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L. josephi Silveira, Khattar and Mermudes, 2016b (Figure 4 M) Differential diagnosis. Overall brown; sternum IX symmetric, apices acute; pygidium up to 2x longer than sternum VIII greatest length., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 295, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

C. stellata Gorham, 1880 (Figure 3 E) Differential diagnosis. Medium overall size (body length ~ 2 cm); pronotum black to darkbrown, with lateral borders yellow; antennal lamellae increasing up to antennal midlength, then decreasing; lamellae of antennomere VII shorter than half antennal length; clypeus variably connate or connected to frons by membrane; and pygidium posterior corners welldeveloped, acute., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 292, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. margipallens Olivier, 1909 (Figure 5 O) Differential diagnosis. Overall black, elytral outer margin with a pale yellow stripe reaching apical 4/5; pronotum sometimes with outer borders pale-yellow, sometimes with paired pink vittae, sometimes medially fused., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 303, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. aureus Olivier, 1887 (Figure 5 K) Differential diagnosis. Pronotum overall caramel, disc with variegate orangish spots., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 301, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

Cladodes Solier, 1849 (Figure 3 C – E) Cladodes can be distinguished from the other taxa at the Serra dos Órgãos by the following combination of characters: flabellate antenna; laterotergite strongly sclerotised and triangular; absence of lanterns on sterna VI and VII; and paramere without dorso-lateral projections. Clypeus may be medially or completely connate to frons, or connected to it by membrane. Interestingly, this genus has interspecific variation in the agonistic smell (i.e. delivered when disturbed): while some have a wooden, perfume-like smell (e.g. C. stellata Gorham 1880, Fig. 11), others have a ' wet dog ' -like smell (C. illigeri (Kirby 1818), Fig. 10). Note that this is entirely different from the well-known grass-like smell of most taxa such, as Ethra (see above), or the almond-like smell of Memoan (Silveira and Mermudes, 2013). Though the chemical basis for such differences is yet unknown, these differences can help sorting species in the field, which could be especially useful to discriminate among mimetic species. Females and immature stages unknown. Cladodes is currently under review, and its definition will substantially change soon (Bocakova et al. in prep.)., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 290, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064, {"references":["Silveira LFL, Mermudes JRM. 2013. Memoan ciceroi gen. et sp. nov., a remarkable new firefly genus and species from the Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa. 3640 (1): 79 - 87."]}

P. elliptica Olivier, 1886 (Figure 5 D) Differential diagnosis. Antennomere III as long as pedicel; median labral tooth as developed as lateral teeth. Epipleura wide. Pronotum yellow, elytron black. Remark: Although this species is commonly found active at dusk and early night, one female was found on one occasion feeding on a Lucidota sp. during daytime, shortly after noon., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 300, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

L. tricolor Gorham, 1880 (Figure 4 P) Differential diagnosis. Flabellar insertions narrow, basally inserted, perpendicular to antennomere main axis; sternum VI with a rounded lantern., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 295, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. femoralis Curtis, 1839 (Figure 5 E) Differential diagnosis. Antennomere III as long as pedicel; median labral tooth as developed as lateral teeth. Epipleura short. Pronotal disc yellow to orangish, lytral disc brown, pronotal and elytron margins pale-yellow. This species was recently reviewed by Souto et al. (2019)., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 300, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064, {"references":["Souto PM, Campello L, Khattar G, Mermudes JRM, Monteiro RFM, Silveira LFL. 2019. How to design a predatory firefly? Lessons from the Photurinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zool Anz. 278: 1 - 13."]}

C. besckei Olivier, 1895 (Figure 4 D) Differential diagnosis. Overall dark brown to black, with an elytral submarginal, pale yellow stripe, sometimes with pinkish vittae on pronotal disc, sometimes medially contiguous; abdominal spiracles ventral; posterior margin of the abdominal sternum VIII emarginate, not projected; overall dark-brown to black, except for the greyish pronotal margins, sometimes brighter, and a pale yellow ellipsoid submarginal elytron stripe. This species is redescribed elsewhere (Silveira et al. 2019)., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 292, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064, {"references":["Silveira LFL, Rosa SP, Vaz SNC, Mermudes JRM. 2019. Systematic review of the firefly genus Lucernuta Laporte, 1833 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), with nomenclatural acts and a lectotype designation for Cratomorphus besckei Olivier, 1895. Annales Zoologici. 69: 293 - 314."]}

P. sigillatus Olivier, 1907 (Figure 3 I) Differential diagnosis. Abdominal sterna VI without lanterns, and elytron wider at apical third., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 289, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. telephorinus Perty, 1830 (Figure 5 N) Differential diagnosis. Dorsal colour pattern variable, but generally overall dark-brown to brown, pronotal disc sometimes, with outer borders yellow, with paired orangish vittae, sometimes medially fused, elytron sometimes with longitudinal yellow stripes and/or a median transverse stripes. Elytra elliptical. Females with rounded lanterns on sterna VI and VII, the latter sometimes evanescent., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 302, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

E. addita Olivier, 1907 (Figure 3 N) Differential diagnosis. Overall black, except for pale yellow lateral thirds of the pronotum, two parasagittal orangish vittae, and a median yellowish stripe on the elytron; flabellum of antennomere III projecting medially; anterior margin of the pronotum rounded, mildly acute, lateral margins straight and as wide as humeral width., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 294, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. grandis Olivier, 1888 (Figure 3 H) Differential diagnosis. Abdominal sterna VI with paired circular lanterns, and elytron subparallel-sided., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 289, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. velox Olivier, 1886 (Figure 5 C) Differential diagnosis. Antennomere III as long as pedicel; median labral tooth as developed as lateral teeth. Epipleura wide. Pronotal and elytral discs dark-brown, pronotal and elytron margins pale-yellow., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 300, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. vestitus Olivier, 1905 (Figure 5 I) Differential diagnosis. Pronotal disc with variegate, pink to orangish spots, elytron testaceus., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 301, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

M. varicollis Olivier, 1907 (Figure 4 S) Differential diagnosis. Lateral margins of pronotum subparallel-sided, posterior corners acute; elytron subparallel-sided. Dorsal colour pattern: pronotum light-yellow, contour and a central stripe on the pronotal disc dark-brown, sometimes with pair of pink vittae. Elytra darkbrown, outer margins light-yellow, except for the dark-brown outline. Flash pattern is unknown., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 296, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

A. pallens Olivier, 1888 (Figure 4 C) Differential diagnosis. Elytron wider medially, along with the dorsal colour pattern: overall light-brown, except for the darker brown pronotal disc, sometimes with variegated orangish vittae., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 290, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. cf. lugubris Gorham, 1881 (Figure 5 F) Differential diagnosis. Antennomere III slightly longer than pedicel; median labral tooth rudimentary. Epipleura wide. Pronotum yellow, elytron black., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 301, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

C. cossyphinus (Perty, 1830) (Figure 4 E) Differential diagnosis. Overall testaceous, sometimes with pinkish vittae on pronotal disc; abdominal spiracles dorsal; sternum VIII with posterior margin projected at median third and truncate, pygidium strongly bisinuose, with posterior corners acute; overall light-brown, except for the brown pronotal disc, which sometimes feature a pair of irregularly shaped orangish vittae. This species was recently reviewed by our group (Campos et al. in 2018)., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 293, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

L. jameshooki Silveira, Khattar and Mermudes, 2016b (Figure 4 N) Differential diagnosis. Overall dark brown to black; sternum IX asymmetric, apices rounded; pygidium up to 3x longer than sternum VIII greatest length., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 295, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

L. desideratus Silveira, Souto and Mermudes, 2018 (Figure 4 L) Differential diagnosis. Overall brown; sternum IX symmetric, apices truncate; pygidium up to 2x longer than sternum VIII greatest length., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 295, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064, {"references":["Silveira LFL, Souto PM, Mermudes JRM. 2018. Four new species of Luciuranus fireflies from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa. 4413 (1): 173 - 186."]}

A. lineatum Gyllenhal, 1817 (Figure 4 B) Differential diagnosis. Elytron wider basally, then apically tapering, along with the dorsal colour pattern overall brown, except for the following, which are pale yellow: two anterolateral spots on the pronotum, the elytral outline and costae, a wide marginal stripe on elytron posterior half, and a humeral spot. Immature stages of A. lineatum have been described by Viviani et al. (2012)., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 290, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. moestus Germar, 1824 (Figure 5 G) Differential diagnosis. Overall dark-brown to black, pronotum sometimes with pink vittae, elytron with outer margins pale-yellow. Elytra subparallel-sided. Females with a rounded lantern on sternum VI., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 302, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

L. takiyae Silveira, Souto and Mermudes, 2018 (Figure 4 K) Differential diagnosis. Overall brown; sternum IX asymmetric, apices truncate; pygidium up to 3x longer than sternum VIII greatest length., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 295, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064, {"references":["Silveira LFL, Souto PM, Mermudes JRM. 2018. Four new species of Luciuranus fireflies from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa. 4413 (1): 173 - 186."]}

M. frater Olivier, 1905 (Figure 4 V) Differential diagnosis. Lateral margins of pronotum rounded, posterior corners obtuse; elytron elliptic. Dorsal colour pattern: overall brown, with an elytral longitudinal pale yellow stripe. The male flash pattern of this species has been recorded as a repeat of two very short, almost contiguous flashes (emitted within about one second). Female flash pattern is unknown., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 296, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

A. sticticum Gemminger, 1870 (Figure 4 A) Differential diagnosis. Elytron wider basally, then apically tapering, along with the dorsal colour pattern: overall yellow-mustard, except for the brown pronotal disc, and sometimes orangish longitudinal stripes, two posterolateral and an anterior median black vittae on the pronotum, and two marginal, irregularly shaped black vittae on the elytron., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 290, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

C. pauper Olivier, 1899 (Figure 3 C) Differential diagnosis. Small overall size (body length ~ 1 cm); overall black, with two longitudinal pale yellow lines over the elytra; antennal lamellae increasing up to antennal midlength, then decreasing; lamellae of antennomere VII longer than half antennal length; clypeus connected to frons by membrane; pygidium posterior corners rudimentary, rounded., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 291, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

B. albilatera Gyllenhal, 1817 (Figure 5 A) Differential diagnosis. Overall light brown, pronotum with outer margins pale-yellow, elytron with outer margin pale-yellow; clypeus without a median tooth; males with sternum VI and VII, and lanterns occupying the whole sterna., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 300, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

L. flabellicornis Fabricius, 1781 (Figure 4 O) Differential diagnosis. Flabellar insertions wide, parallel to antennomere main axis; sternum VI without lantern., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 294, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

Bicellonycha tenuicornis Olivier, 1886 (Figure 4 B) Differential diagnosis. Overall dark brown to black, pronotum with paired pale-yellow large vittae and two orangish, usually smaller (sometimes bigger or even medially fused) vittae, elytron with a pale-yellow to yellow longitudinal, oblong stripes, outline dark brown to black; clypeus with a median tooth; males with sternum VI and VII and lanterns almost reaching the borders of sterna., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 300, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

Lucidota Laporte, 1833 (Figure 4 O, P) Lucidota has a long-standing history of taxonomic issues and comprises very different species. The only unifying character in this genus is antenna length longer than half the body size. (McDermott 1964). Therefore, it is not possible to provide a rigorous diagnosis to Lucidota, as the determination of this genus is usually ' by elimination '. We recognised five species groups at the Serra dos Órgãos (discussed below) to help species sorting, even though these species groups probably do not represent natural groups. Several valid generic names are currently lumped under Lucidota, and many of the species currently listed under this genus will very likely be reclassified after a thorough phylogenetic analysis. Immature stages have been described for a single species, Lucidota atra, in the Nearctic region (Branham and Archangelsky, 2000). Sexual dimorphism is generally subtle, although it can be more pronounced in the antenna, which is longer in males. A total of 19 species have been collected at the Serra dos Órgãos. Two of them could be identified, and their diagnostic characteristics are given below. The other 17 are putative new species, and further studies are necessary to delineate the taxonomy of these species., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 294, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064, {"references":["McDermott FA. 1964. The taxonomy of the Lampyridae (Coleoptera). Trans Am Entomol Soc. 90: 1 - 72.","Branham MA, Archangelsky M. 2000. Description of the last larval instar and pupa of Lucidota atra (GA Olivier 1790) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), with a discussion of abdominal segment homology across life stages. Proc Entomol Soc Washington. 102 (4): 869 - 877."]}

P. augustalisi Pic, 1941 (Figure 4 U) Differential diagnosis. Antenna serrate; posterior corners of pronotum obtuse; sterna VI with a circular lantern, VII usually with a circular lantern, VIII with posterior margin with an acute median projection. Dorsal colour pattern: overall black, with a longitudinal pale yellow stripe on elytra., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 297, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. atrocinctus Pic, 1930 (Figure 5 P) Differential diagnosis. Pronotum with outer margins pale-yellow, sometimes externally black, disc pink to orangish., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 302, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

E. marginata Gray, 1832 (Figure 3 M) Differential diagnosis. Overall brown, except for two longitudinal pale yellow stripes along the outer margin of the elytron, extending to the suture; flabellum of antennomere III projecting; anterior margin of the pronotum acute, lateral margins straight and as wide as humeral width., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 293, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. nigrolineatus Pic, 1929 (Figure 5 M) Differential diagnosis. Dorsal colour pattern variable, but generally overall dark-brown to brown, pronotal disc sometimes with outer borders yellow, with paired orangish vittae, sometimes medially fused, elytron sometimes with longitudinal yellow stripes and/or a median transverse stripes. Elytra wider at apical third. Females with rounded lanterns on sterna VI and VII, the latter sometimes evanescent. Remarks: Although this species is commonly found active during daytime, one male was caught flying and flashing during night-time. Note that males have fully developed lanterns, which is rare in diurnal firefly species., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 302, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

C. distinctus Olivier, 1895 (Figure 4 G) Differential diagnosis. Overall brown to dark-brown, except for the yellow pronotal margins, and a pale yellow submarginal elytron stripe, which is sinuose and progressively wider apically; abdominal spiracles dorsal; posterior margin of sternum VIII medially projected, rounded, symmetrical; pygidium slightly bisinuose, median third slightly longer than posterior corners, which are obtuse., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 293, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

C. splendidus (Drury, 1782) (Figure 4 F) Differential diagnosis. Abdominal spiracles dorsal; sternum VIII asymmetric, with a parasagittal elongate projection; pygidium bisinuose, posterior corners acute; overall brown to dark-brown, except for the yellow pronotal margins, and a pale yellow submarginal elytron stripe, which is sinuose and progressively wider apically; abdominal spiracles dorsal; posterior margin of sternum VIII with an asymmetric narrow projection; pygidium with corners well-developed, acute, median third about 2x longer than posterior corners., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 293, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

Vesta Laporte, 1833 (Figure 3 F) Vesta can be distinguished from other taxa in the region by the combination of flabellate antenna; clypeus connate to frons; laterotergite coriaceus and subquadrate; lanterns absent from sterna VI and VII; and paramere with a dorsolateral projection. Sexual dimorphism is manifest mainly in the shape of the antenna, which has longer projections in males than in females. This genus has a rather uncommon biogeographic range, with some species in East and Southeast Asia and others in the Neotropics (McDermott 1966). Previous authors have pointed out that this may be an artefact of the currently poor definition of the genus (e.g. McDermott 1964). Jeng et al. (2007) provided a synopsis of Taiwanese species of Vesta that will be important for a detailed taxonomic treatment of this taxon. Currently, only one species is recognised in Brazil, Vesta thoracica Olivier (1790). Immature stages unknown., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 303, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064, {"references":["McDermott FA. 1966. Lampyridae. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Supplementa. 9: 1 - 149.","McDermott FA. 1964. The taxonomy of the Lampyridae (Coleoptera). Trans Am Entomol Soc. 90: 1 - 72."]}

P. lunifer Eschscholtz, 1822 (Figure 5 H) Differential diagnosis. Overall brown, pronotum sometimes with pink vittae, elytron with outer margins pale-yellow. Elytra subparallel-sided. Females with rounded lanterns on sterna VI and VII., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 302, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. laticollis Pic, 1941 (Figure 4 R) Differential diagnosis. Antenna filiform; posterior corners of pronotum obtuse; sterna VI and VII with lanterns fully developed; VIII with posterior margin straight. Colour pattern overall brown, pronotum with rudimentary paired vitreous spots on anterior explanations, explanations testaceous, elytral outer margins testaceous. Flash pattern unknown., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 297, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. nodieri Pic, 1840 (Figure 4 W) Differential diagnosis. Antenna filiform; lateral margins of pronotum rounded; sterna VI and VII without lanterns, VIII with posterior margin straight. Dorsal colour pattern: overall black, with a longitudinal pale yellow stripe on elytra., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 298, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. succensus Olivier, 1907 (Figure 4 T) Differential diagnosis. Antenna serrate; posterior corners of pronotum acute; sterna VI and VII with lanterns almost as long and wide as respective sterna; VIII with posterior margin with an acute median projection. Colour pattern overall orangish-brown dorsally, brown ventrally., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 297, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. angustatus Olivier, 1886 (Figure 5 L) Differential diagnosis. Pronotum with outer margins pale-yellow, disc with variegate caramel spots., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 301, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064

P. pulcher Olivier, 1885 (Figure 3 J) Differential diagnosis. Abdominal sterna VI with an entire transverse lantern, and elytron subparallel-sided., Published as part of Silveira, Luiz F L, Khattar, Gabriel, Vaz, Stephanie, Wilson, Vinicius A., Souto, Paula M., Mermudes, José R. M., Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F., Macedo, Margarete V. & Monteiro, Ricardo F., 2020, Natural history of the fireflies of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) - one of the ' hottest' firefly spots on Earth, with a key to genera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), pp. 275-308 in Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6) on page 289, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1749323, http://zenodo.org/record/5021064