1. [Untitled]
- Author
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Kim, Deok-Song, Kang, Mun-Il, Son, Kyu-Yeol, Bak, Geon-Yong, Park, Jun-Gyu, Hosmillo, Myra, Seo, Ja-Young, Kim, Ji-Yun, Alfajaro, Mia Madel, Soliman, Mahmoud, Baek, Yeong-Bin, Cho, Eun-Hyo, Lee, Ju-Hwan, Kwon, Joseph, Choi, Jong-Soon, Goodfellow, Ian, and Cho, Kyoung-Oh
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,chicks ,food.ingredient ,Swine ,Viral pathogenesis ,Picornaviridae ,piglets ,Biology ,Enteritis ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Sapelovirus A ,Viral entry ,Virology ,medicine ,Animals ,host range restriction ,Poultry Diseases ,Swine Diseases ,Picornaviridae Infections ,Virulence ,Animal ,pathogenesis ,medicine.disease ,Standard ,Reverse transcriptase ,3. Good health ,Sialic acid ,Intestines ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Positive-strand RNA Viruses ,Chickens ,Encephalitis ,Sapelovirus - Abstract
Sapelovirus A (SV-A), formerly known as porcine sapelovirus as a member of a new genus Sapelovirus, is known to cause enteritis, pneumonia, polioencephalomyelitis and reproductive disorders in pigs. We have recently identified α2,3-linked sialic acid on GD1a ganglioside as a functional SV-A receptor rich in the cells of pigs and chickens. However, the role of GD1a in viral pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that a Korean SV-A strain could induce diarrhoea and intestinal pathology in piglets but not in chicks. Moreover, this Korean SV-A strain had mild extra-intestinal tropisms appearing as mild, non-suppurative myelitis, encephalitis and pneumonia in piglets, but not in chicks. By real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR, higher viral RNA levels were detected in faecal samples than in sera or extra-intestinal organs from virus-inoculated piglets. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that high viral antigens were detected in the epithelial cells of intestines from virus-inoculated piglets but not from chicks. This Korean SV-A strain could bind the cultured cell lines originated from various species, but replication occurred only in cells of porcine origin. These data indicated that this Korean SV-A strain could replicate and induce pathology in piglets but not in chicks, suggesting that additional porcine-specific factors are required for virus entry and replication. In addition, this Korean SV-A strain is enteropathogenic, but could spread to the bloodstream from the gut and disseminate to extra-intestinal organs and tissues. These results will contribute to our understanding of SV-A pathogenesis so that efficient anti-sapelovirus drugs and vaccines could be developed in the future.