Search

The current capabilities of and future upgrade plans for the beamlines supporting structural biology at the Canadian Light Source are described., The Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility (CMCF) consists of two beamlines dedicated to macromolecular crystallography: CMCF-ID and CMCF-BM. After the first experiments were conducted in 2006, the facility has seen a sharp increase in usage and has produced a significant amount of data for the Canadian crystallographic community. Upgrades aimed at increasing throughput and flux to support the next generation of more demanding experiments are currently under way or have recently been completed. At CMCF-BM, this includes an enhanced monochromator, automounter software upgrades and a much faster detector. CMCF-ID will receive a major upgrade including a new undulator, a new monochromator and new optics to stably focus the beam onto a smaller sample size, as well as a brand-new detector.

Beamline 08B1-1 is a recently commissioned bending-magnet beamline at the Canadian Light Source. The beamline is designed for automation and remote access. Together with the undulator-based beamline 08ID-1, they constitute the Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility. This paper describes the design, specifications, hardware and software of beamline 08B1-1. A few scientific results using data obtained at the beamline will be highlighted.

An integrated computer software system for on-site and remote collection of macromolecular crystallography (MX) data at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) is described. The system consists of an integrated graphical user interface for data collection and beamline control [MX Data Collector (MxDC)] which provides experiment-focused control of beamline devices, and a laboratory information management system [MX Laboratory Information Virtual Environment (MxLIVE)] for managing sample and experiment information through a web browser. The system allows remote planning and transmission of sample and experiment parameters to the beamline through MxLIVE, on-site or remote data collection through MxDC guided by information from MxLIVE, and remote monitoring and download of experimental results through MxLIVE. The system is deployed and in use on both MX beamlines at the CLS which constitute the Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility.

The Canadian light source is a 2.9 GeV national synchrotron radiation facility located on the University of Saskatchewan campus in Saskatoon. The small-gap in-vacuum undulator illuminated beamline, 08ID-1, together with the bending magnet beamline, 08B1-1, constitute the Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility (CMCF). The CMCF provides service to more than 50 Principal Investigators in Canada and the United States. Up to 25% of the beam time is devoted to commercial users and the general user program is guaranteed up to 55% of the useful beam time through a peer-review process. CMCF staff provides "Mail-In" crystallography service to users with the highest scored proposals. Both beamlines are equipped with very robust end-stations including on-axis visualization systems, Rayonix 300 CCD series detectors and Stanford-type robotic sample auto-mounters. MxDC, an in-house developed beamline control system, is integrated with a data processing module, AutoProcess, allowing full automation of data collection and data processing with minimal human intervention. Sample management and remote monitoring of experiments is enabled through interaction with a Laboratory Information Management System developed at the facility.

A photon beam test of the 4 m long prototype lead/scintillating-fibre module for the GlueX electromagnetic barrel calorimeter was carried out in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility with the objective of measuring the energy and timing resolutions of the module as well as the number of photoelectrons generated. Data were collected over an energy range of 150–650 MeV at multiple positions and angles along the module. Details of the analysis at the centre of and perpendicular to the module are shown herein; the results are σ E / E = 5.4 % / E ( GeV ) ⊕ 2.3 % , σ Δ T / 2 = 70 / E ps, and 660 photoelectrons for 1 GeV at each end of the module.

The Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility (CMCF) at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) is a suite of fully automated beamlines, 08ID-1 and 08B1-1 [1]. It serves over 60 Canadian groups plus academic and commercial users in the US. Besides remote data collection, we offer Mail-In service where data are collected by CMCF staff. Beamline 08B1-1 has been in operation since 2011 and beamline 08ID-1 since 2006. When beamline 08ID-1 was designed, over 10 years ago, small crystals were defined as having sizes of 50-100 μm. Today, the most challenging experiments require more intense X-ray beams that can be focused to accommodate much smaller crystal sizes of less than 5 μm with flux on the order of 10^11 photons/s. To reach these stringent parameters, a new more powerful source of X-rays will be required, which will be provided by a longer small-gap in-vacuum undulator (SGU). To accommodate the higher power levels and to focus X-rays to a smaller focal spot with a high degree of spatial and temporal stability, the existing X-ray optical elements need to be upgraded. The remaining components of the project include a 5-axis alignment table for improving alignment of small samples with the microbeam, a high-efficiency robotic sample-changer and a single-photon X-ray detector. Several options for the new design will be discussed. These developments are consistent with the current direction of structural biology research at the CLS [2]. Since 2006 over 225 (240) papers and 400 (444) PDB deposits reported data collected at beamline 08ID-1. Parentheses indicate the total number for the CMCF. Many of these have been published in very high impact journals such as N. Engl. J. Med., Nature, Cell, Science, PNAS, among others (http://cmcf.lightsource.ca/publications/).

Recent additions to the Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility have expanded the capabilities of its bending magnet beamline. It is now possible to perform x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) on crystals. A wide range of biologically relevant metals can be further studied, supplementing diffraction data. XAS can be used to determine if metalloproteins are photoreducing during diffraction data collection. The geometries of metal complexes can also be inferred with near-edge and EXAFS data, often more accurately than crystallography. CMCF-BM can be employed to do the abovementioned techniques on powder and solution samples that contain a metal of interest. One XAS-based technique that shows promise is single crystal plane polarized EXAFS. This technique combines crystallographic data with the findings from XAS to yield a high resolution three dimensional atomic model. More recently a number of the procedural steps required for the acquisition of XAS-based data have been automated in the MxDC software suite. These changes to data collection make it easier for users new to these disciplines to run the XAS-based experiments. By having the necessary equipment to do XAS at a protein crystallography facility, researchers who may not have had the opportunity delve into the field of XAS now can do so with minimal risk in terms of materials, funds and time.

The Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility (CMCF) operates two crystallography beamlines, 08ID-1 and 08B1-1 (http://cmcf.lightsource.ca), at the Canadian Light Source (CLS). Normal access is through a traditional peer review process but commercial access is also welcome. Users apply for beamtime against their active proposals and may collect data in person or via remote access (Remote Control or Mail-In). Remote Control allows users to control the beamlines remotely from home institutions. Additionally, users with the highest peer review scores have the option of Mail-In beamtime, where data are collected by CMCF staff according to investigators' instructions. This method has proven very effective for several reasons. Data are collected by trained personnel experienced with the beamlines, resulting in high quality data. Travel expenses are eliminated. Data are collected around regular user shifts using the most appropriate beamline, reducing wasted beamtime and providing flexibility. The process is made extremely efficient when integrated with MxLIVE, the CMCF Laboratory Information Management System, since images can be viewed and output files downloaded almost immediately after data have been collected for the user. Four Mail-In shifts per week are typically supported during normal operations. In 2013 alone, over 430 datasets were collected for more than 20 investigators across Canada. At least 12 peer-reviewed articles appeared in 2013 containing Mail-In data, many in high-impact journals. Several of these results will be discussed.

The Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility (CMCF) at the Canadian Light Source consists of two macromolecular crystallography beamlines for structure determination using x-ray diffraction. The equipment at the CMCF beamlines have undergone or will undergo changes and improvements to better meet the needs of the most challenging experiments users may present. Among these improvements are: 1) Automounter improvements; 2) Better goniometry on 08ID-1 with the addition of a Huber air-bearing goniometer; 3) Added beam size capabilities on 08ID-1 with the addition of a multiple beam defining aperture holder; 4) XAFS capability on 08B1-1; 5) Improved low energy S-SAD data collection with the addition of a Helium path; 6) Improvements to the data collection and data management software; 7) A vacuum path for scattering experiments with detector distances up to 1 m; 8) A comprehensive beamline upgrade project on the 08ID-1 beamline; and 9) Service crystallography services.