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Objectives To develop a facial growth prediction model incorporating individual skeletal and soft tissue characteristics. Materials and Methods Serial longitudinal lateral cephalograms were collected from 303 children (166 girls and 137 boys), who had never undergone orthodontic treatment. A growth prediction model was devised by applying the multivariate partial least squares (PLS) algorithm, with 161 predictor variables. Response variables comprised 78 lateral cephalogram landmarks. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate factors influencing growth prediction errors. Results Using the leave-one-out cross-validation method, a PLS model with 30 components was developed. Younger age at prediction resulted in greater prediction error (0.03 mm/y). Further, prediction error increased in proportion to the growth prediction interval (0.24 mm/y). Girls, subjects with Class II malocclusion, growth in the vertical direction, skeletal landmarks, and landmarks on the maxilla were associated with more accurate prediction results than boys, subjects with Class I or III malocclusion, growth in the anteroposterior direction, soft tissue landmarks, and landmarks on the mandible, respectively. Conclusions The prediction error of the prediction model was proportional to the remaining growth potential. PLS growth prediction seems to be a versatile approach that can incorporate large numbers of predictor variables to predict numerous landmarks for an individual subject.

연구목적: 이 연구는 중도중복장애학생을 위한 지역사회 모의수업의 효과적인 학습매체로써 360도 VR 영상 콘텐츠를 특수교육에 도입하기 위한 증거기반의 실제를 마련하기 위함이다. 연구방법: 경기도 지역 특수학교와 특수학급에서 특수교육 기본교육과정 초등학교 1~2학년 군에 해당하는 학년의 담임교사 3명과 각 학급별 8명의 학생이 실험에 참여하였다. 사후검사 통제집단설계(posttest-only control group design)를 적용하여 사회관련 수업시간에 지역사회참여기술 “안전하게 횡단보도 건너기”를 주제로 360도 VR 영상과 동일 내용의 일반 영상을 5차시에 걸쳐 비교 실험하였다. 연구결과: 360도 VR 영상의 효과성을 기존의 일반 영상과 비교하여, 학습목표 도달과 과제 집중 정도에서 유의미한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 결론: 360도 VR 영상은 기존의 영상보다 지역사회 모의수업에서 효과적인 학습매체로 특수교육 현장에 적극적으로 도입될 필요가 있다.

The impact of topological defects associated with grain boundaries (GB defects) on the electrical, optical, magnetic, mechanical and chemical properties of nanocrystalline materials1,2 is well known. However, elucidating this influence experimentally is difficult because grains typically exhibit a large range of sizes, shapes and random relative orientations3-5. Here we demonstrate that precise control of the heteroepitaxy of colloidal polyhedral nanocrystals enables ordered grain growth and can thereby produce material samples with uniform GB defects. We illustrate our approach with a multigrain nanocrystal comprising a Co3O4 nanocube core that carries a Mn3O4 shell on each facet. The individual shells are symmetry-related interconnected grains6, and the large geometric misfit between adjacent tetragonal Mn3O4 grains results in tilt boundaries at the sharp edges of the Co3O4 nanocube core that join via disclinations. We identify four design principles that govern the production of these highly ordered multigrain nanostructures. First, the shape of the substrate nanocrystal must guide the crystallographic orientation of the overgrowth phase7. Second, the size of the substrate must be smaller than the characteristic distance between the dislocations. Third, the incompatible symmetry between the overgrowth phase and the substrate increases the geometric misfit strain between the grains. Fourth, for GB formation under near-equilibrium conditions, the surface energy of the shell needs to be balanced by the increasing elastic energy through ligand passivation8-10. With these principles, we can produce a range of multigrain nanocrystals containing distinct GB defects.

著者人数: 20名, Accepted: 2016-10-13, 資料番号: SA1160163000

Accepted: 2015-08-27, 資料番号: SA1150214000

The Multipurpose InfraRed Imaging System (MIRIS) performed the MIRIS Pa�� Galactic Plane Survey (MIPAPS), which covers the entire Galactic plane within the latitude range of -3�� < b < +3�� at Pa�� (1.87 um). We present the first result of the MIPAPS data extracted from the longitude range of l = 96.5��-116.3��, and demonstrate the data quality and scientific potential of the data by comparing them with H�� maps obtained from the INT Photometric H�� Survey (IPHAS) data. We newly identify 90 H II region candidates in the WISE H II region catalog as definite H II regions by detecting the Pa�� and/or H�� recombination lines, out of which 53 H II regions are detected at Pa��. We also report the detection of additional 29 extended and 18 point-like sources at Pa��. We estimate the E(B-V) color excesses and the total Lyman continuum luminosities for H II regions by combining the MIPAPS Pa�� and IPHAS H�� fluxes. The E(B-V) values are found to be systematically lower than those estimated from point stars associated with H II regions. Utilizing the MIPAPS Pa�� and IPHAS H�� images, we obtain an E(B-V) map for the entire region of the H II region Sh2-131 with an angular size of ~2.5��. The E(B-V) map shows not only numerous high-extinction filamentary features but also negative E(B-V) regions, indicating H�� excess. The H�� excess and the systematic underestimation of E(B-V) are attributed to light scattered by dust., 14 pages, 9 figures, 8 tables; accepted for publication in ApJS

The practical use of nanoparticle superlattices (NPSLs) which are of great interest as materials with designed functionalities is often limited by their lack of structural stability under various utilization conditions. Here, we report a new method for directly synthesizing NPSL fully embedded in hierarchically porous silica which provides exceptional stability and efficient pathways for reactant molecules, making the NPSL highly efficient catalyst. The superlattices made of 12 nm gold nanoparticles exhibit exceptionally high catalytic activity for CO oxidation at low temperature, showing higher activity than that of small gold nanoparticles (ca. 3 nm) supported on metal oxides. The gold NPSL also shows unprecedented stability, maintaining its structural stability and catalytic activity without any signature of degradation over a month of continuous catalytic reaction, which present one significant step forward to realizing the great potentials of gold catalysts in automotive emission control and green chemistry industry., Comment: 1. There are disagreements among the authors about the publication schedule and authorship. 2. The authors acknowledged that there may be disagreements over the interpretation of EXAFS data

著者人数: 20名, Accepted: 2016-12-10, 資料番号: SA1160343000

© 2015 American Physical Society. We have studied the structure, magnetic, and transport properties of copper-substituted iron telluride. Our results extend the range of copper substitution to 60% substitution per formula unit, which is far beyond previously stated solubility limits. Substitution of copper into antiferromagnetic iron telluride is found to suppress the signatures of the low-temperature transitions in susceptibility and resistance measurements, giving rise to an insulating, spin-glass state. Upon increasing the copper substitution from 4% to 6%, short-range antiferromagnetic order appears followed by the combined magnetic and structural transition at a lower temperature, although the magnetic order is ultimately not resolution limited with a correlation length of 250 Å in the 6% Cu-substituted sample, in contrast to the magnetic order of the 4% copper-substituted sample, which is resolution limited. Upon warming the 6% Cu-substituted sample in the presence of a 5 T magnetic field oriented along the b axis, magnetic and structural phase transitions are observed at a temperature much lower than those of the magnetic and structural transitions which occur in zero field. Furthermore, these transitions are absent upon cooling in this field. We discuss the field results in the most general terms possible, including possible random field effects.

This paper proposes a novel method to realize an initiativeexchange for robot. A humanoid robot plays vibraphone exchanging initiative with a human performer by perceivingmultimodal cues in real time. It understands the initiative exchange cues through vision and audio information.In order to achieve the natural initiative exchange betweena human and a robot in musical performance, we built thesystem and the software architecture and carried out the experiments for fundamental algorithms which are necessaryto the initiative exchange.

We present results of numerical investigation of a microscopic dynamics of a two-level atom embedded into a ``linear crystal'' of other two-level atoms. These additional atoms play a role of a material media. All atoms interact with a multimode cavity field. We study how the decay of the initially excited atom is affected by the presence of material media and spectral properties of the cavity field., Comment: 13 pages, revtex, 10 figures

A middle ear implant transducer of a hearing aid includes: first and second permanent magnets arranged such that the same poles of the first and second permanent magnets face each other; first and second vibrating members attached to both edges of the respective first and second permanent magnets; a coil enclosing the first and second permanent magnets and being separated a predetermined distance from the outer surfaces of the first and second permanent magnets between the first vibrating member and the second vibrating member; and first and second covers mounted on the outer surfaces of the first and second vibrating members, wherein the first and second vibrating members comprise couplers respectively attached to the first and second permanent magnets, rims respectively attached to the edges of the first and second covers, and support films respectively connecting the couplers to the rims and being thinner than the couplers and the rims.

Heteropoly acids (HPAs) are unique materials with interesting properties, including high acidity and proton conductivity. However, their low specific surface area and high solubility in polar solvents make them unattractive for catalytic or energy applications. This obstacle can be overcome by creating nanoporosity within the HPA. We synthesized mesoporous phosphotungstic acid (mPTA) with a spherical morphology through the self‐assembly of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) with a polymeric surfactant as stabilized by KCl and hydrothermal treatment. The mPTA nanostructures had a surface area of 93 m2 g−1 and a pore size of 4 nm. Their high thermal stability (ca. 450 °C) and lack of solubility in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (EC/DEC) electrolyte are beneficial for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Optimized mPTA showed a reversible capacity of 872 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 even after 100 cycles for LIBs, as attributed to a super‐reduced state of HPA and the storage of Li ions within the mesochannels of mPTA. Refereed/Peer-reviewed