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Objective To investigate longitudinal changes in language function in left-hemispheric ischemic stroke patients as well as factors that influence language recovery until 1 year after stroke onset. Methods We analyzed data from 235 patients with first-ever left-hemispheric ischemic stroke. All patients completed the Korean version of the Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (K-FAST) at 7 days (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3), and 1 year (T4) after stroke onset. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate changes in language function between time points. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the K-FAST scores at T1. Stroke lesion volume was assessed using diffusion tensor images, and involvement of language-related brain regions was examined. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze factors influencing improvement of K-FAST score. Results The K-FAST scores at T1, T2, T3, and T4 differed significantly (p

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the effects of Crossfit training method on physical fitness in 30’s men. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: AMRAP(as many repetition as possible)group(n=50), TA(time attack)group(n=50). Measurement variables were physical fitness muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, power. The two - way ANOVA was conducted to analyze the differences and interactions between group and time. In the case of interaction effect, Duncon test was conducted to Post hoc. All significance levels were verified at .05. The results were as follows; There were no significant statistically difference in the change of muscular strength, flexibility and power. but AMRAP group and TA group showed some differences in the amount of muscular strength according to the measurement time. and there were no significant effect of interaction between group and measurement time for muscular endurance, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance and power. Consequently, it showed that 8 weeks Crossfit training method made a similar effect on body composition and physical fitness in 30’s men.

Background The diagnosis of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a pragmatic decision based on the degree of hypoxia at the time of onset. We aimed to determine whether reclassification using oxygenation metrics 24 hours after diagnosis could provide prognostic ability for outcomes in PARDS. Methods Two hundred and eighty-eight pediatric patients admitted between January 1, 2010 and January 30, 2017, who met the inclusion criteria for PARDS were retrospectively analyzed. Reclassification based on data measured 24 hours after diagnosis was compared with the initial classification, and changes in pressure parameters and oxygenation were investigated for their prognostic value with respect to mortality. Results PARDS severity varied widely in the first 24 hours; 52.4% of patients showed an improvement, 35.4% showed no change, and 12.2% either showed progression of PARDS or died. Multivariate analysis revealed that mortality risk significantly increased for the severe group, based on classification using metrics collected 24 hours after diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio, 26.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.43 to 209.89; P=0.002). Compared to changes in pressure variables (peak inspiratory pressure and driving pressure), changes in oxygenation (arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen) over the first 24 hours showed statistically better discriminative power for mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.701; 95% CI, 0.636 to 0.766; P

Additional file 1: Table S1. Association between Blood Lead Concentration and Clinical Characteristics in the ADHD Group in the Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis.

본 연구는 체육학과 전공 수업에 맞는 팀기반학습을 설계하고 적용하여 학습자의 자기주도학습 능력, 학습태도 및 학습만족도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 충청남도에 소재한 S대학교 체육학과 3학년 재학생 총 52명의 학생을 대상으로 팀기반학습 프로그램을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 팀기반학습 적용 후 체육학과 학생들의 자기주도학습 능력은 수업 전보다 증가하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 단, 자기주도학습의 하위요소인 학습결과평가 요인에서는 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 보였다. 둘째, 팀기반학습 적용 후 체육학과 학생들의 학습태도는 수업 전보다 수업 후에 유의한 증가를 보였다. 셋째, 팀기반학습 적용 후 체육학과 학생들의 학습만족도는 수업 전보다 수업 후에 향상되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 스포츠 교육현장에서 요구되는 실무중심의 팀기반학습은 예비 스포츠지도자의 자기주도학습 능력과 학습태도 향상에 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 학습자 중심의 팀기반학습은 전통적인 교수자 중심의 교육과는 달리 학생들의 학업능력향상에 유용한 교수학습 전략임을 확인할 수 있었다.

Endotracheal tube (ETT) suction is frequently required to remove a mucosal plug or clots to prevent airway obstruction. We encountered a case of a suction catheter that was stuck in an ETT and split by forcible pulling. The patient was intubated with a 6.5 mm oral-preformed ETT. At the end of surgery, a 12-French suction catheter became lodged in the ETT. The catheter was pulled forcibly, and it split into two parts. Normal saline was injected into the ETT for lubrication and, using forceps, the catheter was pulled in small increments and successfully removed. To prevent this complication, physicians should carefully select the appropriate catheter size, and the catheter should be lubricated. If a suction catheter becomes stuck in an ETT, instillation of normal saline and use of forceps may facilitate removal.

The orphan nuclear receptor ESSRA (estrogen related receptor, alpha) is a key regulator of energy homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Macroautophagy/autophagy, an intracellular degradation process, is a critical innate effector against intracellular microbes. Here, we demonstrate that ESRRA is required for the activation of autophagy to promote innate antimicrobial defense against mycobacterial infection. AMP-activated protein kinase pathway and SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) activation led to induction of ESRRA, which is essential for autophagosome formation, in bone marrow-derived macrophages. ESRRA enhanced the transcriptional activation of numerous autophagy-related (Atg) genes containing ERR response elements in their promoter regions. Furthermore, ESRRA, operating in a feed-forward loop with SIRT1, was required for autophagy activation through deacetylation of ATG5, BECN1, and ATG7. Importantly, ESRRA deficiency resulted in a decrease of phagosomal maturation and antimicrobial responses against mycobacterial infection. Thus, we identify ESRRA as a critical activator of autophagy via both transcriptional and post-translational control to promote antimicrobial host responses.

Objective To determine the abnormal pulmonary function value in Korean Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, we performed a comparative analysis of the patients' pulmonary function value expressed as % of the overseas reference data and Korean healthy children and adolescent reference data. Methods We performed pulmonary function test (PFT) in a total of 27 DMD patients. We compared the patients' FVC% and FEV1% of the overseas reference data with those of the Korean children and adolescent reference data. Also, we compared the patients' MIP% and MEP% of the prediction equation data with those of the Korean children and adolescent reference data. Results Age of the subjects ranged from 8 to 16 years (12.03±2.27 years). The mean maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak cough flow (PCF) were 36.93±9.5 cmH2O, 45.79±17.46 cmH2O, 1.4±0.43 L, 1.45±0.45 L, 1.40±0.41 L, and 206.25±61.21 L/min, respectively. The MIP%, MEP%, and FVC% of the Korean children and adolescent reference data showed statistically significant higher values than those of the prediction equation data. Conclusion We observed a clear numeric difference between Korean DMD patients' pulmonary function value expressed as % of the overseas data and inland data. To perform a precise assessment of respiratory function and to determine appropriate respiratory therapy, pulmonary function values of Korean DMD patients should be interpreted taking into account the inland normal pulmonary function test data.