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Supplementary Material 1

최소 침습 수술(minimally invasive surgery, MIS)에서 수술 도구의 유연성과 조작 용이성은 매우 중요한 요소이다. 유연 수술 로봇은 유연한 동작이 가능하고 조작이 용이하여 기존 복강경 수술로봇 대비 향상된 수술결과를 기대할 수 있어 기존 수술로봇의 한계를 극복할 수 있는 진보된 수술로봇으로 주목을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 메소-스케일(meso-scale)의 최신 유연 수술 로봇을 소개하고, 유연 수술 로봇의 디자인 및 한계점을 분석하고자 한다. 연 조직(soft tissue)을 대상으로 개발된 다양한 최신의 유연수술 로봇들을 소개하고 유연 수술 로봇의 한계점을 극복하기 위한 영상 유도 기법, 관절의 강성 조절기법, 로봇의 재질 등에 대한 최신의 연구동향을 살펴본다. 현재 유연 수술 로봇의 기술적 한계점을 분석하고 향후 연구개발 방향을 제시한다.

Fibrin clots of blood vessels are one of the serious factor caused cardiovascular disease. The development of a antithrombotic and thrombolysis solvent is necessary to prevent and treat these diseases. It has been reported that a strong fibrin-specific fibrinolytic enzyme was produced from a Korean fermented soybean paste similar to Japanese miso. We have been screened the known or novel fibrinolytic enzymes by activity-based and sequence-based screening from soil DNA metagenome library containing all kinds of environmental genomic DNA. The activity-based screening was determined the protease activity on 0.5% skim milk. For sequence-based screening, we designed a set of primer expanding gene sequence of fibrinolytic enzyme, performed PCR and selected clones showing the expected size of amplicons from metagenome library. Transformation of the gene encoding fibrinolytic enzyme was carried out with commercial vectors and their transformants were selected. Finally, we found 15 positive clones from metagenome library. Then each of sequences were analyzed and identified as similar or known the clones of nattokinase. We are going to perform full sequence of each clones, ligate with expression vector, transform into competent cells and then determine activity of expressed enzymes.

Ginseng was fermented by Aspergillus oryzae to search metabolites on the basis of increased biological activity and modified structure. From this research, two biotransformed compounds (WC2-2-1 and WC2-2-2) were detected and isolated through several chromatographic techniques. WC2-2-2 was confirmed to biologically active compound K by TLC, HPLC, and mass spectroscopy, while WC2-2-1 was going to be identified until now. In biological activity, both WG2-2-1 and WG2-2-2 exhibit the cytotoxicity on PC-3 cells, but WG2-2-2 was more active than WG2-2-1. It is supposed that WG2-2-1 is an intermediate metabolite transforming to final WG2-2-2, compound K.

Although valuable microbes have been isolated from the soil for the various productions of useful components, the microbes which can be cultivated in the laboratory are only of all microbes. To solve this problem, the study has recently been tried for making the valuable components from the environment by directly separating unculturable micrbial DNA in the soil. But it is known that humic acid originated from the soil interrupts various restriction enzymes and molecular biological process. Thus, in order to prevent these problems, this study modified the method separated soil DNA with phenol, CTAB and PEG. In order to compare the degree of purity for each DNA and the molecular biological application process, ratio, restriction enzymes, and PCR were performed. In case of DNA by the modified method, total yield of DNA was lower but ratio was higher than the previously reported methods. It was confirmed that the degree of purity is improved by the modified method. But it was not cut off by all kinds of tested restriction enzymes because of the operation of a very small amount of interrupting substances. When PCR was operated with each diluted DNA in different concentrations and GAPDH primer, the DNA by the modified method could be processed for PCR in the concentration of 100 times higher than by the previously reported separation method. Therefore, this experiment can find out the possibility of utilization for the unknown substances by effectively removing the harmful materials including humic acid and help establishing metagenomic DNA library from the soil DNA having the high degree of purity.

In this study, we investigated the mechanism of cell death in rhabdovirus-infected cells, chinook salmon embryonic cell line (CHSE-2l4) infected with hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV). Studies using light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, TUNEL method, electron microscopy, and agarose gel electrophoresis revealed changes in the cell morphology and DNA fragmentation indicative of apoptosis in early infection. It was observed that HIRRV induced apoptosis as well as necrosis in infected cells.