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The overall economic situation considers a scenario that is not exactly optimistic in the context of the current health crisis. The need for cheap resources will probably lead to the seizing of the opportunities provided by the trade companies, without patrimonial transfers of goods and labour force. Taking this context into account, we believe that the mixed ventures might become relevant again nowadays. The challenge posed by the indirect taxation of these associations without legal personality points out a series of practical aspects which we consider that should be rigorously and thoroughly addressed, especially that the tax payers’ option is not always in accordance with that of the fiscal authorities causing contentious issues, which are time and money consuming and at the same time lead to forced executions endangering the company’s existence itself. The article hereby is based on the material tax law rules as regards the common law provisions, with the aim of setting up the tax deductions regime regarding the contributions and purchases related to joint ventures, given that the Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax does not include specific provisions for joint ventures, which is why the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union is applicable in this matter.

The managing of Hope Family Program or Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is the supervisor of the business unit in the form of electronic warung gotong royong (e-Warong) which is a social assistance program to synergies between PKH and the Joint Venture Group or Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE). PKH of Bantur’s subdistrict experienced several problems related to financial management for their business activities, especially their inventory recording and they were not aware to promote through marketplaces. Therefore by the program of community service the University of Merdeka Malang, PKH Bantur’s subdistrict was expected to be able to gain an understanding of inventory recording and marketing to solve their problems by using google forms, google spreadsheet, and Shopee. There are three methods for these activities: lectures, practices, and discussions. These activities are divided into two sessions. The first session was introducing the importance of financial management, inventory management, and the use of google form and google spreadsheet. The second session explained digital marketing and the use of Shopee. The participants looked enthusiastic during the event. Through these activities, participants can understand the importance of managing inventory, the benefits of google form and google spreadsheets to control their inventory, also they can use Shopee as marketing media to gain more income.

BACKGROUND Ambulatory surgery growth has increased in the last few decades as ambulatory surgery centers have been shown to succeed in cost efficiencies through their smaller size and breadth, specialization of care, and ability to quickly participate in perioperative process improvement and education. METHODS A 5-year retrospective fiscal review was performed for all Northwell Health-physician ambulatory surgery center joint ventures. The outcome measures studied included model of ownership, specialty types, and gross revenue. Additional facility characteristics were studied, including growth trajectory, facility size, and cost to build a de novo facility. RESULTS Eleven free-standing ambulatory surgery centers were identified at Northwell Health during the 5-year study period. The total gross revenue for all Northwell clinical joint ventures for 2019 alone was $102,854,000. Northwell Health is a majority stakeholder in eight of their joint venture ambulatory surgery centers, with an average Northwell ownership of 53 percent and an average number of physician owners per facility of 11. The number of hospital-physician joint-venture ambulatory surgery centers grew from two to 11 facilities during the study period (450 percent). Surgical volume followed a similar trajectory, increasing 295 percent over the same time period. CONCLUSIONS The ambulatory surgery center setting provides a vast number of possibilities for key stakeholders, including patients themselves, to benefit from financial and clinical efficiencies. Ambulatory surgery centers have been popular, as they meet patient expectations for convenience of elective surgery, reduce payer and clinical pressures to minimize length of stay in hospitals, and achieve similar or higher quality care with less intense resources.

An increasing concern for climate change puts pressure on industrial firms to achieve carbon emission reductions. These could be realized through cooperation among firms in industrial chains, which leads to industrial symbiosis. By taking a real options approach, we make the timing component of the investment decisions explicit. This is important in assessing the impact of carbon-reducing investment over a specific time-span. We show that a joint venture between a CO2 emitting firm and a firm that can use the CO2 will result in a higher probability that an investment in CO2 capture will take place within a specific time period, which reduces the amount of CO2 emitted substantially. We also show that, in addition to industrial symbiosis, cooperation between firms can benefit from “market symbiosis” as well, in the sense that investments are more likely to take place in markets that are positively correlated. This is an important result, given that the EU has set binding targets to its Member States for reducing their emissions.

When considering a joint venture or merger, it is essential for firms to explore innovators with complementary technology to compensate for any internal limitations in R&D resources. In this article, we provide a framework for exploring the technology complementarity between enterprises in a quantitative manner based on text-mining patent data. A hierarchical latent Dirichlet allocation topic model identifies the technology topics hidden in patent documents along with the hierarchical structure of those topics. The technology complementarity between broad classes of technology and their subclassifications across enterprises is then measured with an improved formulation. An empirical study on three-dimensional printing illustrates the validity, reliability, and practicality of this method and the measurement formula used, endorsed by technical experts. This method can be used to identify R&D opportunities, to find appropriate acquisition targets and potential collaborators, and to support managerial decision-making with quantified information on technology complementarity.

Professional sport is one of the essential core industries for the development of the sports industry, divided into two categories: team and individual sports. The main development feature of professional basketball is to compete through the home-and-away system’s operation and establish a good emotional foundation with the residents through the home operation, which in turn creates recognition and support for the team and enhances the profits of the basketball organization. In recent years, Southeast Asia has developed a multinational professional basketball league, which covers nine countries. The “Formosa Dreamers” professional basketball team, a joint venture of Chinese entrepreneurs and has become the first professional basketball team in Taiwan, has chosen Changhua County as the home court. This report’s objective was to explore the localization and home business strategies of professional basketball games and to summarize further and analyze the characteristics of the home business strategy of Formosa Dreamers to establish the foundation for the future development of home business sports events in Taiwan.

Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV), this study examines the differing roles of top-level and operating-level interpersonal ties between foreign and domestic partners in joint venture innovation. Based on dyadic data collected from top-level and operating-level boundary spanners in 179 international joint ventures (IJVs) (a total of 358 boundary spanners), our results indicate that while top-level interpersonal ties have positive effects on both exploratory and exploitative innovation, operating-level interpersonal ties have a greater positive effect on exploitative innovation than on exploratory innovation. Furthermore, we find that knowledge exchange and knowledge integration mediate the relationship between interpersonal ties and innovation. Specifically, knowledge exchange mediates the relationship between operating-level interpersonal ties and exploitative innovation, whereas knowledge integration mediates the relationship between top-level/operating-level interpersonal ties and exploratory innovation.

The Sky Pool in Nine Elms, London, is the world’s first fully transparent, suspended swimming pool—allowing residents to swim 15 m between two buildings 10 floors up—and will become a landmark and an unprecedented feat of architecture for the capital. The Sky Pool was conceived as a bold, innovative and thrilling unique selling point for Embassy Gardens, one of the leading riverside development in zone 1 central London that provides 1500 new homes, world-class amenities, 40,160 $$\mathrm{m}^2$$ of office space across two buildings and 12,100 $$\mathrm{m}^2$$ of retail spaces and cafes, bars and restaurants. Phase 1 and Phase 3 of Embassy Gardens was delivered by Ballymore, and phase two by a Joint Venture between Ballymore and EcoWorld. Wrapped around the new U.S. Embassy, the 8ha riverside neighbourhood has a prominent location in one of Europe’s most significant regeneration projects that covers the 227 ha Greater London Authority’s Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea investment opportunity area, Nine Elms London (Development sites, 2021) bringing in 20,000 new homes (Fig. 1). The original concept from the architect, Arup Associates, was to use glass for its construction, however, initial studies showed that the structural glass was not the most efficient material choice. The shortcomings on strength were particularly exacerbated by the requirement of joining glass panels together which provided areas of increased stress. Furthermore, the possibility of damage and expensive replacement brought the idea of using PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), commonly referred to as Acrylic for the project. The use of casting PMMA in such large sizes presented significant construction challenges, including having to build an entirely new building to fabricate the structure, conceive of new ways to fabricate and bond the panels and to enhance already tight quality control. The design included the structural considerations of the pool being supported by two independent buildings which could sway and settle independently and to control and adapt to the issues of differential thermal expansion.

The management was reviewing Tesco’s entry into India and its joint venture Trent Hypermarket Private Limited’s operations. After withdrawal from Thailand and Malaysia, India remained one of the most important retail destinations for Tesco. The management was pondering over the expansion of operations in India. The local leadership was entrusted with developing a Roadmap-2025 with an inclusive store expansion plan to build profitability by delivering high customer value.

The international construction joint venture (ICJV) has been adopted in the global construction industry. However, it is extremely risky due to the size, complexity, and multifaceted operations of ...

Corporate social responsibility is moving from a ‘soft law’ phase when international companies are expected to develop and follow voluntary codes of good practice on issues such as human rights, modern slavery, environmental protection and climate change, and into a phase of ‘hard law’ and enforceable duties of care. This article looks ahead to the issues that such new laws will create for unincorporated joint ventures in the oil and gas sector. The legislation will intentionally get around the principle of corporate separateness with the result that every joint venture participant, the operator and their respective parent companies will have a greater or lesser duty of care to check for and eliminate the same abuses. Will the legislation allow the joint venture participants to rely upon the operator to fulfil those duties for them and how will liability cascade if the duty of care is breached? And what of the state’s liability if it also had an obligation not to cause, or to eliminate, the abuses which the joint venture failed to spot and/or remediate? Can the joint venture seek a contribution from the state? These Guiding Principles are grounded in recognition of: (a) States’ existing obligations to respect, protect and fulfil human rights and fundamental freedoms; (b) The role of business enterprises as specialized organs of society performing specialized functions, required to comply with all applicable laws and to respect human rights; (c) The need for rights and obligations to be matched to appropriate and effective remedies when breached. ‘Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights—Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework’

Melalui tulisan ini, akan dijelaskan konsep dan pengaturan nominee agreement kepemilikan saham dalam kegiatan investasi, serta reformulasi terhadap nominee shareholders dalam kegiatan Penanaman Modal Asing melalui Perusahaan Joint Venture di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Dalam penelitian ini, dipahami bahwa keberadaan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 10 Tahun 2021 membatasi investor asing pada bidang-bidang usaha tertentu untuk menanamkan modalnya di Indonesia. Hal tersebut memungkinkan bagi investor asing untuk melakukan pengelabuan terhadap hukum yang berlaku, ketika pendirian perusahaan joint venture di Indonesia, diantaranya dengan menunjuk nominee shareholders pada perusahaan joint venture tersebut. Hubungan hukum antara beneficiary (entitas asing) dengan nominee shareholders tersebut didasarkan pada nominee agreement. Melalui nominee agreement, nominee shareholders bertindak untuk dan atas nama beneficiary (entitas asing). Hal tersebut, status quo, dilarang dalam UU Penanaman Modal dan UU Perseroan Terbatas di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, dengan melihat keberadaan Peraturan Presiden tentang Pemilik Manfaat, terdapat kewajiban bagi korporasi untuk menentukan pemilik manfaatnya (termasuk Pemilik manfaat sebenarnya). Sehingga, seharusnya terhadap nominee shareholders (yang dilakukan berdasarkan nominee agreement) tidaklah dilarang sebagaimana status quo, melainkan dibatasi oleh hukum, perihal mana yang boleh dan mana yang tidak boleh dilakukannya.

Atherosclerosis starts early in life and progresses silently for decades. Considering atherosclerosis as a "systemic disease" invites the use of noninvasive methodologies to detect disease in various regions before symptoms appear. The PESA-(Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) CNIC-SANTANDER study is an ongoing prospective cohort study examining imaging, biological, and behavioral parameters associated with the presence and progression of early subclinical atherosclerosis. Between 2010 and 2014, PESA enrolled 4,184 asymptomatic middle-aged participants who undergo serial 3-yearly follow-up examinations including clinical interviews, lifestyle questionnaires, sampling, and noninvasive imaging assessment of multiterritorial subclinical atherosclerosis (carotids, iliofemorals, aorta, and coronaries). PESA tracks the trajectories of atherosclerosis and associated disorders from early stages to the transition to symptomatic phases. A joint venture between the CNIC and the Santander Bank, PESA is expected to run until at least 2029, and its significant contributions to date are presented in this review paper.

Feedback practices for students’ speaking activities in an online environment are very different from those on-site. This study investigated online feedback practices for speaking skills in a Sino-...

Financial constraints have been a significant obstacle to firms operating in developing countries. Prior studies show that foreign direct investment (FDI) helps to ease credit constraints for domestic firms. However, they only account for horizontal FDI spillovers. This paper therefore investigates both horizontal and vertical FDI spillovers using firm-level data from Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar (CLM). The key findings of this paper are threefold. First, FDI inflows lessen the financial constraints faced by local firms through partnership or joint venture. Second, an increasing share of FDI in horizontally and vertically related industries raises higher credit constraints for domestic firms. Third, the crowding-out effect of FDI is not uniform across domestic firms of different sizes. Therefore, policymakers should be aware of these possible negative spillovers and formulate policy to maintain FDI inflows while also ensuring the growth and survival of domestic firms.

This case talks about Vistara, an airline brand registered under the name of Tata Singapore Airlines (SIA) Airlines Limited, which started as a joint venture between Tata Sons and SIA Limited in 2013. While the company was founded with the intent to expand, as suggested by its brand name, the airlines has failed to register positive returns ever since its inception despite a 190% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in total revenue from financial year 2016 to financial year 2020. While company’s ratios have shown a dismal performance over the years, its competitors and the market leader have shown better performance or at least some form of leadership in one of the operating aspects. In an industry plagued with problems such as fluctuating crude oil prices, rising maintenance and leasing costs, and other operating costs, most of the airline companies have registered losses in recent years, the magnitude of which has further aggravated due to COVID-19. Vistara will need to revisit its short-term and long-term strategies to expand its position in the Indian as well as the international aviation market.

The paper investigates the impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus pandemics on overall cargo operations, using the company Luka Ploce Ltd. as an example. Luka Ploce Ltd (Port of Ploce) is a joint venture for maritime transport services, port services, warehousing and freight forwarding. Company data from the period from 2016 to 2019 was analysed using the prognostic ARIMA model (1.1.1) in order to predict volume of the cargo operations in 2020. The prognostic model predicted average increase of the cargo transhipments close to 10%. That prediction is compared with the actual results of the Luka Ploce Ltd for the first half of the 2020. The comparison is showing that there was a significant decrease of the transhipments of the cargo of almost 32%, with some exceptions due to delay in deliveries and urgent supplies of medical equipment.

This article describes an innovative approach to introducing translanguaging in an English for academic purposes (EAP) course at a young Sino–US joint-venture university in China. To promote the use of Chinese students’ full linguistic and communicative repertoires in an English-medium-of-instruction university, I intentionally incorporated translanguaging into an EAP course through three components: explicit discussion of translanguaging, a short writing assignment on an extended definition of a Chinese concept, and a team survey project to test a generalization about Chinese culture. Observation and feedback from students indicate that these translanguaging writing assignments have the potential to contribute to students’ cultural knowledge, writing and communication skills, intercultural communication and awareness, and identity construction as translingual and transnational students. I describe the context and rationale for the innovative assignments, and the assignments themselves. I then reflect on the process and discuss implications and plans for expansion of activities that promote translanguaging.

In June 2005, three State University of New York (SUNY) campuses, namely Stony Brook University, the University at Buffalo, and Binghamton University, joined forces to provide a completely online electrical engineering program that would lead to a bachelor of science in electrical engineering (BSEE) degree. The program was put together to serve a nontraditional student body that is otherwise unable to achieve higher education in electrical engineering. The project was jump-started by an award from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. This multi-institutional approach was an effective medium for sharing the resources and revenue of the online offering of courses. The Sloan Foundation grant initiated a big step toward the "Learning Anywhere, Anytime" vision for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. It helped to set up the infrastructure of an ambitious joint venture among the three SUNY campuses to collaborate on a jointly offered program.

Purpose: This study aims to discuss the buyout of joint ventures by one parent. Design/Methodology/Approach: Focusing on termination through acquisition by one parent, the paper suggests the testable proposition that explains a possible inverted U-shaped relationship between the likelihood of a focal parent acquiring a JV and the similarity of the JV to the focal parent. Findings: We propose that the likelihood of a focal parent acquiring a JV is likely to increase and then decrease as the JV similarity to the focal parent increases. Practical implication: This study can provide practical implications for firms from a more neutral standpoint. Firms that want to keep long-term relationships and operate JVs with their partners should be concerned about how JVs turn out over time. Originality/Value: This study can provide some normative implications for successfully maintaining JV relationships. Particularly in the case of international JVs, local companies that shake hands with aggressive foreign companies (often eager to obtain local market knowledge) face the situation in which they are forced to sell their stake to the foreign partner. Frequently, local companies are satisfied with a bit of advanced technology transfer from their partners and thus, foreign partners easily own the JVs. However, once the companies in JV relationships understand the dynamics of evolving JVs and the tendency of acquisition based on similarity, companies can make more careful strategies in raising their JVs.

As the mine backfill is recognized as one promising technique for the sustainable development, it is crucial to explore the backfill operation mechanism for the mining industry. At present, the self-management and outsourcing model are generally selected to apply in backfill operation and management worldwide. The advantages are insufficient from the strategic and sustainable perspective. Therefore, the study proposes joint venture alliance and concerns the superiority on mine backfill management. In order to evaluate the models, this study puts forward the integrated method which involves combination of SBSC and IFAHP. A strategic and hierarchical framework of SBSC on the basis of sustainability is formulated, which includes 6 perspectives and 16 secondary indexes. Simultaneously, the IFAHP approach is used for determination of the weights of indexes and calculation of the final score, which enables to assess mine backfill operation activity more objectively. The results show that the self-management model provides little advantages whereas the outsourcing model is the better operation mechanism. By contrast, joint venture alliance is rated as the optimal backfill operation model of the mining industry. The research findings of this study would help the mining industry to evaluate objectively and make an appropriate decision on the backfill operation model in the mining industry.

At the level of regime typologies, the uncertain status and inherent weakness of the opposition mark defining features of regimes beyond liberal democracy. However, even the performance and evolution of the latter tend to be shaped by oppositions and the regime’s approach to dealing with them. This article offers a bird’s-eye view of political oppositions in contemporary electoral democracies and competitive autocracies. It focuses on patterns of strategic choices and behavior by both governments and oppositions. That endeavor forms part of a larger joint venture seeking to give center stage to those actors living in the shadows of increasingly unscrupulous power-holders.

R&D is one of the most important sources of knowledge and economic growth worldwide, and technology transfer is the principal means to access this knowledge. Nevertheless, market imperfections, externalities, and abusive behaviors have been used by some jurisdictions to justify the enactment of regulations on different contractual categories frequently used to implement this transfer of technology. According to the UNCTAD 2001 report, technology transfer agreements encompass an array of agreements differentiated by their subject matter. Such contracts cover, amongst other things, industrial property, know-how, and technology expertise.1 Most of the doctrine considers technology transfer agreements as an autonomous contractual category due to their standard features,2 such as their bilateral character, the reciprocal rights and obligations between the parties, and the presence of intellectual property rights.3 Thus, the agreements that belong to this category are often determined by the existence of intellectual property rights and know-how. These rights mainly protect useful knowledge that can be exploited in the market by its legal owner or the person who is authorized to do so. The exploitation of intangible assets is carried out using different sorts of contracts, frequently not regulated by law or other statutes and sometimes with a high degree of complexity, depending on the relevant technical matter and the parties’ activities. However, nowadays, despite the lack of specific regulation for most of these types of agreements, they are frequently used in the market and are indeed the licensing agreement that is most used and one of the few that are regulated in some jurisdictions.4 In the same sense, it is essential to highlight the presence of other contracts; for example, it is possible to find features of a trademark license, the sale of products, distribution, or even agency in a franchise agreement. This presence occasionally leads to difficulties in the construction of the parties’ will when there is silence or poor wording on the obligations to be performed. Concerning the construction of the contract, there are different forms that a technology transfer agreement may assume. In this regard, we must point out that the lack of legal classification5 means that it is necessary to use various sources, such as case law, arbitration awards, decisions of administrative bodies, and of course doctrine to carry out a complete analysis of these contracts. For the purpose of this study, a technology transfer agreement is to be considered as the transaction that allows a party to access a technology owned by the other party in exchange for consideration. This article’s main objective is to show how technology transfer occurs through licensing agreements in other complex contracts like joint ventures and franchising agreements. In order to illustrate this transfer of technology, we will throughout this article use statutes and case law of the European Union, the United States, and the Andean Community (CAN). The aim is to present, initially, the scope of the expression technology transfer; we will then examine how these three legal categories work, the relationship between these complex contracts and licensing, and finally, the importance of using the structure of licensing in joint ventures and franchising agreements adequately.

Background Detrimental drug toxicity and failure in efficacy during clinical trials is one of the major hurdles faced by the pharmaceutical companies. Conventionally, preclinical safety evaluation is performed in 2D cell cultures and animal models. However, the response of a drug seen in laboratory animals and cells grown as monolayers differs from how cells inside a human body respond. This is due to the lack of multi-organ interaction in cell cultures and species specificity between animal and human. Scope and approach Recently, progress in organ-on-a-chip (OoC) including multi-organ-on-a-chip (MoC) platform offers fast and cost-effective alternative approach to screen drugs authentically. Advanced human-on-a-chip (HoC) consists of several human organs held together in a hierarchical and physiological pattern crafting an in vitro human model. HoC recapitulates the structural and functional integrity of human system and overcomes the limitations of traditional protocols and inaccessibility to human models. Key findings In HoC, cells are cultured in a sterile controlled environment that allows manipulation of physico-chemical factors, monitoring molecular and functional aspects in a more realistic environment. It also upgrades the knowledge on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds. There is no doubt that HoC technology is a game changer that will revolutionize clinical research in the upcoming years. This review explains the evolution of OoC to HoC, their potential use and limitations. More emphasis has been given on the potential use of HoC in pharmacology. Conclusions Pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions and regulatory agencies should initiate a joint venture to launch and utilize the full potential of HoC technology as a next generation alternative to preclinical or disease modelling studies.

Joint construction ventures are a global business partnership approach to accomplishing jointly executed construction objectives. The success of joint ventures is not achieved without militating factors and complexity affecting the process. This study assessed the militating factors against joint venture success in the construction industry in South Africa. A quantitative research approach was adopted, using a purposive sampling technique to select participants for this study. In total, 190 copies of the questionnaire were sent out to construction stakeholders in Gauteng province, South Africa, and 185 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved. Data analysis was conducted in three stages: data reliability and validity, descriptive statistics, and exploratory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) returned seven factors that provided a relevant understanding of the militating factors against joint venture success: differences in partners’ work values, ineffective regulatory frameworks, undefined goals, clashes between partners’ cultural values, economic viability, operational constraints, and conflicts of interest. This study recommends that joint venture formulation requires due diligence from partners to understand policy, organisational culture, sharing ratios, and economic viability to avoid unnecessary conflicts of interest and operational constraints.

Highlights • 95% of respondents manufacturers have a strategy to pursue innovation. • Innovation targeted at low- and middle- income countries. • Partnerships with biotechs and universities key in driving innovation. • Access to partnerships, in-licensing/ joint ventures seen as barrier to novel vaccines., Development of novel vaccines and improving existing vaccines is critical to addressing areas of unmet or under-addressed health needs globally and to improving existing vaccination coverage and equity. However, vaccine innovation is costly and highly complex. To understand how vaccine manufacturers from developing countries approach innovation, a survey was conducted among company members of the Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers Network, in collaboration with the Clinton Health Access Initiative. The survey confirmed that vaccine manufacturers from developing countries are committed to vaccine innovation: 95% of respondents have interest in pursuing vaccine innovation, with strategies targeted towards supplying to low- and middle-income countries. Key barriers to innovation were also surveyed, with respondents highlighting challenges regarding access to in-licensing or joint venture partnerships, financing, and regulatory barriers. Opportunities for innovation are also discussed.

Purpose This paper aims at reviewing the extant knowledge management (KM) research field within a strategic alliance context to understand the historical roots, its temporal progression, current state and potential future in a meaningful way. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study was retrieved from the Scopus database using a systematic literature search process. The bibliometric characteristics of 393 research documents were analyzed using bibliometric and structured network analysis. Findings The findings of the study suggest that the publication in the field have been growing with an average rate of 8.48%. This analysis also lists the most productive and impactful authors, main outlets, and the most impactful secondary and primary publication in the field. In addition, the conceptual and intellectual structure of the research field was constructed and discussed. Originality/value This paper uses an objective and quantitative approach by reviewing the related publications and virtually included all the relevant publications in the analysis, which was seen to be uneconomical when doing traditional literature reviews.

Disagreements surrounding finances often impact relationships and may even lead to divorce. Financial conversations, then, emerge as the strongest “tug-of-war” opponent to the successful partnershi...

The following article investigates fruits and vegetables grown in Uzbekistan. Furthermore, it analyses the potential of the region Fergana to develop fruit and vegetable growing potential. Fruits and vegetables from the fields are refrigerated in special refrigerators for quality delivery to the processing plant. To do this, they have 9 refrigerators, the most modern equipment for cooling cereals. During his visit to Fergana region on June 5, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev visited such large fruit and vegetable clusters. The head of state got acquainted with the work process of the Korean-Uzbek joint venture Uz-Segang.

Reports on ARM, a 30-year-old U.K.-based semiconductor Intellectual Property (IP) company that started as Advanced RISC Machines Ltd., a joint venture that included former U.K. company Acorn Computers, Apple Computers (now Apple Inc.),1 and VLSI Technology (a US company later bought by Phillips for USD 1 billion and now part of the Philips spin-off NXP Semiconductors). ARM was bought in 2016 by the Japanese conglomerate and investing company Softbank Group, which also has a main stake in US Sprint and also has significant T-Mobile stock via the merger of Sprint and T-Mobile that was completed in April 2020. In September 2020, NVIDIA announced that it is buying ARM,2 but it may take time to complete since it is running into some licensing issues regarding its subsidiary ARM-China. Unlike Intel, AMD, and Freescale, ARM does not produce any computer chips, but licenses its architecture designs and product ecosystem to other vendors.

The essence of the loan portfolio is considered. The place and role of the loan portfolio in the bank's credit risk minimization were considered. The purpose of this article is to develop a mechanism for managing the quality of the loan portfolio based on the analysis of the specifics and current state of lending in Ukraine. Therefore, the urgency of the problem of credit risk regulation was justified. The share of the loan portfolio in the assets of Ukrainian banks and the share of NPL banks in Ukraine. The state of the loan portfolio of banks in the public sector and key requirements for financial institutions are analyzed. It was determined that the control over the quality of the formation of the loan portfolio of the bank is related to the provision of conditions and objective standards of the NBU, as well as this part of the liability is a significant measure to guide the commercial bank. For the purpose of improving the loan portfolio, the algorithm for calculating the effective loan portfolio of the bank in modern terms. Considered the mechanism of loan portfolio quality management. It is determined that the guiding principles of credit policy, including in its basis for the formation of a quality loan portfolio, are built within the bank on the basis of decisions, methods and approaches to the conclusion of the joint venture.

Este artigo trata de um relato das impressões sobre as visitas técnicas realizadas pelos pesquisadores, geógrafos e membros do Grupo de Pesquisa GEORISCO-UFRN, nas áreas afetadas por desastres desencadeados por rompimento de barragens de rejeito de mineração das empresas Samarco Mineração S.A. (joint venture da VALE S.A. e da BHP Billiton), no distrito de Bento Rodrigues, município de Mariana; e da VALE S.A., no município de Brumadinho, ambos no Estado de Minas Genais - MG, no Brasil. O artigo foi elaborado com base nas experiências de campo obtidas durante as visitas técnicas às áreas dos desastres em Bento Rodrigues (Mariana) e Brumadinho. O intuito dos autores foi publicitar as experiências vividas nas visitas técnicas e contribuir para: 1. a valorização das atividades de campo na área da Geografia e ciências afins; 2. a divulgação de experiências vividas por vítimas e moradores dos municípios onde ocorreram os desastres abordados no artigo; 3. esclarecer, ainda que muito parcialmente, alguns procedimentos de logística de desastres desempenhados pelo Corpo de Bombeiros de Minas Gerais destacando sua relevância. Por fim, buscou-se com este artigo a manutenção da discussão sobre o tema “Redução de Risco de Desastres” no Brasil, em função da sua importância para a segurança humana e ambiental, e para que se ampliem tanto a produção científica quanto a discussão desse tema entre os demais atores sociais.

Five full years of the functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) provide an opportunity to highlight the main trends of cooperation under this association and to summarize some of their results. The article discusses the trends and results of Kazakhstan’s foreign economic cooperation with the EAEU countries in the main areas, including mutual trade, mutual investments, as well as some others. The analysis revealed that in most areas of cooperation between Kazakhstan and the EAEU countries during the period of the union’s existence, leading dynamics were observed, which indicates the positive results for the national economy of the first five years of operation as part of the integration association.

One of the most important goals in construction projects management is to complete the project in a certain time. Projects success can be considered as doing work at a reasonable cost, quality and at the right time and delay is one of the most important and frequent phenomena in construction projects and in terms of cost, quality and time has a negative impact on project success. From in-depth literature studies, twenty-three causes of delay were identified. Questionnaires were then developed and sent to 50 carefully selected construction industry stakeholders including: clients, contractors, and consultants in Faryab/Afghanistan. In this research, the causes of delays in construction of Maimana city urban asphalt road 32.805 km projects have been identified. Numerous factors such as: insecurity, corruption, low experience of the contractors technical team, late payment of invoices by the project owner, poor management and monitoring of the site by the contractor and Contractor's joint venture can cause delays in projects.

This issue is the result of a two-year-long joint venture between Performance Research and the International Research Center ‘Interweaving Performance Cultures’ at the Freie Universitat Berlin. It ...

In June 2018, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute (HHI) together with Studio Babelsberg, ARRI, Universum Film AG (UFA), and Interlake founded the joint venture Volucap GmbH and opened a commercial volumetric video studio on the film campus of Potsdam-Babelsberg. After a testing phase, commercial productions went live in November 2018. The core technology for volumetric video production is 3D human body reconstruction (3DHBR), developed by Fraunhofer HHI. This technology captures real persons with our novel volumetric capture system and creates naturally moving dynamic 3D models, which can then be observed from arbitrary viewpoints in a virtual or augmented environment. Thanks to the large number of test productions and new requirements from customers, several lessons have been learned during the first year of commercial activity. The processing workflow for capture and production of volumetric video has been continuously evolved such as process-dependent color grading and a new encoding scheme for volumetric video. Furthermore, specific challenges have been tackled, for instance, fast movements and relighting of actors .

A large-scale engineering procurement and construction (EPC) project is often conducted by a joint venture. Many factors affect the success of cooperation among participating enterprises, such as trust and the degree of effort of both parties. The most important one is a rational profit sharing mechanism. Reasonable profit sharing mechanism concerns whether the advantages of the EPC model can be fully utilized. In this study, the proposed EPC project is undertaken by a joint venture integrating design and construction enterprises. Moreover, the profit sharing problem arises from the project optimization implemented by both parties. The fairness concern behavior of both parties is considered, and the profit sharing model for the EPC project is established on the basis of game theory. The effect of the fairness concern behavior of both parties on the EPC project optimization and its profit sharing is further analyzed by simulation analysis. The research findings show that the project optimization profit and its sharing are related to not only the efforts and cost coefficient but also the fairness concern behavior of both parties. The research results are conducive to the application of the EPC model in the field of construction engineering.

Today, the Indian pharmaceuticals industry is recognised the world over due to the quality and cost-effectiveness of its products. At present, globally it is one of the fastest-growing industries and contributes 2.4 per cent value wise and 10 per cent volume wise globally. India alone accounts for 20 per cent of global exports in generics. In 2016, the Indian pharma industry exported USD16.89 billion and is expected to touch USD40 billion by 2020. The present generics market has immense potentiality for foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and worth USD14.53 billion of FDI inflows came in between April 2000 and December 2016. We have witnessed that Indian pharma companies go for joint ventures with multinational companies, make strategic alliances and co-promotions, contract research and manufacturing services, export, acquisitions and mergers, focus on new markets other than the USA and Europe, buy offshore plants and increase stakes in other companies. India is also becoming an attractive investment for the clinical trials market. The objective of this paper is to analyse the Indian pharmaceuticals industry—opportunity and threats, strategies of the Indian companies particularly after trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS).

This research paper describes the theoretical and methodological aspects of the preparation of consolidated financial statements in insurance companies in accordance with the requirements of international financial reporting standards and methods of calculating the investments of insurance companies. The methods of compiling the consolidated financial statements of insurance companies, their calculation and the stages of consolidation are described. The ways of solving the problems of consolidating financial results, assets and liabilities, cash flows and financial statements taking into account the specifics of the activities of insurance companies are considered.

Through its electronic filing system EDGAR, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) provides information that listed companies are required to report. However, while the information is thus made public, it is not readily available. This article explains the purpose of the SEC and its EDGAR filing system, how it works and how anyone can access this information. It further explains how companies file their material contracts as attachments to their filings and how to find them. The paper also explains the development of a program for mining EDGAR, resulting in the extraction of over six hundred JV contracts. Finally, the paper explores basic text mining techniques to dissect the contracts and point out the most widely used clauses, such as joint venture type and scope, the laws governing the contract and the description and responsibilities of the parties and opens a broad research agenda.

The institutional setting for transnational education has gradually evolved from practices that provide limited exposure to those that offer a globalized experience, such as branch campuses or join...

Joint venture is a new financing model adopted in property development. However, there is little or no research in evaluating the model which this study aimed at achieving. The study populations are the members of Real Estate Developers Association of Nigeria in Lagos. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires administered to the study population. Gathered data were presented and analyzed through tables, chats and likert scales. Findings from the study revealed that residential property is the class of property mostly developed through joint venture in the study area. Also, the most prevalent parties that go into a joint venture agreement in the study area are; private property developer and financial institutions and the least prevalent are private property developers and the government. Financing is the most important term in a joint venture agreement in the study area and the least important term is acquisition of equipment. Finally, financing is the most prevalent problem of joint venture in the study area and breach of joint venture agreement is the least. Recommendations were made on how to solve joint ventures problems in property development. Also, there is need for further research on the nature of relationship between parties going into joint ventures.

Under current Iranian laws and regulations there is a requirement for an upstream petroleum contract to be managed by a joint venture entity and so the conclusion of a joint venture agreement (JVA) is compulsory in such petroleum projects. In this research article we first discuss the rules governing JVAs and the statutory requirements of such agreements in Iran. Then, by studying the relevant rules, we consider the advantages and disadvantages of the both unincorporated and incorporated forms of JVA and finally we discuss some of the implications of the JVA regarding tax, accounting procedures and fiduciary duties. We also consider the role played by unincorporated joint ventures and the joint operating agreement (JOA) in Iran.