Harris type I fracture of the distal phalanx of the hallux. After confirming the diagnosis, antibiotic treatment was started and the fracture was reduced and fixed.The literature on this entity is sparse and most of the management protocols are based on its hand equivalent—the Seymour fracture, emphasising the low threshold for treating these lesions as an open fracture.

Objective: This study aims to compare the use of halo-gravity traction (HGT) with and without previous anterior release, in terms of curve reduction, for the treatment of pediatric severe spinal deformity. Methods: From 2010 to 2016, all patients treated with HGT prior to instrumentation for scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis were reviewed. They were assessed by deformity etiology, previous anterior release, instrumentation procedure used, traction protocol, major Cobb angle before traction, after the protocol, and after the instrumentation procedure. Twelve patients met these criteria and constituted the sample groups: Group I (n=7) with anterior release and Group II (n=5) without anterior release. Results: The average pre-traction major curve Cobb angles were 114.9o and 108.4º for Group I and II, respectively (P>0.05). After HGT, both groups achieved a significant reduction in curve angle (P0.05). No major HGT related complications were reported. Conclusions: Anterior release prior to HGT did not increase major curve correction after posterior surgery for severe pediatric idiopathic and syndromic scoliosis. HGT is an effective and safe technique, though it frequently presents minor and transitory complications. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective Comparative Study.

ResumenEl propósito del presente estudio fue descubrir las rela­ciones entre los comportamientos del entrenador percibi­dos por los deportistas durante el entrenamiento y la competición y la cooperación a través de la red baye­siana. Los deportistas masculinos profesionales de varios deportes de equipo (N = 158) completaron la versión portuguesa de la Escala de Liderazgo para el Deporte y el Cuestionario de Cooperación Deportiva para evaluar la cooperación. Se identificaron relaciones entre los comportamientos percibidos del entrenador en entornos de entrenamiento y competición y la tendencia de los atletas a cooperar. En general, los hallazgos apoyan que, en el deporte, los comportamientos del entrenador con­gruentes con las necesidades individuales de los atletas y adaptados a las demandas situacionales pueden promo­ver el comportamiento prosocial. AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to discover the relationships between athletes’ perceived coach behaviors during training and competition, and cooperation via Bayesian network (BN). Professional male atheletes from several team sports (N = 158) completed the Portuguese version of the Leadership Scale for Sport and the Questionário de Cooperação Desportiva to assess cooperation. Relationships were identified between perceived coach behaviors in training and competition environments and with athletes tendency to cooperate. Overall, the findings support that in sports, coaching behaviours congruent with the athletes’ individual needs and adapted to the situational demands may promote prosocial behaviour.

This study attempts to analyze the relationship between two key psychological variables associated with performance in sports - Self-Determined Motivation and Competitive Anxiety - through Bayesian Networks (BN) analysis. We analyzed 674 university students that are athletes from 44 universities that competed at the University Games in Mexico, with an average age of 21 years (SD = 2.07) and with a mean of 8.61 years' (SD = 5.15) experience in sports. Methods: Regarding the data analysis, firstly, classification using the CHAID algorithm was carried out to determine the dependence links between variables; Secondly, a BN was developed to reduce the uncertainty in the relationships between the two key psychological variables. The validation of the BN revealed AUC values ranging from 0.5 to 0.92. Subsequently, various instantiations were performed with hypothetical values applied to the "bottom" variables. Results showed two probability trees that have extrinsic motivation and amotivation at the top, while the anxiety/activation due to worries about performance was at the bottom of the probabilities. The instantiations carried out support the existence of these probabilistic relationships, demonstrating their scarce influence on anxiety about competition generated by the intrinsic motivation, and the complex probabilistic effect of introjected and identified regulation regarding the appearance of anxiety due to worry about performance. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In team sports, athletes' goals may focus on the task (enhancing performance, developing better skills, etc.) or on ego (being better than the others, achieving superiority, etc.). This study investigated the relationships between athletes' goal orientation and their tendency to cooperate with teammates and coaches. 158 professional men ( M age = 24.1 yr., SD = 4.6) who played on various sport teams participated in this study. Goal orientation was measured with the Portuguese version of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire, and cooperation was measured with the Questionário de Cooperação Desportiva. Cooperation was positively correlated with task orientation, and negatively correlated with ego orientation. Overall, the findings support that in sports, directing the players' focus on task may promote prosocial behavior.

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y analizar los beneficios percibidos asociados a la lesión deportiva, en 16 futbolistas profesionales y semiprofesionales que se habían lesionado durante su práctica deportiva. Para la recogida de datos se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, siendo el análisis de contenido efectuado través del software QSR Nvivo 2.0. Los participantes reportaron 31 beneficios percibidos en todo su proceso de lesión, siendo el apoyo social y la educación deportiva los más referidos. Las conclusiones apuntan para la importancia de incluir aspectos positivos para una comprensión más clara y completa del impacto global de las lesiones deportivas. The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the perceived benefits associated with sports injury in 16 professional and semi-professional players who were injured during sports practice. For data collection semi-structured interviews were conducted, content analyses being performed through the QSR Nvivo 2.0 software. 31 participants reported perceived benefits throughout the injury process, with social support and sports education referrals. The findings point to the importance of including positive aspects for a clearer and more complete understanding of the overall impact of sports injuries. O objectivo do estudo foi identificar e analisar os benefícios percebidos associados à lesão desportiva em 16 jogadores profissionais e semiprofissionais que se lesionaram durante a prática desportiva. Para a recolha de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, sendo a análise de conteúdo efectuada através do software QSR Nvivo 2.0. Os participantes reportaram 31 benefícios percebidos durante todo o processo de lesão, sendo o suporte social e a educação desportiva os mais referidos. As conclusões apontam para a importância de incluir aspectos positivos para uma compreensão mais clara e mais completa do impacto global das lesões desportivas.

Acute ankle injury is one of the main reasons for observation of patients in the emergency department. Only 15% present with clinically significant fractures, but they are almost always referred for radiography. The Ottawa ankle rules have provided specific directions for carrying out radiography in these situations, allowing a reduction in hospital costs and reducing exposure to ionizing radiation. The aim of the study is to verify that the protocol of the Ottawa rules for evaluating ankle trauma can adapt to a sample of the Portuguese population.This prospective study was done in the Emergency Department of Orthopedics, for a period of 9 months, integrating all patients who presented with complaints in the ankle with less than 48 hours development. All patients underwent radiography of the injured area. Radiographic images were evaluated by the orthopaedic doctor in the emergency department. Patients were reassessed in about 10-15 days after injury by the same observer.We evaluated 123 patients. The average age was 35.2 (range, 7 to 88) years. Sixty had positive criteria for radiological assessment, of which 43 had fracture; none of the patients with negative criteria had fratures. Sensitivity of Ottawa ankle rules for detecting fractures was 100%.The implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules appears to have potential to reduce the number of radiographs for the assessment of these patients by about 51%. The results of this study demonstrate no false negatives and are consistent with the results of other similar studies which sensitizes us to implement these criteria in our emergency services.