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Boron containing steels are widely used in gear and shaft application. Addition of Boron to case hardened steel enhances hardenability resulting in good impact strength and wear resistant properties. In this present study, the influence of 100 and 150 PPM Nitrogen gas on Boron steel has been analyzed. The microstructure, hardenability, hardness, and impact strength has been evaluated. The Impact test was carried out as per standard and Fractography analysis has been done. Fine grain structure was observed in the higher Nitrogen content samples indicates better mechanical properties. The impact strength has been improved nearly 9% in the higher Nitrogen containing samples because of fine grain structure. Combination of intergranular with dimple mode of fracture was observed in the high Nitrogen containing samples.

The impact of anthropogenic activity of mattresses washing on the quality of two lotic water bodies of Cuddalore SIPCOT industries outlet water bodies two different stations were analysed. The industrial waste water currents battered along the Freshwater ecosystem near SIPCOT industries. Hence an attempt was made to record outlet water bodies two different stations were analysed. The water samples were collected during summer (April-June, 2021) and winter seasons (Oct-Dec 2021) and analysed for various physicochemical parameters. Decrease in dissolved oxygen concentrations along with tremendous increase in electrical conductivity in both the water bodies, was observed due to mattresses washing by using detergents. Heavy metals like lead, cadmium and nickel were absent throughout. The values of iron was increased while manganese was traced out after this activity. This proved that water quality was found to be hampered in both the stations. A total of 65 species of phytoplankton belonging to different taxonimic groups were identified. Among these, 25 species belong to Bacillariophyceae, 20 species to Chlorophyceae, 15 species to Cyanophyceae and 5 species to Euglenophyceae. The numerical superiority of phytoplankton reveals that Nitzschia sps. (6.66 x 103 units/1) is dominant in SIPCOT industries water outlet. The maximum value of Simpson index (SR) or species richness (0.55) was recorded in Cuddalore SIPCOT industry. The high value of species evenness index (J) was also recorded (0.69) in Cuddalore SIPCOT industry. The maximum value of Shannon’s overall index (H¢) of species diversity (1.38) was recorded in industrial outlet. Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Merismopedia, Aphanizomenon, Chlorella, Cosmarium, Scenedesmus, Closteridium, Navicula and Nitzschia were observed in two stations. These are pollution indicator species used for monitoring the environment.

In the present study, extracts of two spices namely cumin and fenugreek solvents were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The antibacterial activity was measured by agar well diffusion method and antifungal activity by poisoned food technique. All the extracts showed antibacterial activity against all the test bacterial isolates. Aqueous extracts of cumin did not exhibit antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. In aqueous extract, cumin and fenugreek showed good inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus with zone of inhibition 20 to 25 mm and 22 to 24 mm respectively. In ethanol extract, cumin extract showed antibacterial activity against all test bacteria with zone of inhibition ranged between 10mm and 18mm, while fenugreek showed activity with zone of inhibition ranged between 10mm and 21mm. In methanol extract, the diameter of zone of inhibition ranged between 9mm and 23mm in cumin and 13mm and 22mm in fenugreek. In case of antifungal activity, only fenugreek ethanol extract showed activity only against Rhizopus stolonifer and Mucor sp. The percent mycelial growth inhibition ranged between 20 to 25%. Based on this finding, these extracts is an alternate to chemical preservatives and can be used as a natural antimicrobial preservative to increase the shelf-life of food.

Outlier detection in multivariate data is one of the critical challenges in preprocessing phase. Many outlier detection methods have been emerged for the past few years to perform outlier detection efficiently in multivariate datasets. The prediction accuracy cannot be improved without proper outlier analysis and the prediction model might not confirm the expected behavior. The generation of huge data in real time applications makes the outlier detection process more crucial and challenging. Most of the currently available detection methods are based on mean and covariance that are not suitable for handling large volume of datasets, they are suitable for handlind static data and simple data to detect outliers. They cannot cope up with large scale data. So, there is a need for an efficient outlier detection model to detect the outliers in multivariate datasets. The primary objective of this research work is to develop a robust model for outlier detection in multivariate data. To achieve this, the work proposed an enhanced Hidden Semi-Markov Model (HSMM) which allows arbitrary time distribution in its states to detect outliers. The proposed work utilized six benchmark datasets and the performance is compared with several outlier detection algorithms such as HMM, iForest, FastABOD, and Expose. The work achieves 98.2 % of accuracy which is significantly better for detecting outliers in multivariate dataset. The proposed work improvised the percentage of acheivements between 2% to 25% than the currently available models.. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed model performs well than the currently available models in terms of accuracy, and receiver operation curve (ROC).

In this computer world, huge data are generated in several fields. Statistics in the healthcare engineering provides data about many diseases and corresponding patient's information. These data help to evaluate a huge amount of data for identifying the unknown patterns in the diseases and are also utilized for predicting the disease. Hence, this work is to plan and implement a new computer-aided technique named modified Ensemble Learning with Weighted RBM Features (EL-WRBM). Data collection is an initial process, in which the data of various diseases are gathered from UCI repository and Kaggle. Then, the gathered data are pre-processed by missing data filling technique. Then, the pre-processed data are performed by deep belief network (DBN), in which the weighted features are extracted from the RBM regions. Then, the prediction is made by ensemble learning with classifiers, namely, support vector machine (SVM), recurrent neural network (RNN), and deep neural network (DNN), in which hyper-parameters are optimized by the adaptive spreading rate-based coronavirus herd immunity optimizer (ASR-CHIO). At the end, the simulation analysis reveals that the suggested model has implications to support doctor diagnoses.

The fish diversity of different estuarine habitats of the Gowthami-Godavari River was studied from 2014 to 2017. We recorded 231 species of finfishes belonging to 27 orders, 81 families, and 167 genera. Perciformes was the most speciose order, followed by Carangiformes and Clupeiformes. Of the 231 species, one is an Endangered species (Silonia childreni), three are Vulnerable (Tenualosa toli, Cirrhinus cirrhosis, and Wallago attu), three are Near Threatened, and 11 are Data Deficient species. We also recorded five exotic species from the study area, of which Oreochromis mossambicus was the most dominant. The major threats, including potential impacts of river regulation and climate change on the estuarine habitats of Gowthami-Godavari, are also discussed.

In the presence of an external magnetic field Cooper pairs in noncentrosymmetric superconductors can acquire finite momentum. Recent theory predicts that such finite-momentum pairing can lead to an asymmetric critical current, where a dissipationless supercurrent can flow along one direction but not the opposite. However, to date this has not been observed. Here we report the discovery of a giant Josephson diode effect (JDE) in Josephson junctions formed from a type II Dirac semimetal, NiTe2. A distinguishing feature is that the asymmetry in the critical current depends sensitively on the magnitude and direction of an applied magnetic field and achieves its maximum value of ~60% when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the current and is of the order of just 10 mT. Moreover the asymmetry changes sign several times with increasing field. These characteristic features are accounted for in a theoretical model based on finite-momentum Cooper pairing derived from spin-helical topological surface states, in an otherwise centrosymmetric system. The finite pairing momentum is further established, and its value determined, from the evolution of the interference pattern under an in-plane magnetic field. The observed giant magnitude of the asymmetry in critical current and the clear exposition of its underlying mechanism paves the way to building novel superconducting computing devices using the Josephson diode effect., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures

Fresh water bodies, particularly rivers are getting polluted, thus decreasing the potability of water. A primaryreason for this is that all three major sources of pollution viz., industry, agriculture and domestic, which areconcentrated along the rivers. A study conducted to assess the physico-chemical properties of the Bhavaniriver water at three locations viz., Avalanche, Mettupalayam and Kooduthurai revealed that two parametersviz., dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand at Mettupalayam and five parameters viz., EC, totaldissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand atKooduthurai were beyond desirable limit. In these locations, water has to be treated with treatments suchas distillation, reverse osmosis and deionization to make it potable. The river is highly polluted due todischarge of domestic and industrial waste particularly dyeing, textile industries through several drains.

Background: Knowledge about the exact pathophysiology of the right ventricle in response to pulmonary hypertension classified by the World Health Organisation (WHO), including cellular and molecular mechanisms will help in the future development of disease-modifying interventions.Objectives: To study the morphological changes and assess the right ventricle's systolic and diastolic function using Echocardiography (ECG) in patients with pulmonary hypertension.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on the patients treated in the hospital setting who was diagnosed with Pulmonary hypertension.Results: The mean dimensions of the right ventricle increased with the increasing MAP 66.0% of the patients had systolic dysfunction. 91.7% had diastolic dysfunction in Grade 1 Pulmonary hypertension.Conclusion: The severity of pulmonary hypertension correlates with the patient’s functional status. Assessment of right ventricular function was one of the most important aspects in the management of pulmonary hypertension.

After defining the problem, we'll examine the various techniques (pre-and post-dynamic) for managing installment card fraud recognition, as well as collect all the data from various elements of card-based monetary fraud (regions, fraudulent activity, etc.). When all of the information has been gathered, it's time to put it into practice. It is best to avoid using data that has been gleaned from several sources because it has little practical use until it can be combined. For this collaboration, we're looking into novel data-combination approaches that can help us find the location of financial fraud. The Fraud Prevention and Detection systems were developed utilizing a variety of data mining techniques, including rule learning, rule generation, and rule selection.

Neem has also been called “Heal all”, “Divine Tree”, “Village Pharmacy” and even “Nature’s drugstore”. The ancient Indian found many therapeutic uses for the tree and also observed that the tree could survive in very dry and arid conditions. In due course of time, the name and fame of neem spread, not only in the remote areas of the Indian subcontinent but also in the adjoining countries in Asia, now known as Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. Since ancient times, India has had cultural and commercial relations with the people of these countries. Whereas in folklore mainly the leaves and to some extent the oil was used in Ayurveda (the Indian system of medicine), Siddha (the system of medicine practiced in some parts of south India) and Unani Tibb (the Greco-Persian system of medicine), polyherbal preparations containing one, two or all five parts of the plant, i.e. leaves, bark, flower, fruit and root, called panchang in Ayurveda, were used. In the traditional systems of medicine, some of the preparations were for internal administration, while others such as nasal drops, medicated oils or fats were for external application.

The genetic quality of the nursery stock used in windbreaks has been a concern of many people responsible for windbreak planting for about as long as other people have been concerned about the genetic quality of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). In 1923 Johnson (1923) cautioned tree planters in the Great Plains of North America to use only tree species proven to be hardy in their area. He also described within-species variation in Siberian elm ( Ulmus pumila L. ) noting that "strains" coming from different localities in China were quite variable in hardiness when grown in the northern Great Plains. Progress in improving trees and shrubs for windbreaks has not been as dramatic as the gains have been with timber species. The benefits of windbreaks are substantial, but they are often indirect and long-term. There has been little pressure on government and university research administrators to devote more of their resources to the genetic improvement of windbreak species. Private industry has not become involved in producing genetically-improved seed of windbreak species because of the limited market for such seed.

The purpose of this study was to see how feeding cotton gin trash (CGT) as an alternative meal affected the growth performance, carcass features, and meat quality of Mecheri ram lambs. A growth performance trial was conducted with thirty-two weaned Mecheri ram lambs from four months to nine months (180 days) of marketing age and assigned into four groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) of eight animals in each group. The lambs were fed with CGT at 0 (T1), 25 (T2), 50 (T3) and 75 (T4) per cent inclusion levels in the roughage portion at 60:40 roughage: concentrate ratio. All the group of animals were fed on dry matter requirement basis at four per cent of their body weight. The lambs fed with 75 (T4) and 50 (T3) per cent inclusion level of CGT showed signifi-cantly (P0.05), however the lambs in T4 demonstrated higher feed efficiency (7.4) than the T1 (9.3) group. The slaughter studies revealed that the lambs in T4 followed by T3 group registered significantly (P0.05) difference in the weights of edible and inedible offals. Meanwhile, there were no significant variations (P>0.05) in pH, water holding capacity, shear force value, sensory charac-teristics, or proximate composition of meat across treatment groups. In accordance to the find-ings, CGT can be added up to 75% of the roughage component in sheep feed as an effective un-conventional supplementation, as it improves body weight, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics in Mecheri ram lambs.

An experiment was conducted during month of February 2022 at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to identify the effect of different agroforestry systems on soil quality parameters. Soil samples were collected from nine different agroforestry systems from three major agroforestry sites such as agrisilviculture, silvihorticulture and silvipasture systems. Soil was analysed for soil quality parameters viz., pH, EC, bulk density, porosity, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and available micronutrients. Different agroforestry systems show their effect as variations in soil physical and chemical properties. Results from the study reveals that the agroforestry system Acacia leucophloea + Guinea grass shows higher fertility status than other agroforestry systems. This system was noticed to have higher amount of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and available micronutrients compared to other agroforestry systems taken into account for research. Casuarina equisetifolia + Sorghum agroforestry system was observed to have low available P, available K and available micronutrients than other systems. Further studies are needed to define an agroforestry system for proper land use management and improving fertility status of the soil by including other soil quality parameters viz., biological and microbial parameters.

Finding a suitable biomass sample for the pyrolysis process with proper physicochemical properties is a challenging one as it has several criteria and attributes. Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) represents a systematic approach for helping decision makers in diversified field. In this study, the application of the digraph and matrix approach is described for the selection of the most appropriate biomass material for yielding more liquid oil via thermochemical conversion. A biomass material selection index (BMSI) is proposed that evaluates and ranks the selected materials. The index is derived from a material selection attributes function and acquired from a material selection attributes digraph. The digraph is developed making an allowance for material selection attributes and its relative importance related to pyrolysis. A sequential procedure to assess the biomass material selection index is recommended in this study. Among the selected materials, this study demonstrated a sunflower shell with a higher index. At the end of the study, the prediction is also validated by conducting the experimental research.

The historical shoreline changes from 1980 to 2020 along the Manamelkudi coast is studied using toposheet, satellite time-series Landsat data, and observed data. An attempt is made to recognise possible factors which are responsible for shoreline changes and spit growth at south Manamelkudi coast (Palk Strait), Eastern part of Pudukkottai district, Tamilnadu. During 1980–2020, the regions showed distinct spatio-temporal variability, which is discussed in relation to spit evolution and shoreline changes. The study also generated a long-term (1980-2020) shoreline change statistics (EPR, LRR, SCE and NSM, WLR) using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) at every 150 m interval for the Manamelkudi coast covering 42 km, identified the erosion and accretion and divide the shoreline into different classes of erosion and accretion. Identified lengths of shoreline with high erosion, low erosion, stable, low accretion and high accretion are, respectively, based on LRR. The results indicate that spit evolution is predominant along the Manamelkudi coast, with the highest percentage of erosion and accretion.

Coconut, an important perennial tree largely grown in Tamil Nadu to the extent of 4.61 lakh hectares. Inthis study, attempt has been made to create a spatial data base on spatial changes of coconut acreage inCoimbatore and Tiruppur districts of Tamil Nadu. The methodology involves digital classification of satelliteimage and identifying coconut plantations and creation of spatial database of coconut area in Coimbatoreand Tiruppur districts for the period 2019 and compare the same with 2013 data. Total area of coconutunder Coimbatore and Tiruppur was found to be 80,065 and 58,357 ha respectively. A comparison betweenarea obtained from this study and the area statistics released by Coconut Development Board data wasdone using paired t-test and the p-value was 0.005, which showed that there was no significant differencebetween the two data and the RMSE value was also found to be low, which indicated that this methodologycan be adopted for mapping the coconut area. Change detection analysis showed that the area decreased in Coimbatore to the tune of 5.4 per cent, whereas there was not much change in Tiruppur district and reduction in area was only 0.2 per cent. The accuracy was worked out by comparing the assessment based on the Remote sensing data and the government estimates which showed a difference of 9.54 per cent indicating the accuracy of 90.46 per cent.

The superconducting analogue to the semiconducting diode, the Josephson diode, has long been sought with multiple avenues to realization being proposed by theorists1–3. Showing magnetic-field-free, single-directional superconductivity with Josephson coupling, it would serve as the building block for next-generation superconducting circuit technology. Here we realized the Josephson diode by fabricating an inversion symmetry breaking van der Waals heterostructure of NbSe2/Nb3Br8/NbSe2. We demonstrate that even without a magnetic field, the junction can be superconducting with a positive current while being resistive with a negative current. The ΔIc behaviour (the difference between positive and negative critical currents) with magnetic field is symmetric and Josephson coupling is proved through the Fraunhofer pattern. Also, stable half-wave rectification of a square-wave excitation was achieved with a very low switching current density, high rectification ratio and high robustness. This non-reciprocal behaviour strongly violates the known Josephson relations and opens the door to discover new mechanisms and physical phenomena through integration of quantum materials with Josephson junctions, and provides new avenues for superconducting quantum devices.

It is mandatory to improve the design of the flat plate collector (FPC) used for solar thermal applications to perform well. One way to improve the performance characteristics of FPC is to retain the heat energy available inside the collector. That is, a collector should be capable to give more heat energy to working fluid for a longer duration. It has been implemented in such a way in an entertained and improved model which is known as solar cavity collector (SCC). It consists of 5 numbers of cavities equipped with inlet and outlet tubes. The same having with an enclosure has been constructed and investigated to find the optimal performance. In general, the physical dimensions of the collector influence more the functioning behaviors of SCC. The performance variables that are considered for the present study are the comparison between 5 and 7 numbers of cavities and the effect of aperture entry. Collector angle of tilt, two types of flow mode, and water mass flow rates are the other performance variables that are also considered. The data from the experimentations are trained, tested, and validated with the help of the artificial neural network (ANN). The accuracy of the model is 96%, and the end results revealed the same trend followed by both experimental and ANN simulation results. Also, the variations that occur between ANN and experimented results are ±4%.

Effluent Treatment Plant Sludge (ETPS) from pulp and paper mill is produced in larger quantities and its disposal has the major problem faced by the industries. The conversion of paper mill sludge into hydrochar through the process of Hydro Thermal Carbonization (HTC) has wider opportunities in agriculture. This study explored the optimization processes which influence the preparation of hydrochar from ETPS through the approaches of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimized temperature and time were 220 °C and 4 hours, respectively for hydrochar production based on higher carbon and nitrogen content. The hydrochar and ETPS was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) for its structural morphology. Based on the optimized parameters, the hydrochar was produced and used in the pot culture experiment to study the impact of the hydrochar on bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus) crop growth. Different concentrations of hydrochar were applied as basal in the pot. The treatment with 4% hydrochar germinated first show the good shoot and root length and 11% increase in germination percentage and 22% increase in vigour index when compared with control due to its higher nutritives which is on par with the results of 5% hydrochar.

Drought is one of the recurring features of Indian agriculture, especially in the rain fed areas. It affects not only the national food security but also causes miseries to human life and live stock. The study area, i.e., Ramanathapuram district of Tamilnadu, India (Latitude 9°40′and Longitude 78°70′) has been affected consecutively for the last three years from 2015 to 2018 by drought, due to the failure of rainfall of northeast and southwest monsoons. So, the economic status of the area has declined due to the drought and the people from this district have migrated to other districts to improve their socio-economic status. This district has seven taluks, eleven blocks and four hundred villages. Major physiography units of the district are vast coastal plain, adjacent alluvial plain and a small area of buried pediments. The predominant geological formations are recent alluvium, and laterite followed by mio-pliocene Cuddalore Sandstone, upper cretaceous calcareous sandstone and proterozoic basement rocks. The total thickness of sedimentary rocks may be upto 3000 metre. The shallow aquifer in the district is severely affected by sea water intrusion and the inland salinity of marine sedimentary formations. Since the shallow aquifer is saline, paddy cultivation practices are generally being done through rain fed lake irrigation. According to the Central Ground Water Board report, the deeper groundwater aquifer in this district would give a continuous supply of freshwater. In order to develop agriculture activities and avoid drought management, the following steps are to be undertaken immediately. 1. River linking scheme of westerly debouching, i.e., Western Ghat Rivers in the Arabian Sea with the ephemeral rivers of the study area such as Vaigai, Gundar and Kottakkarai Rivers to improve the recharge of groundwater and prevent sea water intrusion. 2. Delineation of the depth of deeper fresh water in Tertiary and Cretaceous aquifer by sub-surface mapping study through 2D resistivity imaging depth profile study and borehole data. 3. Augmentation of engineering structures in the coastal area will prevent sea water intrusion in the shallow aquifer. 4. To improve the socio-economic status of the farmer and for drought management, a crop insurance scheme should be implemented for farmers. 5. Providing long term loans with subsidy facilities should be implemented for the construction of bore holes to improve crop production by getting fresh water from a deeper aquifer. 6. The study area is located nearer to the sea, so the large scale desalination plant system should be implemented by government organisation to get fresh water for improving agriculture practices.

In this study, Housing and Spindle failed at Friction weld (FRW) interface and sample submitted was from a Passenger vehicle after covering 18410 Kms was considered to address the repeated weld failures reported in Rear Axle Casing. The Metallurgical examinations revealed, chemical composition and hardness found satisfactory whereas Microstructure reveals presence of MnS (Manganese Sulphide) Inclusions at the friction weld interface resulting in insufficient friction weld fusion.SEM and Metallographic examinations confirmed the Orientation of MnS (Manganese sulphide) along the surface of the Spindle that was subjected to Friction welding (FRW) resulting in insufficient weld fusion. Microstructure observation of Spindle shows inclusions of Type A - Thick 2 against the allowable limits in Raw Material Type A - Thick 1. Also, the elongated MnS inclusions at the Friction weld (FRW) Interface act as initiation sites, "Stress raiser "that is more vulnerable to failure due to comparatively less tensile and impact strength than base metal similar to the effect of flake graphite’s in cast iron. Due to the anisotropy and orientation of the sulfide inclusions there is reduction in transverse ductility in reduced area and not much significant effect in longitudinal direction. Inclusion control by calcium treatment or Electro slag re-melting in spindle raw material will significantly improve the ductility and toughness of friction weldments. This paper aims to study the effect of Sulfide inclusions on weldability, mechanical properties of weld Interface and role as fracture initiation site.

The dye-containing effluent from the textile, paper, and food sectors is brightly coloured and has extremely negative impacts on living creatures. Dye degradation into a non-toxic state is useful for reducing water pollution. A variety of treatment strategies have been used to maximize dye deterioration process. Furthermore, because of its small size and high reactive nature, nanocomposites have attracted a lot of interest in the elimination of harmful dye pollution. In this present research work Methylene blue dye was selected for photocatalytic degradation using synthesized photocatalysts. In the presence of synthetic photocatalysts, we irradiated an aqueous solution of methylene blue dye with sunlight and UV radiation. This study compares photocatalytic methylene blue degradation in the presence of Poly (aniline-Co-Oaminophenol)/ ZnO nanocomposite and Polyazomethine/ZnO nanocomposites. The outcomes showed that Poly (aniline-Co-O-aminophenol)/ZnO nanocomposite has a higher photocatalytic productivity than Polyazomethine/ZnO nanocomposites.

High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has a higher coding efficiency, its encoding performance must be increased to keep up with the expanding number of multimedia applications. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel Rectified Linear Unit-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory-based Tree Social Relations Optimization (ReLU-BiLSTM-based TSRO) method to enhance the quality of video transmission. The significant objective of our proposed method aims in enhancing the standards of entropy encoding process in HEVC. Here, context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) framework which is prevalent and an improved form of entropy coding model is utilized in HEVC standards. In addition to this, the performances of the proposed method are determined by evaluating various measures such as mean square error, cumulative distribution factor, compression ratio, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and bit error rate. Finally, the proposed method is examined with five different sequences of video from football, tennis, garden, mobile and coastguard. The performances of the proposed method are compared with various approaches, and the result analysis shows that the proposed method attained minimum mean square error (MSE) loss with maximum PSNR rate.

Purpose Access-based services (ABSs) provide short-term access to goods, physical facilities, space or labor in exchange for access fees without transferring legal ownership (e.g. bike-sharing). This study aims to investigate what service providers can do to minimize financial losses when customers misbehave with the service providers’ assets in ABSs. The study also examines the effects of product misuse on subsequent customers and what factors may mitigate it. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a scenario-based experiment to test the conceptual model. Findings Injunctive norms reduce the mediating effect of descriptive norms on misbehavior contagion. As generally accepted and approved (injunctive) norms become salient, they override the impact of prevailing (descriptive) norms, thereby breaking the vicious cycle of misbehavior contagion. Customer-company identification (CCI) and reduced interpersonal anonymity mitigate the effects of previous misbehavior on misbehavior contagion. Practical implications ABS firms should strive to mitigate the financial and reputational losses they suffer from customer misbehavior. Such mitigation would be a win-win for the ABS firm (reduced misbehavior) and the customers (improved user experience). Originality/value The research complements prior research highlighting the role of social norms in misbehavior contagion. The study demonstrates the role of boundary conditions by investigating the interactive effects of descriptive and injunctive norms. In addition, it shows the positive impact of CCI and reduced interpersonal anonymity on containing misbehavior contagion.

Charybdis (Archias) hongkongensis Shen, 1934 was collected from the Indian coast of the Bay of Bengal and this is the first record from Indian waters. The distinct key characters of this species are: a relatively more produced last antero-lateral tooth, strongly convergent postero-lateral margins, and a smooth, rounded, reduced apex of the male first gonopod. This is the ninth member of Charybdis (Archias) Alcock, 1899 from Indian waters. The species is diagnosed and figured herein.

The sources of toxic trace elements from the rivers to be debouched into the sea through estuaries are either weathered naturally from the soils and rocks or introduced anthropogenicaly from point or non-point sources, in labile form or in particulate form. The chemistry and ecology of an estuarine system are entirely different from the fluvial as well as the marine system. To gain a better understanding of the geochemical behavior of physico-chemical parameters, major ions and trace elements and to examine variations in associated chemical fluxes, 20 water samples were collected throughout the Manakudy estuary and analyzed during pre and post monsoon season. The major ion sequence of abundance is followed as Na > Mg > K > Ca > NO3 > SiO4 > P > NO2 with respect to the mean values during both monsoons. Among the trace metals, the mean concentration of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Pb are 4128, 42, 36, & 5.18 μg/l in premonsoon and 2064, 31,37, 25, & 6.17 μg/l in postmonsoon is found as high when compared to Cu, Cr, Cd and Co. To precisely identify the toxicity level of trace metals in water, the contamination factor (CF) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were computed. Cu recorded as highly contaminating metal in estuarine water followed Zn based on CF values. The PERI values show moderate to high risk in premonsoon and moderate to significantly high risk in postmonsoon water. The physico-chemical parameters, major ions and trace elements are interrelated components of water quality properties which controls the estuarine water ecosystem. So that the enrichment and overloading of these components are by the geogenic and anthropogenic processes that adversely affects the species diversity, metabolism and the population of habitats. It is recommended for strategic management plans must be implemented to control the overloading of pollutants in Manakudy estuarine water.

Plate like cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots were prepared by using β-cyclodextrin as reductant. Photoluminescence and uv-visible diffused reflectance spectroscopic techniques are used to investigate the optical property of CdS. The blue shifted emission of CdS at 469nm than the bulk particle is observed. The calculated band gap of CdS quantum dot is 2.62 eV showed a difference of 0.2 eV energy greater than that of bulk, indicating quantum size effect. The synthesized quantum dot has size in the range of 3.5nm with zinc blende crystallite structure. The plate like nanoclusters of CdS are inferred from SEM images. The photocatalytic efficiency of prepared CdS was tested for the degradation of rhodamine B dye using natural solar light. Effect of weight of catalyst, concentration of dye, pH of solution and reusability of catalyst were investigated. Existence of isosbestic point observation of high intense absorbance peak at 550nm at 300min in different matrix circumstances confirms the formation of leuco Rh B.

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the United States. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) constitutes up to 70% of all HF in pregnancy. Cardiac angiogenic imbalance caused by cleaved 16kDa prolactin has been hypothesized to contribute to the development of PPCM, fueling investigation of prolactin inhibitors for the management of PPCM. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of prolactin inhibition on left ventricular (LV) function and mortality in patients with PPCM. We included English language articles from PubMed and EMBASE published upto March 2022. We pooled the mean difference (MD) for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at follow-up, odds ratio (OR) for LV recovery and risk ratio (RR) for all-cause mortality using random-effects meta-analysis. Among 548 studies screened, 10 studies (3 randomized control trials (RCTs), 2 retrospective and 5 prospective cohorts) were included in the systematic review. Patients in the Bromocriptine + standard guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) group had higher LVEF% (pMD 12.56 (95% CI 5.84-19.28, I2=0%) from two cohorts and pMD 14.25 (95% CI 0.61-27.89, I2=88%) from two RCTs) at follow-up compared to standard GDMT alone group. Bromocriptine group also had higher odds of LV recovery (pOR 3.55 (95% CI 1.39-9.1, I2=62)). We did not find any difference in all-cause mortality between the groups. Our analysis demonstrates that the addition of Bromocriptine to standard GDMT was associated with a significant improvement in LVEF% and greater odds of LV recovery, without significant reduction in all-cause mortality.

Foraminifera are found in all marine environments, but they are very particular about the congenial environment for their reproduction, diversity and abundance. To understand the influence of bottom water parameters on the distribution of foraminifera from the shallow shelf region of Bay of Bengal, off Tiruchendur, Southeast Coast of Tamil Nadu, sediment and bottom water samples were collected at 27 stations, along three traverses viz. from off Veerapandianpattinam, off Tiruchendur and from off Alandurai, ranging in depths from 1.6m to 18.5m. The samples were collected during three seasons representing, summer (May 2016), pre monsoon (October 2016) and winter (January 2017) and thus the total samples amounted to 81. A total of 105 species of foraminifera have been identified from 47 genera, 32 families, 16 superfamilies and 4suborders. Among these 105 foraminiferal species, five were found to be widespread and abundant viz. Ammonia beccarii, A. tepida, Asterorotalia inflata, Nonioniodes boueanum and Quinqueloculina seminulam. Various bottom water parameters such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH were determined and correlated with the foraminiferal population. Temporally, higher temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH of bottom water observed during summer (May 2016) were congenial for higher population in the study area. Optimum conditions for the higher population and abundance of foraminifera are: Temperature: > 32.0°C, Dissolved oxygen: >6.0 mg/l, Salinity: >32 ppt and pH>8.1.

The main objective of this study is to identify the potable groundwater zones in Adyar River Basin (ARB) that forms the major river of Chennai metropolitan and significantly contributes to the demands of this big city's water supply. Twenty eight groundwater samples were collected during postmonsoon and premonsoon seasons in 2016 from the wells of ARB which is downstream of Chembarambakkam Lake, which supplies drinking water to Chennai metropolitan city. All the water samples were analyzed using Portable meter and Ion Chromatography for physico-chemical parameters and major ions such as pH, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, HCO3, SO4 and NO3. The analytical results were compared with the WHO, USEPA & BIS guideline values and reported that some of the samples exceeds these guideline values for drinking water quality. Spatial distribution maps were prepared to identify the potable groundwater available regions based on these water quality parameters. Piper and Gibbs plots are generated to identify the nature and type of groundwater with processes controls the groundwater chemistry. Principal component analysis was done to interpret the possible sources of chemical compounds present in the groundwater. To precisely delineate the potable groundwater region in ARB, Water Quality Index (WQI) approach is employed with the basic water quality parameters and spatial distribution maps were prepared using GIS for the obtained indexes. It is found that only 10.71% and 17.86% of the study area groundwater is within the excellent water quality for drinking during postmonsoon and premonsoon respectively, whereas 42.86% in postmonsoon and 14.29% in premonsoon is found as poor quality groundwater for drinking. The groundwater of the northwestern and western part of ARB is under very poor and unsuitable category for drinking in both the seasons. This region of ARB is recommended for implementation of artificial groundwater recharging to improve the groundwater quality and make it suitable for drinking.

Background: Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk in several pathological conditions such as T2DM, Metabolic syndrome (MetS), CVD, and CAD. Early studies which were done on TyG index focus on insulin resistance. High TGL level induces production of small density LDL particle. All these proposed theories, explains why TyG index used as an independent factor of cardiovascular risk. Materials and Methods: 150 First year medical students were included and their anthropometric measures done using standard scale. Fasting blood glucose estimated by GOD POD method. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, High density lipoprotein and direct low density lipoprotein were estimated by IFCC approved methods. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results: Results 26% were obese and 5.33% were overweight. Lipid profile found to be significant different among the group. Atherosclerotic indices were found to have mild to moderate correlation with anthropometric measures (p Conclusion: Present study showed a high prevalence of overweight to obesity ratio in first year medical students. With TyG index we observed an independent association of cardio-metabolic risk with BMI in young adult. Keywords: TyG index, Anthropometric measures, Atherosclerotic indices, Cardio-metabolic risk.