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The object of the study is the fruits of melon. The problem is the crop that remains in the fields. The article provides an overview of technologies for the processing of melons, and studies of the authors are given. On the basis of these studies, technological schemes for the production and formulation of such products as jam, jam, confiture, blended juices, vegetable oil from melon seeds were proposed and justified. Optimal additives and ways of introducing pectin into them are determined. The presence in finished products of vitamins of group B, vitamin C, β-carotene, almost all essential amino acids, micro- and macroelements, the content of which does not noticeably decrease during storage under the optimal conditions established by us. Studies have been carried out on the selection of an extractant and the determination of the optimal parameters for extraction, isolation, neutralization and drying of pectin from melon peel. As a result, pectin was obtained with a degree of esterification of 67...69 %, a jelly-forming ability of more than 170 degrees of Tarr Baker, and a jelly strength of about 460 mm Hg

Pesticides are used on fruit and vegetable crops to obtain greater yield and quality. Residues can be detected in these crops or their products if applied pesticides do not degrade naturally. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate pesticide residues in some strawberry and tomato-based products available in the market for human consumption and associated dietary risks. Contamination with 3–15 pesticides in the tested samples was found. The total number of pesticides detected in the tested samples was 20, belonging to the group of insecticides (84%) and fungicides (16%). Pesticides of cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin appeared at 100% in a number of samples, where the most detected was cypermethrin followed by thiamethoxam. The average values of pesticide residues detected in the tested samples ranged from 0.006 to 0.568 mg kg−1, where it was found that cypermethrin had the highest residue value and appeared in strawberry jam obtained from the market. The recovery rate of pesticides from fortified samples with pyrethroids ranged from 47.5% (fenvalerate) to 127% (lambda-cyhalothrin). Home processing of fortified tomato and strawberry samples had a significant effect on reducing residues in tomato sauce and strawberry jam, where the reduction reached 100%. The results of acute and chronic risk assessment showed that their values were much lower than 100%, indicating minimal risk of dietary intake.

Fermented foods have gained popularity recently, especially lactofermented vegetable juice products that provide a rich source of nutrients. This study analyzed the properties of fermented beetroot, carrot and beetroot-carrot juices fermented with bacterial strains Lactiplantibacillusplantarum or Levilactobacillusbrevis. Density, extract, dry matter content, pH, total acidity, pigments (betalain or carotenoids), color and LAB count were measured. The results showed that the LAB strains used were capable of fermenting the analyzed juices. It was proven that Lactiplantibacillusplantarum was the better strain for fermentation of vegetable juice. This might have been influenced by the fermentation temperature and the duration time. The highest number of lactic acid bacteria was observed for carrot juice fermented with L. brevis on the 4th day (9.41 log CFU/mL), while for L.plantarum the highest numbers were observed on the 5th–6th day (8.9–9.1 log CFU/mL). For beetroot and its mixture with carrot juices, higher results were observed on the 5th day for L. plantarum (9.0 and 8.3 log CFU/mL, respectively). In most variants of this process, fermentation can be completed after 4–5 days. During the fermentation of carrot and mixed juice slow degradation of carotenoids was observed, while in mixed juice an increase of red pigment (betanin) was observed. In beetroot juices huge degradation was observed for fermentation with L. brevis, while the second bacteria kept the same level of red pigment almost until the last day, while yellow decreased from the 3rd day. It can be concluded that the mixed juice was most stable according to the bacteria count and the pigment content. In our opinion, L. plantarum was better for the fermentation of juices than L.brevis. However, in future tests the time of fermentation can be shortened to 5 days and other LAB strains can be tested.

While the amount of free aromatic compounds in the juice prepared by the White method from the White Muscat grape variety cultivated in the foothill Agsu region located at an altitude of 800 m above sea level was 2040 µg/dm3, the amount of the same compounds was 2626 µg/dm3 in the samples prepared by storage of pomace for 5 hours. In the samples from the Samukh (79 m) region, the amount of free aromatic compounds was much lower compared to the Agsu region. A total of 35 bound aromatic compounds including 4 alcohols, 3 six-carbon compounds, 13 terpenes, 7 volatile acids, 4 volatile phenols, and 4 norisoprenoids were detected in the juice samples made from the White Muscat grape variety grown in both regions. A total of 60 volatile compounds were found in wine samples, including 17 alcohols, 15 ethers, 13 acids, 5 aldehydes and ketones, 1 terpene, 5 volatile phenols, 4 lactones, and 1 aldehyde compound. This is much more compared to the amounts of the same compounds in juice, and it is related to the new formation processes that occur during alcohol fermentation.

The detrimental effects of Huanglongbing (HLB) on citrus are well known and so is the need for effective methods to combat this disease. Solar thermotherapy (ST), one of the management methods to help alleviate some of the negative effects of HLB, is the process of heating trees to therapeutic temperatures by encompassing the tree within a plastic structure (Visqueen) to harness the sun's natural energy. ST was applied to mature ‘Valencia’ citrus trees in three locations. Tree vigor, yield, and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) titer in leaves were monitored for two consecutive seasons post ST treatment, while fruit and juice quality were evaluated at the end of the second season. ST promoted an increase in canopy density in most groves tested and did not have a significant effect on fruit quantity, despite the prolonged exposure of the trees to increased temperatures. Moreover, Las titer was reduced in both leaves and juice processed from affected trees post ST. With respect to fruit quality, the ratio of total soluble solids to titratable acidity was higher post ST compared to controls as was the sucrose content of the juice in most treated groves, whereas limonin was higher in juice from control trees. Principal components analysis of aroma volatiles showed significant differences between juice from treated versus control trees with volatiles imparting top-note and freshness to orange juice, such as acetaldehyde, hexanal, Z-3-hexenol and linalool, being higher in juice from treated trees. Taste panels confirmed that flavor differences existed, ultimately showing that ST resulted in improved juice flavor in well-managed groves. Although the effects of ST on the trees appear temporary, such outcomes emphasize its utility when used as part of an integrated management strategy for HLB-affected citrus, imparting beneficial horticultural responses with minimal to positive effects on subsequent juice flavor.

Cancer mortality is mainly due to metastasis. Therefore, searching for new therapeutic agents suppressing cancer cell migration is crucial. Data from human studies regarding effects of anthocyanins on cancer progression, however, are scarce and it is unclear whether physiological concentrations of anthocyanins and their metabolites reduce cancer cell migration in vivo. In addition, interactions with chemotherapeutics like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are largely unknown. Thus, we combined a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over study with in vitro migration studies of colon cancer cell lines to examine the anti-migratory effects of plasma-isolated anthocyanins and their metabolites (PAM). Healthy volunteers (n = 35) daily consumed 0.33 L of an anthocyanin-rich grape/bilberry juice and an anthocyanin-depleted placebo juice for 28 days. PAM were isolated before and after intervention by solid-phase extraction. HT-29 and Caco-2 cells were incubated with PAM in a Boyden chamber. Migration of HT-29 cells was significantly inhibited by PAM from juice but not from placebo. In contrast, Caco-2 migration was not affected. Co-incubation with 5-FU and pooled PAM from volunteers (n = 10), which most effectively inhibited HT-29 migration, further reduced HT-29 migration in comparison to 5-FU alone. Therefore, PAM at physiological concentrations impairs colon cancer cell migration and may support the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics.

One of the areas of rational use of raw materials, increasing the efficiency of medicinal plant raw materials and reducing the cost of medicines is the technology of its complex processing, which allows to obtain several pharmacologically active substances from one plant, also through the use of plant waste. Information about the potent biological activity of Sedum maximum and its insufficient study prompted us to conduct experimental studies to obtain substances based on it. The aim of the work is to study the production of an extract from marc of Sedum maximum grass on the basis of its complex processing and to study its quality indicators. Materials and methods of the research – biblio semantic, pharmacotherapeutic, physicochemical and statistical research methods were used during the research. Taking into account a number of technological factors, the parameters of obtaining extract from marc of Sedum maximum grass were determined, the quality of juice and Sedum maximum grass extract was studied: description, pH, dry residue, identification, quantitative content of tannins in terms of pyrogalol. Taking into acount the physicochemical and pharmacotechnological properties of the ingredients, technological schemes for obtaining fresh juice from Sedum maximum grass and extract from its marc have been developed and control parameters of the process of their production have been established. Taking into account a number of technological factors, the parameters of obtaining the extract from marc of Sedum maximum grass were determined: raw material:extractant ratio – 1:2, extraction temperature – 96–98 °С, extraction duration – 15 min. As a stabilizer used sodium chloride in the amount of 0.7%. The study of the following quality indicators of juice and extract of Sedum maximum grass were done and following results obtained: description, pH – 5.72 ± 0.08 and 4.87 ± 0.04, respectively, dry residue – 2.73 ± 0.07 and 2.54 ± 0,10%, respectively, identification, quantification of the amount of tannins in terms of pyrogalol – 0.094 ± 0.002 and 0.095 ± 0.002%, respectively. The technology was developed and technological schemes of complex processing of Sedum maximum grass were drawn up, according to which juice and aqueous extract from marc were obtained after squeezing the juice.

Aim: Dental Erosion is clinically defined as the progressive and irreversible loss of dental hard tissue caused by a chemical process of acid dissolution that does not involve bacteria. Dental Erosion can have intrinsic or extrinsic causes. There is growing evidence of considerable increase in consumption of erosive drinks. This aim of this study was to assess the knowledge among the general public towards the awareness of the association between diet and dental erosion. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross sectional, descriptive questionnaire study conducted among the general public in Tamilnadu, India. A descriptive questionnaire survey was conducted among 325 participants regarding dental erosion and its association with diet from August to October,2019. Data were analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) including Mean, Standard Deviation and Chi -Square Test.(p value

Nutrient deficiency negatively affects the yield and quality of citrus fruit. The present experiment was carried out to investigate the improvement in fruit yield and juice quality of Kinnow (Citrus reticulata L.) by foliar application of nano-biochar suspension (NBS). The experiment was carried out in a citrus farmer’s orchard with a history of low fruit yield, using a randomized complete block design. Four NBS treatments, i.e., 0% (control), 1, 3, and 5%, were applied through foliar application at the flowering stage. Foliar application of NBS at 5% and 3% significantly (p < 0.05) improved flowering, fruit retention, fruit set, fruit size, length, weight, diameter, juice volume levels, and minimized fruit dropping. The electrical conductivity of the juice was significantly decreased by increases in NBS concentration. Total dissolved solids increased slightly with treatments as compared to control. However, NBS foliar application did not show significant effects on nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and sodium (Na) leaf contents, but had some effect on phosphorus (P) content. Principal component analysis and a correlation matrix revealed significant (p < 0.05) positive and negative associations among the studied traits. The results of the current experiment showed that all parameters were significantly improved with the application of NBS at 3 and 5%, except that N, K, and Na levels were unaffected. The most encouraging results were achieved at a concentration of 5% NBS. In conclusions, the foliar application of NBS had a significant positive impact on fruit yield and juice quality.

This scientific paper is based on the results of the research focused on the growing and processing of selected medicinal plants. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) was included in the research because it is currently one of the most sought-after superfoods in Europe and throughout the world. Based on authentic data and literary sources, the model of economic efficiency was developed for assessment of the establishment and operation of the black chokeberry plantation in the Slovak Republic. The modelled plantation shall be spread over 10 hectares with an intensive method of cultivation (high soil quality, deep plowing, drip irrigation, fertilization with organic and inorganic fertilizer and mechanized fruit harvesting). This intensive cultivation method is characterized by higher yields in t/ha compared to an extensive cultivation method. The model is reviewed over a 12-year period. In this paper are presented three alternatives for processing total production. “Alternative A” represents the sale of the harvest to either the final consumer or the processor for further processing (fresh fruit). “Alternative B” represents the finalization of production in the form of apple–aronia juice (ratio 25% aronia–75% apple). “Alternative C” represents the finalization of production in the form of apple–aronia juice (ratio 50% aronia–50% apple).

Fruits from rosehip (Rosa canina L.) are gaining popularity due to their content and profile of bioactive components. Rosehip is distinct for its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties. However, the abundance of these bioactives led to a tart taste, resulting in its consumption mainly in processed form. Due to microbiological safety, pasteurization is the preferred way of processing, which affects the chemical properties of the juice. A promising approach to improve acceptability of rosehip’s physical properties, while preserving its bioactive compounds and adding health-promoting benefits, is to enrich the rosehip juice with functional carriers before drying. The influence of the carrier type (maltodextrin, inulin, trehalose, palatinose) and drying technique (spray- and freeze-drying) on the physical, chemical, and antioxidant properties of pasteurized, and non-pasteurized juice powders was examined in this study. In addition, the ability of powders with functional carriers to inhibit protein glycation was evaluated. Spray drying led to products with improved physical properties in relation to freeze-drying. The addition of carrier substances significantly influenced the antioxidant capacity determined by TEAC ABTS and FRAP methods, whereby the application of inulin and palatinose retained antioxidant capacity better than the frequently used maltodextrin. Moreover, rosehip juice powders showed a promising ability to inhibit protein glycation.

The demand for organic food is rising since consumers want food from reliable, highest quality sources originating from the environment, undisturbed by cultivation and processing. It is necessary to determine to what extent there is a scientific basis for the claims that organic food is of high quality. In this study, beetroot from an organic production system originating from 6 certified organic food producers from different geographic locations was examined. The organic beetroot samples were processed by pasteurization at 70 ºC and 90 ºC into beet juice or by drying at 55 ºC. The following samples were tested and compared: fresh beetroot, pasteurized beet juice and dried beetroot slices. The concentration of vitamin C, level of total phenol compounds (TPC) and antioxidative activity (TAA) in beetroot were influenced by the geographic origin and the applied processing method. The highest degradation for all analysed parameters was found in the samples treated by drying or pasteurisation at 90 ºC. The lowest losses of studied phytochemical components were observed during juice pasteurisation at 70 ºC. The correlation coefficient between TPC and TAA was high and significant (r2 = 0.966).

In this study, probiotic gel fermentation and functional characteristics of reduced sugar yoghurt with red beetroot bioactive components and steviol glycosides fromStevia rebaudianaextracts as natural source of noncaloric sweeteners were investigated. A significant increase inLactobacillus caseiviability and fermented gel network and a decrease in syneresis were determined in yoghurt sweetened with steviol glycosides and high content of red beetroot bioactive components such as total phenolics, anthocyanins and total antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP). The survival ofL. caseiwas maintained within probiotic and therapeutic levels (>9 log(10) CFU/g), due to the possible prebiotic effect of steviol glycosides and fermentable fibres and phenolic compounds of red beetroot during 28 days of cold storage of the probiotic yoghurts. Colour properties (L*,a*,b*, Delta E*,C*,h*) and such sensory properties as smoothness, sweetness astringency were significantly affected. The highest organic acid content was found in red beetroot enriched yoghurt with stevia, while the most dominant organic acids were butyric, lactic, malic and citric. As a result, it was determined that fermented milk products, which are supported by phytochemical and steviol glycoside interactions, have adequate nutritional effects, high probiotic viability and acceptable sensory properties.

Introduction. In view of the ongoing research into the negative effects of fruit juice on human health, we aimed to study the subchronic toxicity of apple juice, a model mixture based on its components, and ethanol on biomass growth, cellular oxidative enzymes, and chromosomal abnormalities in Allium cepa roots. Study objects and methods. Our objects of study included clarified apple juice and its components such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, D-sorbitol, and malic acid. After treating Allium cepa roots with apple juice and a model mixture in different concentrations, we analyzed their toxic effects on biomass growth, malondialdehyde levels, as well as the nature and frequency of proliferative and cytogenetic disorders in the plant tissues. Results and discussion. The incubation in an aqueous solution of apple juice at a concentration of 1:5 inhibited the growth in root mass by 50% compared to the control (water). The mitotic index of cells decreased with higher concentrations of juice, reaching zero at a 1:5 dilution. The fructose and model solutions in the same concentrations appeared less toxic in relation to cell mitosis and root mass growth. Although malondialdehyde levels increased in the onion roots treated with juice and model solutions, they were twice as low as in the control due to the juice’s antioxidant activity. Adding 1% ethanol to the 1:2 diluted juice abolished the effect of acute toxicity on root growth and reduced malondialdehyde levels by 30%. Conclusion. The study revealed a complex of interdependent biomarkers of apple juice responsible for its subchronic toxicity in Allium cepa roots. These data can be used to create biological response models based on the approaches of systems biology and bioinformatics.

The nonanthocyanin phenolic compounds in juice and wine produced from fruits of white bilberry, a nonpigmented mutant of Vaccinium myrtillus, and blue bilberry (pigmented variety) were analyzed using liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (LC-DAD) and LC-DAD–electrospray ionization-quadrapole/time of flight hybrid mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). On the basis of elution order, UV–vis spectra, accurate mass data, and fragmentation pattern and standards, 42 compounds including 22 phenolic acids, 15 flavonols, and 5 flavan-3-ols, were identified in juices and wines prepared from the two bilberry varieties. The levels of most individual nonanthocyanin phenolic compounds in white bilberry products were significantly lower than those in pigmented ones. In bilberry juices, phenolic acids were the most predominant, accounting for approximately 80% of total phenolic content, with p-coumaroyl monotropeins and caffeic acid hexoside being the major phenolic acids. After fermentation, the total contents of phenolic acids, flavonols, and nonanthocyanin phenolic compounds significantly increased, while the content of total flavan-3-ols decreased significantly. p-Coumaroyl monotropeins still dominated in the wine products, while caffeic acid content showed dramatic elevation with the significant drop of caffeic acid hexoside.

Today, consumers are increasingly aware of the impact that the fast and stressful way of life has on their health. They focus not only on physical activity, but also on a diet filled with fruits and vegetables. As a result, they often choose a tasty alternative which is one of the main sources of vitamins and nutrients - fruit juices. However, these products are often labeled as drinks with high amounts of sugar. Therefore, it is very important for these drinks to be perceived by the consumers as healthy and tasty, which is one of the most important features of their packages. Their goal is to appeal to customers, catch their attention and make them buy the product. One of the most convenient methods to study how packages appeal to customers is the eye-tracking method. The aim of this article is to find out how different attributes of packages can influence customers' perception of the juice. The research was carried out in a form of eye-tracking experiment (A/B testing), which involved 38 participants at the age from 20 to 29 (generation Y). Results showed that lower color saturation significantly reduces the attention of individual packages and also reduces the influence of craving the juice as opposed to brighter colors. The importance of information on the back side was also confirmed, since moving the information from back to the front side did not show any significant decrease of the back side's attention span. Last but not least, it has been found out that the image type used on the orange juice package holds importance too, since photography of oranges led to a higher craving of the juice in comparison to the illustration of oranges. However, it was not proven that photographs of oranges held a higher attention span compared to the illustrations. The article contains demonstrable proof of individual package attributes' influence on how generation Y consumers perceive the juice. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Pomegranate is known for high concentration of antioxidant phenolics contained in its seeds, and peel, and is considered “healthy” due to its nutritional content and biological actions. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional quality, volatile and phenolic antioxidants in the juice, peel and seeds of pomegranate from two different regions of Mexico. The pomegranate variety Wonderful of the 2016 cycle, obtained from the Coyame and Cuauhtémoc regions of the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, were used to characterize the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, nutritional quality and volatile compounds. Significant differences were found in evaluated parameters between the two regions. Pomegranates from Coyame region, had high amounts of antioxidant, phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin and mineral. On the other hand, pomegranates from the Cuauhtémoc region had high amounts of protein, organic elements, and volatile compounds (alcohols, esters and aldehydes). Within these groups, the most abundant compounds were hexanol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, hexanal, 4-Terpineol, α-Terpineol, and 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol. In the peel, high concentration of color, phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants were observed. The extract of pomegranate juice had 59% anthocyanin content. The seeds had the highest mineral content. These results provide relevant information about the chemical properties of the pomegranate.

JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) is the first ESA-led mission devoted to explore the Jupiter system. It will launch in 2023 and will arrive at Jupiter in 2031, performing an extensive tour of the planet and of the icy Galilean satellites Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa. In the latest mission profile, 11 Ganymede flybys and 21 Callisto flybys are expected, before entering orbit around Ganymede in late 2034. JUICE will indeed be the first spacecraft ever to orbit an icy satellite, allowing an unprecedented analysis of its surface, interior, and tenuous atmosphere. This dedicated orbital phase will last at least 9 months and will be carried out using different trajectories and altitudes over the surface, which allows performing a complex and target-oriented observation plan. To this end, we identified several categories of regions of interest (RoI) on both Ganymede and Callisto, assigning them priorities based on the currently available geological information and on their visibility period (Stephan et al., 2021). In this talk, we briefly discuss these terrain categories, illustrating the coverage expected to be achieved on Ganymede and Callisto by some remote sensing instruments. The joint analysis of multi-wavelength datasets for specific RoIs will allow shedding light on their morphology and composition. In a broader view, we emphasize the potential of some of these regions in terms of complementarity and synergies obtainable by combining data from multiple payload instruments, thus providing a "three-dimensional view" that is required for a comprehensive understanding of the physical processes taking place between the surface and both the shallow subsurface and the near-surface atmosphere. References: K. Stephan et al., Regions of interest on Ganymede's and Callisto's surfaces as potential targets for ESA's JUICE mission. Planetary and Space Science 208, id. 105324 (2021).

Science Technology and Engineering Journal (STEJ), 8, 1, P. 74-86

Received: March 5th, 2022 ; Accepted: June 13th, 2022 ; Published: July 5th, 2022 ; Correspondence: salina@vniispk.ru The data of the technological assessment of the suitability of five new winter apple cultivars of VNIISPK breeding (‘Aleksandr Boyko’, ‘Blagodat’, ‘Vavilovskoye, Ivanovskoye’, ‘Patriot’ and ‘Prazdnichnoye’) for the production of raw materials for juice industry are presented. The main technological indicators characterizing the suitability of the cultivar for juice production were studied: the firmness of the pulp, the yield of juice, the content of soluble solids, sugars, titratable acids and catechins in comparison with the standard cultivar ‘Antonovka’. It was found that all of them were distinguished by a higher content of soluble solids and sugars in the juice than in the standard cultivar, and a lower content of titrated acids, as well as higher tasting ratings. ‘Aleksandr Boyko’ surpassed all studied cultivars in terms of such indicators as juice yield, the content of soluble solids, sugars and catechins in it, besides it was distinguished by low acidity. All studied cultivars, especially ‘Alexandr Boyko’, are promising as raw materials for the juice industry.

The complex evaluation of varietal biochemical differences in rhubarb juice, pomace and roots is highly useful to develop an efficient processing technology. Research was carried out to compare four rhubarb cultivars (Malakhit, Krupnochereshkovy, Upryamets and Zaryanka) in terms of the quality and antioxidant parameters of juice, pomace and roots. The laboratory analyses showed a high juice yield (75–82%) with a relatively high content of ascorbic acid (125–164 mg L−1) and other organic acids (16–21 g L−1). Citric, oxalic and succinic acids accounted for 98% of the total acids amount. The juice of the cultivar Upryamets demonstrated high levels of the natural preservatives sorbic (36.2 mg L−1) and benzoic acids (11.7 mg L−1), which are highly valuable in juice production. The juice pomace proved to be an excellent source of pectin and dietary fiber, whose concentrations reached 21–24% and 59–64%, respectively. The total antioxidant activity decreased according to the following sequence: root pulp (161–232 mg GAE g−1 d.w.) > root peel (115–170 mg GAE g−1 d.w.) > juice pomace (28.3–34.4 mg GAE g−1 d.w.) > juice (4.4–7.6 mg GAE g−1 f.w.), suggesting that root pulp is a highly valuable antioxidant source. The results of this research highlight the interesting prospects of the complex rhubarb plant processing for the production of juice, containing a wide spectrum of organic acids and natural stabilizers (sorbic and benzoic acids), dietary fiber and pectin (juice pomace) and natural antioxidants (roots).

Red pitaya is a tropical fruit rich in phytonutrients essential for human health. The fruit is savored either through its processed products or raw consumption. This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of red pitaya juice extracted from ultrasonic-pretreated flesh. The red pitaya flesh was cut into cubes and subjected to different durations (20, 40, and 60 min) of ultrasonic treatment. The total soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity of the juice were unaffected by pretreatment durations. Compared with the non-ultrasonic pretreated sample, the levels of organic acids, phenolics, and anthocyanins in red pitaya juice increased (p < 0.05) following 60 min of ultrasonic pretreatment. The duration of sonication pretreatment influenced the antioxidant activity of red pitaya juice. This pilot study shows that pretreatment of the red pitaya flesh using ultrasound enhances the quality of its juice.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-04-01 The effect of pectinolytic enzyme preparation (PEP) produced by the fungus Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae-N31 (PEP-N31) on total phenolic content, concentrations of methanol and color of grape juice was studied. Positive results were found when PEP-N31 was used to extract phenolic compounds after the grapes had been blanched for 3 min and macerated for 1 h. The resulting juice had better yield, color characteristics and higher phenolic content (1637.21 mg.L-1, as gallic acid equivalent, or GAE) than the conventionally prepared juice (1422.59 mg GAE.L-1), and it was very similar to the juice obtained through the treatment with a commercial enzyme (1682.10 mg GAE.L-1). The concentration of methanol in the juice produced with the PEP-N31 was less than 200 mg.L-1. These results encourage the use of PEP produced by Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae-N31 by the grape-processing industry. Department of Food Engineering and Technology São Paulo State University – UNESP Department of Biotechnology Federal University of Bahia – UFBA Unilago - Union of the Great Lakes Colleges Faculty of Health Sciences Federal University of Grande Dourados – UFGD Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Biology São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Food Engineering and Technology São Paulo State University – UNESP Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Biology São Paulo State University - UNESP

Full list of authors: Enya, Keigo; Kobayashi, Masanori; Kimura, Jun; Araki, Hiroshi; Namiki, Noriyuki; Noda, Hirotomo; Kashima, Shingo; Oshigami, Shoko; Ishibashi, Ko; Yamawaki, T.; Tohara, Kazuyuki; Saito, Yoshifumi; Ozaki, Masanobu; Mizuno, Takahide; Kamata, Shunichi; Matsumoto, Koji; Sasaki, Sho; Kuramoto, Kiyoshi; Sato, Yuki; Yokozawa, Takeshi; Numata, Tsutomu; Mizumoto, Satoko; Mizuno, Hiroyuki; Nagamine, Kenta; Sawamura, Akihiko; Tanimoto, Kazuo; Imai, Hisato; Nakagawa, Hiroyuki; Kirino, Okiharu; Green, David; Fujii, Masayuki; Iwamura, Satoru; Fujishiro, Naofumi; Matsumoto, Yoshiaki; Lingenauber, Kay; Kallenbach, Reinald; Althaus, Christian; Behnke, Thomas; Binger, Jan; Daurskikh, Anna; Eisenmenger, Henri; Heer, Ulrich; Hüttig, Christian; Lara, Luisa M.; Lichopoj, Alexander; Lötzke, Horst-Georg; Lüdicke, Fabian; Michaelis, Harald; Pablo Rodriguez Garcia, Juan; Rösner, Kerstin; Stark, Alexander; Steinbrügge, Gregor; Thabaut, Pascal; Thomas, Nicolas; del Togno, Simone; Wahl, Daniel; Wendler, Belinda; Wickhusen, Kai; Willner, Konrad; Hussmann, Hauke.--This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/)., The Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) is a science mission led by the European Space Agency, being developed for launch in 2023. The Ganymede Laser Altimeter (GALA) is an instrument onboard JUICE, whose main scientific goals are to understand ice tectonics based on topographic data, the subsurface structure by measuring tidal response, and small-scale roughness and albedo of the surface. In addition, from the perspective of astrobiology, it is imperative to study the subsurface ocean scientifically. The development of GALA has proceeded through an international collaboration between Germany (the lead), Japan, Switzerland, and Spain. Within this framework, the Japanese team (GALA-J) is responsible for developing three receiver modules: the Backend Optics (BEO), the Focal Plane Assembly (FPA), and the Analog Electronics Module (AEM). Like the German team, GALA-J also developed software to simulate the performance of the entire GALA system (performance model). In July 2020, the Proto-Flight Models of BEO, FPA, and AEM were delivered from Japan to Germany. This paper presents an overview of JUICE/GALA and its scientific objectives and describes the instrumentation, mainly focusing on Japan's contribution. © 2021 COSPAR., NSO/Kitt Peak data (synoptic maps of He I Å intensity) used here are produced cooperatively by NSF/NOAO, NASA/GSFC, and NOAA/SEL. Sunspot number (version 2) comes from the Sunspot Index and Long-term Solar Observations at Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels. All used data are courtesy to be downloaded from their web sites. The authors would like to express their deep thanks to the staffs of these web sites. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11973085, 11903077, 11803086, and 11633008), the Yunnan Ten-Thousand Talents Plan (the Yunling-Scholar Project), the national project for large scale scientific facilities (2019YFA0405001), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.

Improvement of dietary and ecological biodiversity, namely by exploring autochthonous varieties, is a key point to the construction of a more sustainable food system and planetary health. However, the environmental sustainability continues to face huge challenges, reflecting the importance of achieving a better understanding about the functional role of biodiversity in ecosystems. Thus, the main objective of this research is to contribute to the sustainable valorization of Sambucus nigra L. berries through a comprehensive approach to evaluate the effects of elderberry’s cultivar, harvest year, and plantation field on the physicochemical berry composition. Moreover, the nutritional value of elderberry juice and respective dried pomace was determined. This complementary information is of huge utility for the rational and, as much as possible, integral use of elderberries. The harvest year, followed by field and the interaction of harvest × field, accounted for the highest impact on the berry’s physicochemical parameters, indicating the importance of the combined impact of the macro- and mesoclimate conditions on plant metabolism. Elderberry juice and dried pomace are a good source of carbohydrates (ca. 12 and 82%, respectively) and have low amounts of fat (≤2.5%), making them low-energy foods. Dried pomace may also represent a potential alternative source of vegetal protein (ca. 6%).

Momordica grosvenorii saponin (MGS), as a promising dietary supplement with remarkable biological properties, has poor stability under acidic conditions and thus hinders its application in functional foods. In this study, capsules of chitosan and sodium alginate were successfully prepared to enhance the stability of MGS. The optimized parameters for preparing MGS capsules were established. Sodium alginate of 20.8 mg/mL and triplication of MGS powder were added to chitosan of 4 mg/mL and calcium chloride of 10 mg/mL at a volume ratio of 3:1, stirring at 1000 r/min for 30 min to form the capsules. In this case, the fresh particles averaged 1687 μm with an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 80.25% MGS. The capsule tolerated acidic environments better, and in vitro MGS could be controlled to release in a stimulated gastrointestinal tract system. The antioxidant activity and delayed release of MGS could be achieved by microencapsulation of chitosan/sodium alginate. Moreover, one drink containing 19 mg/mL MGS was successfully developed for the fruit.

Orientadores: Maria Regina Wolf Maciel, Mario Eusebio Torres Alvarez Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica Resumo: Os processos de separação com membranas (PSM) têm sido considerados como alternativa a processos clássicos de separação. Esta é uma área de estudo que apresenta uma forte interdisciplinaridade. Há um crescente interesse nestes processos para diversas aplicações como, por exemplo, tratamento de efluentes industriais, desalinização de águas, purificação e concentração de correntes da indústria alimentícia. A separação, em geral, não envolve mudança de fase, o que significa economia no consumo de energia e operações a temperaturas moderadas. Na tecnologia de separação com membranas, os componentes das misturas líquidas ou gasosas são separados ao permearem de forma seletiva através de uma membrana. As membranas podem ser poliméricas ou cerâmicas. A corrente de alimentação é dividida em duas correntes de saída: a que permeou através da membrana (permeado) e a corrente concentrada retida (¿retentate¿). Estes processos têm sido aplicados no processamento de bebidas, sucos, e aromas. Neste trabalho, dois PSM foram estudados, a Osmose Inversa (OI) e a Pervaporação (PV). Experimentos em escala piloto foram realizados empregando-se o processo de OI (membrana de poliamida) para a concentração de suco de laranja a 20°Brix. Avaliou-se a retenção de compostos de voláteis (acetaldeído, metanol e etanol) monitorando-se as correntes de alimentação e permeado. Os resultados de retenção de aromas obtidos não foram satisfatórios. A membrana apresentou baixas retenções para os voláteis monitorados na temperatura usada para realização dos experimentos. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, o processo de PV foi avaliado para recuperação de um importante éster do suco de laranja, o etil butirato. O software PERVAP, um simulador Fortran essencialmente preditivo, foi empregado no estudo de desempenho do processo para duas membranas, polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS) e polioctilmetilsiloxano (POMS). Realizou-se a predição de propriedades de membranas poliméricas para incremento da capacidade preditiva do simulador. Foram empregados métodos de contribuição de grupos para predição das propriedades dos polímeros. Os dados de viscosidade preditos para o POMS viabilizaram a realização de cálculos para obtenção de parâmetros requeridos para operação do simulador. A abordagem proposta proporcionou maior versatilidade ao simulador Abstract: The membrane separation processes (MSP) have been considered as alternative for conventional separation processes. In this research area a strong interdisciplinarity is observed. There is an increasing of interest for these processes considering many aplications (e.g., industrial wastewater treatment, water desalination, purification and concentration of food industry streams). The separation usually does not requires phase change, which means energy savings and moderate temperatures. A membrane separation system separates an inlet stream into two effluent streams known as the permeate and the retentate. The permeate is the portion of the fluid that has passed through the membrane. Whereas the retentate stream contains the constituents that have been rejected by the membrane. The membrane can be polymeric or ceramic. These processes have been applied for processing beverages, juices and aromas. In this work, two of these processes were studied, Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Pervaporation (PV). Pilot scale experiments were accomplished using RO (poliamide membrane) for concentrating single strength orange juice at 20ºBrix. The retention of volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, methanol and ethanol) was evaluated by monitoring feed and permeate streams. The retention results obtained were unsatisfactory. The membrane presented low retention for monitored volatiles under studied temperature conditions. In the second stage of this work, the PV process was evaluated for recovering an important ester of orange juice, the ethyl butyrate. The PERVAP software, an essentially predictive Fortran simulator, was used for evaluating process performance considering two membranes, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyoctylmethylsiloxane (POMS). It was accomplished the prediction of properties for polymeric membranes targeting the software predictivity improvement. Viscosity data predicted for POMS was crucial for calculating parameters required by simulator. The predictive approach proposed improved the software versatility Doutorado Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos Doutor em Engenharia Química

In preparation of the JUICE mission with the primary target Ganymede [1] we generated a new controlled version of the global Ganymede image mosaic using a combination of Voyager 1 and 2 and Galileo images. Baseline for this work was the new 3D control point network from Zubarev et al., 2016 [2], which uses the best available images from both missions and led to new position and pointing of the images. Introduction Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 encountered Jupiter in 1979. They took 490 Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) and Wide Angle Camera (WAC) images of Ganymede’s surface with pixel scales from 470 m/pxl down to 20 km/pxl. Galileo entered orbit around Jupiter in 1995 and flew by Ganymede 15 times to acquire 149 images ( Image data The Voyager and Galileo images were acquired under very differing illumination and viewing conditions and from different observation times, although they have been taken within a short period each. Together with the varying flyby altitudes it strongly influences the images’ brightness, contrast, and resolution. Another fact is that images of Ganymede are limited, so there is barely an area covered twice with a proper resolution whereas the poles suffer from a lack of image data. To reach the highest possible coverage in the global mosaic, we selected 118 Voyager 1 and 2 images and 88 Galileo SSI images including high-resolution images ( Control The 3D control point network was developed by the use of reconstructed spacecraft ephemerides [4] and consist of 3377 control points from 213 Voyager and Galileo images. The reprojection error is about 0.01-0.1 pixel and the coordinate accuracy of 78% of the control points is better than 5.0 km. Mosaicking The selected images were reprocessed with the new pointing and orientation data and then reprojected into the final cylindrical equidistant projection, where the small crater Anat defines the longitude system at 232° East. After artefact correction, images with similar observation times and resolutions were set together to regional mosaics. The most work-intense part was the brightness and contrast correction of the regional mosaics and the remaining single images by tone-matching at the transition zones. The global Ganymede mosaic can be downloaded at https://janus.dlr.de/ and is archived at PSA: DOI – 10.5270/esa-mqhvfjf. Outlook The new Ganymede basemap with a global map scale of 359 m/pxl including some high-resolution images from Galileo increases the variety of available data products and should help during pre-JUICE arrival investigations of Ganymede and support the planning process. References [1] Grasset et al., 2013, Planetary and Space Science, 78, 1-21, DOI: 10.1016/S0032063312003777. [2] Zubarev et al., 2016, Solar System Research, 50, 5, 352-360, DOI: 10.1134/S0038094616050087. [3] Kersten et al., 2021, resubmitted to Planetary and Space Science. [4] Zubarev et al., 2015, Planetary and Space Science, 117, 246-249, DOI: 10.1016/S0032063315002007.

The high decaying tendency of date palm juice limited its manifold application. Here, we developed a preservation technique for concentrated juice and formulated ready to serve (RTS) drinks. The collected date palm juice was heated at 85 °C for 5 min; scum was removed and preserved in the sterilized glass bottle. After that, this pasteurized juice was concentrated to 9%, 12%, 15%, 18% and 21% total soluble solids (TSS) levels and treated with 200 ppm of potassium metabisulfite (KMS) and stored at refrigerated temperature (4 °C). Among them, 18% TSS showed overall acceptability to sensory evaluations for colour, flavour, sweetness, TSS, acidity and microbial load. In contrast, heat treated date palm juice (9% TSS) was used to formulate RTS drinks containing 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% date palm juice, were preserved in sterilized bottles and stored at 30 °C. Results showed that RTS drinks containing 30% date palm juice secured the best colour, flavour, sweetness, TSS, acidity, microbial load and overall acceptability. Furthermore, no significant change was observed in TSS, acidity, microbial load up to three and six months for concentrated juice and RTS drinks, respectively., Date palm (Phoenix sylvestris), Juice, Value addition, Ready to serve drinks.

Sweet lime (Citrus limetta) is one of the citrus species and it is generally consumed fresh or processed to fruit juice. The squeezing method of fruit is an important factor affecting the quantity and composition of phenolic compounds of the juice. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and determine the antioxidant activities of sweet lime peel and juices. For this purpose, sweet lime juices were prepared using two different methods. Firstly, sweet lime fruits were hand-squeezed without peeling. Secondly, fruits were hand-squeezed after the manual removal of the peel. The phenolic compounds of the peel and the two types of juices were analyzed by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Twenty phenolic compounds were determined in all extracts, 18 of which were flavonoids and two were phenolic acids. The major compound was hesperidin both in the peel and juices. The procyanidin B dimer and luteolin were detected for the first time in sweet lime peel and juices in the present study. The amount of phenolic compounds of the peel was significantly higher than those of the juices. The total phenolic contents of the sweet lime juice increased about 13% from 444.55 to 502.54 mg/L due to the effect of the peel. The antioxidant capacity of the peel was found to be higher than those of the juices resulting from its high phenolic content. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

The paper features nutritionally enhanced bakery products. N.I. Vavilov Saratov State Agricultural University conducts a series of research on the development of accelerated technologies for nutritionally enhanced bakery products. One of the main objectives of food industry is to develop healthy bakery products. Small power bakeries located in places of high demand are getting very popular. Mini-bakeries specialize in complementing products, e.g. malt rye bread and sweet rolls, as well as dietary, functional, and preventive bakery products. In Russia, apple juice is cheap and available, since apples are extremely widespread. Nevertheless, apple juice is rich in minerals, vitamins, enzymes, and organic acids. The authors developed an accelerated technology for bakery products fortified with apple juice. The technology can be used by small enterprises that would like to expand their product range with the help of domestic fortifiers. The experiment involved samples of cold technology bread, in which water was partially substituted with apple juice. The samples were tested on sensory, physical, and chemical properties. The article describes the effect of apple juice on the structural and mechanical characteristics of the samples, i.e. viscosity, shear velocity, crumb, shelf life, rheological properties, general and plastic deformation, etc. The research revealed that apple juice affects the discoloration of the bakery product, i.e. degree of whiteness, chromaticity, and other color characteristics. Consumer properties were tested by panelists. The experiment defined the nutrition value and chemical composition of the product and established the optimal dosage of apple juice in the formulation, which could maintain the best consumer properties and satisfy the daily requirement for nutrients. Thus, bakery products fortified with apple juice can contribute to the development of baking industry.

In this study, it is aimed to understand the changes in sour cherry phytochemicals when their co-digestions are simulated in dairy model systems comprising skim milk, non-fat-yoghurt, probiotic yoghurt or cream. These co-digestions were analyzed for their total phenolic and anthocyanin contents, total antioxidant activity (TAA) in addition to phenolic and anthocyanin profiles, individually. Sour cherry phenolics were stable during gastric conditions (120%); 54% lost in pancreatic digestion and being available (59%) in serum available fraction (IN). Anthocyanins were lost both in gastric (30%) and pancreatic digestions (16%), being only little available (0.6%) in IN. Soymilk had inhibitory effects on TAA. Dairy food matrix components evaluated were found to have distinct effects on the measured bioavailability of individual sour cherry phenolics. This study might aid both consumers and industry on selecting the food matrices to aiding increase in bioavailability.

Citrus family especially Grapefruit, has attained considerable attention due to the presence of a number of essential components that have cardiovascular and anti-hypertensive properties. The juice and essential oil extracted from eight recently released grapefruit cultivars were used to study physicochemical and antioxidant properties. The total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and pH of juice samples extracted from various grapefruit varieties differed significantly. The refractive index, specific gravity and optical rotation values for the oil varied from 1.473 to 1.396, 0.863 to 0.847 and +93 to +86, respectively. The percent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical activity (% DPPH activity) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values for grapefruit juice and peel oil varied from 24.06 to 18.79, 2.91 to 1.44 mmol g –1 and 84.87 to 74.73, 7.76 to 5.73 mmol g –1 , respectively. There were significant differences in physicochemical, antioxidant properties and volatile profiles of extracted juice and oil. The oil exhibited higher DPPH and FRAP values than the juice. Among different components identified which accounted for over 99% of the volatile fraction, limonene, myrcene, and benzopyran were major components in all oil samples.

In the present work the effect of High Pressure Carbon Dioxide (HPCD) on the activity and structure of a commercial pectin methylesterase (PME) was studied and the results were compared to the conventional thermal inactivation technology. The use of supercritical CO2 (pressure 6–18 MPa, temperature 40–55 °C and time up to 75 min) increased dramatically the PME inactivation rate. The experimental data fitted the first order model and the inactivation kinetic study of PME was completed with the calculations of the activation energy and volume of activation. HPCD treatment induced important changes in the tertiary structure of the enzyme, as revealed the intrinsic fluorescence, KI quenching and ANS binding analyses. They showed that HPCD treatment rearranged the structure of the enzyme. These changes induced by HPCD were significantly different from those induced by mild thermal treatment. Finally, the structural changes detected correlated with the enzyme activity losses observed., Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for financial support of project CTQ2015-64396-R and A.E. Illera’s contract. To Junta de Castilla y León and ERDF for financial support of project BU055U16 and O. Benito-Román’s Post-doctoral contract. To Spanish Mi

Lettuce waste was blanched, ground, pre-homogenised at 40 MPa and subjected to high pressure homogenisation (HPH) at 80 (1 pass) and 150 MPa (1, 10 passes) to obtain an ingredient intended for blended juice formulation. When lettuce was subjected to HPH without previous blanching, physically unstable juices were obtained. By contrast, the combination of HPH with a blanching pre-treatment allowed obtaining juices showing no physical separation and characterised by a bright green colour. This high stability was attributed to the modification of lettuce fibrous structure and to a 90% and 60% inactivation of polyphenoloxidase and pectin methylesterase, respectively. Juices presented a phenolic content of 3.5 ± 1.3 mg GAE/100 g and a microbial count at least 1 Log lower than that of corresponding not-blanched samples and below limits usually indicated for juice quality (4.7 Log CFU/g). During storage (4 °C), no phase separation was observed but microbial counts rapidly increased, suggesting the need for a further stabilization step. Industrial application Solid waste generated by fresh-cut processing of lettuce could be valorised by the application of blanching and HPH, leading to an innovative ingredient potentially exploitable in the formulation of healthy blended juices, smoothies and comminuted food. This effort is worth making considering that HPH is being increasingly introduced as processing operation in various industrial contexts, showing good feasibility and cost effectiveness, and could allow valorisation of different leaf discards.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common foodborne pathogen that causes fever, vomiting, and other intestinal symptoms, and seriously affects human health and social safety. As a result, a reliable and sensitive detection technique for S. aureus must be developed. In this work, we proposed a sandwich assay on vancomycin functionalized magnetic beads (Van-MNPs) for S. aureus detection based on the specific binding between IgG and targets. The Van-MNPs were used as a tool for the separation of target bacteria. The biotin-modified IgG mediates binding between DNA nanoflowers (DNFs) and the target bacteria via interacting with streptavidin. The DNFs prepared by rolling circle amplification (RCA) were employed as a nano-container to enhance the capacity of biotins, and the streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (SA-HRP) was loaded onto DNFs to catalyze the color change of TMB. Therefore, a colorimetric biosensor based on magnetic separation and rolling circle amplification was developed. The proposed methods for S. aureus detection showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.3 × 103 CFU/mL and excellent specificity. The biosensor has a certain reference value for the detection of S. aureus in juice.

As some previous research has highlighted, landscape characteristics are useful for improving the market share of some food products and the market power of companies in the agrifood sector. The purpose of this study is to verify whether the visual aesthetic quality of the landscape can influence food preferences and the willingness to pay for agrifood products. To this end, the preferences of 64 participants for three types of juice (orange, peach and pear) were analysed through a blind tasting experiment. Each participant tasted three pairs of fruit juices, one for each type of juice. The juices belonging to each pair were the same, but before tasting, the participants were shown two photos portraying the orchards where the fruits were produced, so participants were induced to think that the juices were different. The landscape associated with each pair of photographs had a different visual aesthetic quality (high or low). Participants were asked to provide three measures while tasting the juices: their overall juice assessment using a seven-point hedonic scale, the visual aesthetic quality of the photos on a seven-point Likert scale, and their willingness to pay as a percentage variation of the price that they usually pay to buy fruit juices. According to our results, the mean overall liking score and the mean willingness to pay percentage variation for the juices associated with a preferred landscape was higher and statistically different. Despite the need for further research, our results suggest that landscape acts as a proxy for quality in the evaluation of some food products and that the use of landscape photos could be a valid marketing strategy in agribusiness.

The role of Carica papaya L. leaf juice in immune dysregulation caused by dengue virus infection remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of the freeze-dried C. papaya leaf juice (FCPLJ) on AG129 mice infected with a clinical DENV-2 (DMOF015) isolate. The infected AG129 mice were orally treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day of FCPLJ, for three days. Platelet, leukocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts were microscopically determined. The level of plasma proinflammatory cytokines was measured by multiplex immunoassay. The levels of intracellular cytokines and viral RNA were determined by RT-qPCR technique. The results showed that the FCPLJ treatment increased the total white blood cell and neutrophil counts in the infected mice. The FCPLJ treatment decreased the level of GM-CSF, GRO-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1 beta in the plasma of the infected mice. The intracellular IL-6 and viral RNA levels in the liver of infected mice were decreased by the FCPLJ treatment. In conclusion, this study supports the potential immunomodulatory role of the FCPLJ in a non-lethal, symptomatic dengue mouse model. Further studies on the action mechanism of the C. papaya leaf juice and its possible use as adjunctive dengue immunotherapy are warranted.

We propose the application of pulsed electric fields (PEF) to carrots to obtain derived products with increased phenolic and carotenoid bioaccessibility. For this purpose, juices, purees, and oil-added purees were obtained from whole PEF-treated carrots (five pulses of 3.5 kV cm−1, 0.61 kJ kg−1). In order to obtain shelf-stable products, the effect of a thermal treatment (70 °C for 10 min) was also studied. Carrot juices exhibited the highest carotenoid (43.4 mg/100 g fresh weight) and phenolic (322 mg kg−1 dry weight) contents. However, caffeic and coumaric acid derivatives were highly sensitive to PEF. The phenolic bioaccessibility reached 100% in purees obtained from the PEF-treated carrots, whereas the further thermally treated oil-added purees exhibited the greatest carotenoid bioaccessibility (7.8%). The increase in carotenoid bioaccessibility could be related to their better release and solubilization into micelles. The results suggest that food matrix aspects apart from particle size (e.g., pectin characteristics) are involved in phenolic bioaccessibility.

This work evaluates the added benefit of using laser altimeter measurements for orbit reconstruction. As a spacecraft orbits a celestial body, its altimetry swaths progressively cross previous swaths. These locations, known as crossover points, yield valuable information about the orbited body and the spacecraft trajectory. The mathematical expressions for the inclusion of crossover measurements into orbit determination algorithms are presented and evaluated. It is shown that a first-order approximation of these expressions is insufficient and a more detailed expression is developed. To evaluate the impact of altimetry crossover measurements on orbit determination, the planetary mission Jupiter Icy moons Explorer (JUICE) by the European Space Agency (ESA) is used as a case study by means of a covariance analysis. In this initial analysis, the assumption is made that all altimetry measurements are obtained with nadir pointing which limits the direct applicability of our method until pointing is accounted for.

Мақолада узумнинг эрта пишар хўраки навларининг ҳосилдорлик кўрсаткичи ўрганилган. Узумнинг эрта пишар хўраки навларининг махсулдорлигига караб 4 гурухга булинди: 1-энг юқор ҳосилдорлика эга булган навлар(50%дан юқори), 2-юқори ҳосилдорлика эга булган навлар(44-49%дан юқори), 3-уртача ҳосилдорлика эга булган навлар(35-39%дан юқори), 4-паст э ҳосилдорлика булган навлар (30%дан юқори булган)., The article studies the yield index of early-ripening grape varieties. The grape were divided into 4 groups according to the yield of early-maturing grape varieties: 1the group with the highest yield (above 50%), 2the group with high yield (above 4449%), 3the group with middle yield (above 35-39%), 4the group with low yield (above 30%).

Leído en julio de 2013, El objetivo principal de este trabajo es el desarrollo de un nuevo método de análisis sensible y selectivo para un grupo de plaguicidas pertenecientes a la familia de los carbamatos (CRBs). Al ser la mayoría de los CRBs neutros hasta valores de pH bastante elevados, ha sido necesario recurrir al empleo de la cromatografía electrocinética micelar (MEKC), basada en la formación de micelas en el tampón electroforético para conseguir la separación de este tipo de compuestos no cargados. Para ello se ha introducido un líquido iónico, (1-Dodecil-3-metilimidazoliumtetrafluoroborato), como medio organizado alternativo a los más comúnmente empleados en electroforesis capilar como son los surfactantes dodecil sulfato sódico (SDS) y bromuro cetiltrimetil amonio (CTAB). Para el tratamiento de muestra se hace uso de la microextracción líquido-líquido dispersiva (DLLME), la cual presenta la ventaja de ser eficaz, rápida y sencilla, además de reducir el consumo de disolventes orgánicos y de residuos. El procedimiento propuesto será caracterizado y validado para una matriz alimentaria, concretamente zumos de frutas., Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Química Analítica. Máster Universitario en Biotecnología, curso 2012-2013, Grupo de Investigación: Calidad en química analítica alimentaria, ambiental y clínica (FQM - 302)

Ultrasonication (US) processing of ketchup, changes in its quality parameters and microbial inactivation, and joint optimization of treatment parameters (22-57.5 degrees C treatment temperature, 90 and 100% amplitude, and 3 and 5 min treatment times) were investigated. Increased temperature and amplitude changed properties of ketchup. Total initial mold and yeast count of 2.40 +/- 0.23 log CFU/mL became undetectable with all US treatments. Total initial lactic acid bacteria of 3.91 +/- 0.23 log CFU/mL became undetectable at 55 degrees C with 100% amplitude for 5 min and 57.5 degrees C with 100% amplitude for 3 and 5 min (P < 0.05). Optimum settings were 57.39 degrees C, 100% amplitude, and 3.53 min (composite desirability = 0.81). The pilot-scale US treatment with a moderate temperature appeared promising to process ketchup., TUBITAK TEYDEP [3170830], The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the TUBITAK TEYDEP, (grant number 3170830).

In this study, nutraceutical properties of fruit juice and seeds, which are important for human health, of green (Kabarcik, Cavus), red (red Globe) and black (Honusu, Yildiz, Yediveren and Helvani) skin colored grape cultivars grown in same ecological conditions were investigated. Harvest period, number of seeds, cluster form, cluster weight, berry weight, berry color and usage area were determined as morphological parameters. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used for total phenol content analysis. The total antioxidant status of juices and seeds of grape cultivars have been determined by 2,2–diphenyl−1–picryl-hydrazyl–hydrate (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Seeds of all grape cultivars exhibited higher nutraceuticals than fruit juices. Total phenolic content of seed samples was found to be quite variable in range of 1.90 mg GAE/g (cv. Yildiz)–3.46 mg GAE/g (cv. Honusu) fresh weight base (FW), indicating 2 folds of differences between green and black grape cultivars. Green and black cultivars also showed the lowest and the highest total phenolic content in juices between 1.69 (cv. Yediveren) and 2.45 (cv. Honusu mg GAE/g FW). Seeds and fruit juices of all cultivars analyzed showed high antioxidant capacity and total phenol content. Of all different colored cultivars, black peel-colored cultivars had the highest values and combined better morphological and nutraceutical traits with an excellent berry qualitative profile for cv. Honusu and Helvani.

Lingonberries contain high contents of bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acids and anthocyanins. In addition to radical scavenging and antioxidant activities, these compounds can protect cells from DNA damage. For this reason, lingonberries might be well suited for nutraceuticals or natural biomedicines. To assess these applications, the present study characterized and identified the most effective extract, only consisting of anthocyanins, copigments or a mixture of both, obtained from a lingonberry juice concentrate. An extract was generated by using a XAD-7 column followed by fractionation into anthocyanins and copigments using adsorptive membrane chromatography. After identification of main polyphenols by HPLC–photodiode array–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry, free radical scavenging activity was analyzed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and galvinoxyl radicals. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry analyses and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay were applied. Finally, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) reducing effects of the lingonberry extract and its fractions were evaluated in HepG2 cells. While the combination of anthocyanins and copigments possessed the highest antioxidant activities, all samples (XAD-7 extract, anthocyanin and copigment fraction) protected cells from oxidative stress. Thus, synergistic effects between phenolic compounds may be responsible for the high antioxidant potential of lingonberries, enabling their use as nutraceuticals.

Fresh fruit and vegetable juices are commonly consumed as a valuable source of nutrients, while wheatgrass juice is, due to its nutritional value, used as a natural dietary supplement. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of wheatgrass juice addition to apple, beet, carrot, orange, and lemon juice on total and in vitro bioaccessible concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn, vitamin C concentration, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. In comparison to other juices, wheatgrass juice had the highest total and in vitro bioaccessible concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn, while beet juice had the highest K concentration. Lemon and orange juices had the highest vitamin C concentration, while the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content were found in wheatgrass juice. After the addition of wheatgrass juice, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn concentration increased in all examined juices, vitamin C concentration increased in apple, beet, and carrot juice, total phenolic content increased in carrot juice, while total flavonoid content increased in apple, carrot, and orange juice. In comparison to the examined juices, wheatgrass juice has better nutritional value, and it could be used in a mixture with other juices to improve their nutritional value.