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Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Genome editing drugs and off-target prediction methods used in IND studies. Fig. S2. Optimization of Extru-seq conditions. Fig. S3. Extru-seq WGS data analyzed using IGV to reveal cleavage patterns. Fig. S4. Genome-wide off-target loci containing zero to six mismatches relative to the target. Fig. S5. Part of the GUIDE-seq results obtained from HEK293T cells. Fig. S6. Manhattan plot of Digenome-seq results obtained from HEK293T cells. Fig. S7. Manhattan plot of Extru-seq results obtained from HEK293T cells. Fig. S8. Box and whisker plots showing results from different off-target prediction methods for promiscuous sgRNAs targeting PSK9 and Albumin. Fig. S9. Indel ratios calculated following analysis of genomic DNA obtained from organs from C57BL/6 mice injected with two AAV8 vectors, respectively expressing Cas9 and sgRNA targeting either PCSK9 or Albumin. Fig. S10. Validation results from targeted deep sequencing of the top 10 predicted off-target sites. Fig. S11. GUIDE-seq results obtained from HeLa cells. Fig. S12. Manhattan plot of Extru-seq results obtained from HeLa cells. Fig. S13. Validation results from targeted deep sequencing of the top 10 predicted off-target sites. Fig. S14. Number of samples found in the intersections of Venn diagrams showing the overlap between off-target sites predicted by different methods. Fig. S15. Off-target sites, predicted by Extru-seq or GUIDE-seq and validated by deep sequencing. Fig. S16. Venn diagrams showing the number of predicted off-target sites. Fig. S17. The top 10 potential off-target loci predicted by Extru-seq for MSCs and HEK293T cells. Fig. S18. p-values obtained by the normalized rank sum test for each pair of off-target prediction methods [42–45].

Additional file 6. Review history.

Additional file 4: Table S3. Manually excluded false positive off-target sites from Digenome-seq and Extru-seq WGS data visualized using IGV.

Additional file 3: Table S2. Manually validated off-target sites from Extru-seq WGS data visualized using IGV.

This paper attempts to reconstruct the ethics of human response-ability as a theological reflection on the current climate catastrophe, seeing humans as moral actors or a moral actor network. In the meantime, I will argue the relationality and interdependence of matter and discourse, nature and society, and humans and non-humans through crosstalk between ecofeminist theologies and new materialism. In doing so, I reinterpret the human subject as a potential for liberation from modern human exceptionalism, acknowledging the subversive power of the concept of the subject.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the magnitude of and the factors associated with the downward mobility of firstepisode psychiatric patients. Methods: This study used the claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The study population included 19 293 first-episode psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision [ICD-10] code F10), schizophrenia and related disorders (ICD-10 codes F20-F29), and mood disorders (ICD-10 codes F30-F33) in the first half of 2005. This study included only National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005. The dependent variable was the oc currence of downward mobility, which was defined as a health insurance status change from National Health Insurance to Medical Aid. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with downward drift of first-episode psychiatric patients. Results: About 10% of the study population who were National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005 became Medical Aid recipients in 2007. The logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, primary diagnosis, type of hospital at first admission, regular use of outpatient clinic, and long-term hospitalization are significant predictors in determining downward drift in newly diagnosed psychi atric patients. Conclusions: This research showed that the downward mobility of psychiatric patients is affected by long-term hospitalization and medical care utilization. The findings suggest that early intensive intervention might reduce long-term hospitalization and the down ward mobility of psychiatric patients.

Firstly in this paper we propose a new criterion function for evaluation of the reductive property about the fuzzy reasoning result for fuzzy modus ponens and fuzzy modus tollens. Secondly unlike fuzzy reasoning methods based on the similarity measure, we propose a new fuzzy reasoning method based on distance measure. Thirdly the reductive property for 5 fuzzy reasoning methods are checked with respect to fuzzy modus ponens and fuzzy modus tollens. Through the experiment, we show that proposed method is better than the previous methods in accordance with human thinking.

The main aim of this paper is to prove a Bishop-Phelps-Bollob��s type theorem on the unital uniform algebra A_{w^*u}(B_{X^*}) consisting of all w^*-uniformly continuous functions on the closed unit ball B_{X^*} which are holomorphic on the interior of B_{X^*}. We show that this result holds for A_{w^*u}(B_{X^*}) if X^* is uniformly convex or X^* is the uniformly complex convex dual space of an order continuous absolute normed space. The vector-valued case is also studied.

Modern feminist theology has its roots in the Women’s Liberation Movement of the 1960’s. While the term “women’s liberation” may now be reevaluated, it still seems to be valid as a fundamental imperative for feminist politics. But there are some problems with this kind of expression. If one defines feminist theology in terms of women’s liberation, it is easy to identify all women with victims. Moreover, the term of women’s liberation erased the meaning of difference by presupposing the possibility of becoming a voluntary being based on autonomous and independent. One of the strengths of recent feminist theology is that it suggests a way of thinking differences differently. In spite of good multicultural intentions, productive dialogues across differences and a genuine collegiality among feminist theologians of various backgrounds and contexts, feminist theologians nonetheless attend inadequately to differences. Therefore, feminist theologies focused on differences can pluralize, destabilize, and dismantle any attempt to absolutize dimensions of specificity or particularity in reality. We need to understand such differences and tensions not as fixed positions but as creative possibilities for solidarity and dialogue. In my paper, I will critically examine the notion of ‘difference’, focusing on the ‘subject’ controversy between essentialism and poststructuralism in feminist theory and theology in relation to the concept of “women.” I will mainly deal with the problem of ‘difference’ from the Derridean perspective, promoting a connection of difference, politics of difference, and other discourses including postcolonialism.

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012

The kinetic effect of the phase inversion process on the membrane morphology is explored, with emphasis on the diffusion coefficient of the nonsolvent as a measure of the solvent/nonsolvent exchange rate. The diffusion coefficient is closely related to the nonsolvent tolerance of the polymer solution, which was estimated from a pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the following system: polymer: polysulfone; solvent system: a mixture of the solvent 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and a solvent additive (formic acid, water or ethanol); and nonsolvent: ethanol. Regardless of the kind of solvent additive employed, when the diffusion coefficient of the nonsolvent is high for a given gelation medium, then the membrane consists of a smooth, defect-free surface and macrovoid-free cross section, and is highly permeable to oxygen. However, using a polymer solution with a low diffusion coefficient results in a membrane of a rather defective morphology. Therefore, it is concluded that the diffusion coefficient of the nonsolvent is a crucial parameter in controlling membrane morphology.

Pervaporation of water-ethanol mixtures was performed with crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes. In order to enhance the permselectivity of water through the crosslinked membrane, the surface of the crosslinked PVA membrane was hydrophilically modified by reacting with monochloroacetic acid. The crosslinked and surface-modified membrane exhibited a permselectivity for water enhanced by a factor of nearly 2 compared to that for the only crosslinked membrane, while maintaining the total flux at least unchanged. Thus, it was found that the surface modification technique is a useful means to enhance the permselectivity of water in water-ethanol pervaporation. From the “up” and “down” experimental results, it was concluded that both the preferential sorption at the liquid-membrane interface and the permeability difference at the nearly dry layer of the permeate side of membrane play an important role in determining the permselectivity.

Silicon dioxide thin films were deposited on p-type Si (100) substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD) method using alternating exposures of and at . was generated by corona discharge inside the delivery line of . The oxide film was deposited mainly from not from , because the deposited film was not observed without corona discharge under the same process conditions. The growth rate of the deposited films increased linearly with increasing the exposures of and simultaneously, and was saturated at approximately 0.35 nm/cycle with the reactant exposures over $3.6 10^{9}$ /L. At a fixed exposure of $1.2 10^{9}$L, growth rate increased with exposure and was saturated at approximately 0.28 nm/cycle with exposures over$ 2.4 10^{9}$ L. The composition of the deposited film also varied with the exposure of . The [O]/[Si] ratio gradually increased up to 2 with increasing the exposure of . Finally, the characteristics of ALD films were compared with those of the silicon oxide films deposited by conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. The silicon oxide film prepared by ALD at showed better stoichiometry and wet etch rate than those of the silicon oxide films deposited by low-pressure CVD (LPCVD) and atmospheric-pressure CVD (APCVD) at the deposition temperatures ranging from 400 to .