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Hipposideros kunzi sp. nov. Murray, Khan, Kingston, Akbar, and Campbell Kunz’s bicolored leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros bicolor (Temminck, 1834), part. Hipposideros atrox (Andersen, 1918), part. Hipposideros bicolor atrox (Kitchener et al., 1996), part. Hipposideros bicolor- 142 (Kingston et al., 2001) Hipposideros atrox (Douangboupha et al., 2010) Etymology The species is named after Thomas H. Kunz in recognition of his many contributions to the ecology and conservation of bats, and his dedication to the promotion of bat research in Malaysia. Holotype Texas Tech University TTU 108222 (tissue and karyotype TK 152065; field number VJS 155), adult ♂, body in alcohol, skull extracted, collected and photographed by Robert J. Baker on 6 August 2006 during TTU-UNIMAS Sowell Expedition (Khan et al., 2008). Although the echolocation calls were not recorded for the holotype and the paratypes described here, all of the type specimens had mtDNA haplotypes consistent with the 142 kHz phonic group. This was further supported through comparisons of the noseleaf morphology with that of individuals for which the echolocation call frequency was known. Measurements (in mm) — forearm length: 43.31; fifth, fourth, and third metacarpals lengths, respectively: 32.20, 33.87, 32.88. Length of first and second phalanges of third digits, respectively: 17.47, 16.46; tail length: 25.0; hind-foot length: 7.0; tibia length: 19.70; ear height: 17; body mass: 6.5 g; anterior noseleaf width: 4.66. Skull measurements are provided in Table 3. Type locality Bukit Rengit, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia (WGS 84 03°35’45.6”N, 102°10’ 59.0”E — approximate elevation 72 m). The specimen was collected using a harp trap set across a trail near the Institute of Biological Diversity at Bukit Rengit. Paratypes Texas Tech University TTU 108417 (tissue and karyotype number TK 152001), adult ♂ (4 August 2006), dry skin and skull with slight crack in brain case; TTU 108209 (tissue number TK 152051), adult ♀ (6 August 2006), dry skin (housed at the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, but missing) and skull (housed at the Texas Tech University). Both TTU 108417 and TTU 108209 were captured in Krau Wildlife Reserve (03°35’45.6”N, 102°10’59.0”E — elevation 72 m). Specimen TK 152992, adult ♀ (17 May 2008), dry skin and skull in Department of Wildlife and National Park (DWNP), Malaysia; specimen TK 153519, adult ♀ (20 May 2008), alcohol preserved specimen at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. Both TK152992 and 153519 were collected by FAAK during DWNP biodiversity inventory at Kuala Atok, Pahang, peninsular Malaysia (04°16.281’N 102°22.316’E — approximate elevation 85 m). Taxonomic notes All specimens previously referred to H. atrox (Douangboubpha et al., 2010) and H. bicolor -142 are here referred to H. kunzi sp. nov. Based on length of forearm, Hill (1963) likely included both H. bicolor and H. kunzi as H. bicolor atrox, although the majority of these individuals are probably H. kunzi based on length of forearm (p. 29, Fig. 4). We cautiously assign the individuals of H. bicolor atrox from both Hill et al. (1986) and Zubaid and Davison (1987) to H. kunzi. It is unclear where the bats were collected, but it is suggested they were captured in Northern peninsular Malaysia, which would suggest that they are indeed H. kunzi. In his description of the new species Hipposideros gentilis, Andersen (1918) described the new subspecies H. g. atrox as having a wide range of forearm lengths that span both H. bicolor and H. kunzi: 42–46.2 mm (Andersen, 1918: 380). Thus he likely measured both individuals of H. bicolor and H. kunzi for the subspecies description. Description This is a small to medium-sized hipposiderid bat in the H. bicolor group with a forearm length ranging from 38.8 to 45.6 mm (mean = 42.9 mm ± 0.9), tibia length of 17.1 to 20.6 mm (mean = 18.8 mm ± 0.5), and mass varying from 6.0 to 12.0 g (mean = 8.5 g ± 0.9 — Table 2). The dorsal pelage varies from medium or dark brown to bright orange, but is always bicolored with a white base. The ventral pelage ranges from buff or golden, to bright orange (Fig. 9). The wing and tail membranes are dark brown, as are the ears. The ears are large (mean = 17.6 mm ± 0.6) and rounded with a bluntly pointed tip. The noseleaf lacks supplementary lateral leaflets and has an internarial septum that is generally triangular in shape (wider at the base — Fig. 9). The posterior and anterior portions of the nose are dark brown-grey in color, while the central part of the noseleaf is more flesh colored. The tail is long (mean = 28.7 mm ± 1.8), extending the full length of the uropatagium. The fifth metacarpal is about 74% of forearm length and the first phalanx of the third digit is about 53% of third metacarpal. Echolocation call frequency of the CF component ranges from 133.2 to 147.5 kHz, with a mean call frequency of 143.1 ± 2.0 kHz (Fig. 5 and Table 2). Hipposideros kunzi has a small and elongate skull with the greatest length of skull (GSL) ranging from 17.69 to 19.13 mm (mean = 18.31 ± 0.33 mm). The skull is slightly wider across the zygomata (mean = 9.2 ± 0.2 mm) compared to across the mastoids (mean = 9.2 ± 0.2 mm — Table 3). The distal process of the jugal bone is low and not well defined (Fig. 6). The rostrum is well developed with six nasal inflations. The sagittal crest is well developed and is taller more anteriorly. The constriction behind the orbits is well defined and narrower than the rostrum. The upper toothrow is shorter (CM 3 mean = 6.3 ± 0.1 mm) than the lower (CM 3 mean = 6.8 ± 0.1 mm). The upper incisor is small and both the upper and lower canines are of moderate size. The upper premolar (P 2) is minute and extruded from the toothrow, while the lower premolar (P 2) is about half the height of the second premolar (P 4). The species is sexually dimorphic with respect to magnitude of certain skull measurements: despite being smaller than females, males have longer and taller skulls and longer canines. Comparisons with similar species Hipposideros kunzi is one of several Hipposideros species described from the Indo-Malayan region, which superficially resemble H. bicolor and lack supplementary leaflets adjacent to the noseleaf. In peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand, H. kunzi most closely resembles, and is easily confused with, both H. bicolor and H. pomona. Compared to H. bicolor, H. kunzi has a higher echolocation call frequency (Table 2), is generally smaller in body size (Table 2), and has a shorter but wider skull (Table 3 and Fig. 9). In addition, H. kunzi has a narrower anterior noseleaf (Holotype: 4.66 mm) that is slightly curved upwards compared to H. bicolor, which has a wider anterior noseleaf (4.94−5.46 mm, n = 5) that is flattened and square in appearance (Kingston et al., 2006), lighter in color, and has rudimentary supplementary lateral leaflets (Fig. 9). The noseleaf characters, however, are only useful if both species are available for comparison in the field. Based on appearance (Murray et al., 2012: figure S1), echolocation call frequency (H. pomona: 136.4 –139.4 kHz, n = 3), overall size (H. pomona length of forearm: 42.7–44.8 mm, n = 3), and skull size and shape (Fig. 7), it is very difficult to distinguish H. kunzi from H. pomona. The main morphological difference between these species is ear height, with H. pomona having a much larger ear compared to H. kunzi: 20.0– 21.5 mm (n = 3) versus 15.0– 19.5 mm (mean = 17.6 mm — Table 2), respectively. Hipposideros pomona and H. kunzi, however, are not closely related based on both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Murray et al., 2012; this study). Despite being sister taxa (Fig. 2), having similar appearance, and overlapping in echolocation call frequencies (Kingston et al., 2000), individuals of H. kunzi and H. cineraceus -B are easily distinguished using body size (H. kunzi being larger; Table 2) and nose morphology: H. cineraceus -B has a small swelling in its internarial septum (Fig. 9). Reproduction In both 2003 and 2004 in peninsular Malaysia, palpably pregnant females were captured in February and March, and lactating individuals were captured from April through September. Similarly, Nurul-Ain et al. (2017) found females from Krau Wildlife Reserve and Samad Cave (ca. 10 Km from Krau) to be seasonally monestrous, with a peak in pregnancy in March, and lactation in June, although lactating females were captured from April through October. Distribution, ecological notes, and conservation status Currently, H. kunzi has only been documented on the Malay Peninsula, between 3°12’N in peninsular Malaysia (Fig. 1, site 12) and the Isthmus of Kra at 10°41’N in Southern Thailand (this study; Douangboubpha et al., 2010). Despite extensive sampling, Douangboubpha and colleagues did not capture H. kunzi in Central or Northern Thailand, suggesting that the northern limit of this species’ range is restricted to the Sundaic biogeographical region, as delimited by the Isthmus of Kra (Douangboubpha et al., 2010). While we did not sample bats in the southern tip of peninsular Malaysia, we expect that H. kunzi should occur throughout the peninsula where suitable habitat exists. Lim et al. (2014) reported a positive correlation between the abundance of H. kunzi (as H. bicolor -142) and latitude across 15 forest sites in peninsular Malaysia, with few or no captures at sites in the southern third of the Peninsula (which may be attributable to the lack of karst). In Singapore, H. bicolor (= H. kunzi) is considered locally extinct due to habitat loss (Pottie et al., 2005). Douangboubpha et al. (2010) included Sumatra in the distribution of H. atrox (= H. kunzi), but because of the high level of cryptic diversity within this group it is impossible to determine whether individuals from Sumatra are conspecific with H. kunzi without genetic data. Based on limited sampling in Borneo (Fig. 1), there is currently no evidence that H. kunzi occurs in Borneo. In peninsular Malaysia, individuals of H. kunzi were captured at all sampling sites (Fig. 1) and were relatively common and widespread in karst regions, but were also common in some non-karst areas (e.g., Krau Wildlife Reserve). Colonies ranged in size from a few individuals to several hundred and were found in caves, mines, and rock crevices. Colonies of H. kunzi were almost always found in caves housing other bat species; these included H. cervinus, H. larvatus, H. armiger, Rhinolophus malayanus, R. stheno, Myotis siligorensis, M. ater, Miniopterus medius, and Taphozous melanopogon. Based on captures and wing morphology, H. kunzi is believed to forage in forested habitats; Douangboupha et al. (2010) suggested that H. kunzi forages in diverse forest types and may be somewhat tolerant of anthropogenically modified landscapes that retain vegetative structure (e.g., secondary forest, rubber and orchard plantations). Given the species’ distribution across the Malay peninsula into Southern Thailand, widespread occurrence and local abundance, we currently recommend H. kunzi be evaluated as a species of Least Concern, following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria v. 3.1 (IUCN, 2012). Loss and disturbance of caves and foraging habitats would support a higher category of risk. We and others have noted the high levels of cryptic diversity in Hipposideros (e.g., Esselstyn et al., 2012; Murray et al., 2012; Foley et al., 2017). We hope that our taxonomic delineation of a new member of the bicolor species group, H. kunzi, will motivate further efforts to resolve the taxonomy of remaining cryptic lineages. Such efforts are essential to the conservation of the remarkable diversity that exists within this already speciose genus.

Hipposideros kunzi sp. nov. Murray, Khan, Kingston, Akbar, and Campbell Kunz’s bicolored leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros bicolor (Temminck, 1834), part. Hipposideros atrox (Andersen, 1918), part. Hipposideros bicolor atrox (Kitchener et al., 1996), part. Hipposideros bicolor- 142 (Kingston et al., 2001) Hipposideros atrox (Douangboupha et al., 2010) Etymology The species is named after Thomas H. Kunz in recognition of his many contributions to the ecology and conservation of bats, and his dedication to the promotion of bat research in Malaysia. Holotype Texas Tech University TTU 108222 (tissue and karyotype TK 152065; field number VJS 155), adult ♂, body in alcohol, skull extracted, collected and photographed by Robert J. Baker on 6 August 2006 during TTU-UNIMAS Sowell Expedition (Khan et al., 2008). Although the echolocation calls were not recorded for the holotype and the paratypes described here, all of the type specimens had mtDNA haplotypes consistent with the 142 kHz phonic group. This was further supported through comparisons of the noseleaf morphology with that of individuals for which the echolocation call frequency was known. Measurements (in mm) — forearm length: 43.31; fifth, fourth, and third metacarpals lengths, respectively: 32.20, 33.87, 32.88. Length of first and second phalanges of third digits, respectively: 17.47, 16.46; tail length: 25.0; hind-foot length: 7.0; tibia length: 19.70; ear height: 17; body mass: 6.5 g; anterior noseleaf width: 4.66. Skull measurements are provided in Table 3. Type locality Bukit Rengit, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia (WGS 84 03°35’45.6”N, 102°10’ 59.0”E — approximate elevation 72 m). The specimen was collected using a harp trap set across a trail near the Institute of Biological Diversity at Bukit Rengit. Paratypes Texas Tech University TTU 108417 (tissue and karyotype number TK 152001), adult ♂ (4 August 2006), dry skin and skull with slight crack in brain case; TTU 108209 (tissue number TK 152051), adult ♀ (6 August 2006), dry skin (housed at the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, but missing) and skull (housed at the Texas Tech University). Both TTU 108417 and TTU 108209 were captured in Krau Wildlife Reserve (03°35’45.6”N, 102°10’59.0”E — elevation 72 m). Specimen TK 152992, adult ♀ (17 May 2008), dry skin and skull in Department of Wildlife and National Park (DWNP), Malaysia; specimen TK 153519, adult ♀ (20 May 2008), alcohol preserved specimen at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. Both TK152992 and 153519 were collected by FAAK during DWNP biodiversity inventory at Kuala Atok, Pahang, peninsular Malaysia (04°16.281’N 102°22.316’E — approximate elevation 85 m). Taxonomic notes All specimens previously referred to H. atrox (Douangboubpha et al., 2010) and H. bicolor -142 are here referred to H. kunzi sp. nov. Based on length of forearm, Hill (1963) likely included both H. bicolor and H. kunzi as H. bicolor atrox, although the majority of these individuals are probably H. kunzi based on length of forearm (p. 29, Fig. 4). We cautiously assign the individuals of H. bicolor atrox from both Hill et al. (1986) and Zubaid and Davison (1987) to H. kunzi. It is unclear where the bats were collected, but it is suggested they were captured in Northern peninsular Malaysia, which would suggest that they are indeed H. kunzi. In his description of the new species Hipposideros gentilis, Andersen (1918) described the new subspecies H. g. atrox as having a wide range of forearm lengths that span both H. bicolor and H. kunzi: 42–46.2 mm (Andersen, 1918: 380). Thus he likely measured both individuals of H. bicolor and H. kunzi for the subspecies description. Description This is a small to medium-sized hipposiderid bat in the H. bicolor group with a forearm length ranging from 38.8 to 45.6 mm (mean = 42.9 mm ± 0.9), tibia length of 17.1 to 20.6 mm (mean = 18.8 mm ± 0.5), and mass varying from 6.0 to 12.0 g (mean = 8.5 g ± 0.9 — Table 2). The dorsal pelage varies from medium or dark brown to bright orange, but is always bicolored with a white base. The ventral pelage ranges from buff or golden, to bright orange (Fig. 9). The wing and tail membranes are dark brown, as are the ears. The ears are large (mean = 17.6 mm ± 0.6) and rounded with a bluntly pointed tip. The noseleaf lacks supplementary lateral leaflets and has an internarial septum that is generally triangular in shape (wider at the base — Fig. 9). The posterior and anterior portions of the nose are dark brown-grey in color, while the central part of the noseleaf is more flesh colored. The tail is long (mean = 28.7 mm ± 1.8), extending the full length of the uropatagium. The fifth metacarpal is about 74% of forearm length and the first phalanx of the third digit is about 53% of third metacarpal. Echolocation call frequency of the CF component ranges from 133.2 to 147.5 kHz, with a mean call frequency of 143.1 ± 2.0 kHz (Fig. 5 and Table 2). Hipposideros kunzi has a small and elongate skull with the greatest length of skull (GSL) ranging from 17.69 to 19.13 mm (mean = 18.31 ± 0.33 mm). The skull is slightly wider across the zygomata (mean = 9.2 ± 0.2 mm) compared to across the mastoids (mean = 9.2 ± 0.2 mm — Table 3). The distal process of the jugal bone is low and not well defined (Fig. 6). The rostrum is well developed with six nasal inflations. The sagittal crest is well developed and is taller more anteriorly. The constriction behind the orbits is well defined and narrower than the rostrum. The upper toothrow is shorter (CM 3 mean = 6.3 ± 0.1 mm) than the lower (CM 3 mean = 6.8 ± 0.1 mm). The upper incisor is small and both the upper and lower canines are of moderate size. The upper premolar (P 2) is minute and extruded from the toothrow, while the lower premolar (P 2) is about half the height of the second premolar (P 4). The species is sexually dimorphic with respect to magnitude of certain skull measurements: despite being smaller than females, males have longer and taller skulls and longer canines. Comparisons with similar species Hipposideros kunzi is one of several Hipposideros species described from the Indo-Malayan region, which superficially resemble H. bicolor and lack supplementary leaflets adjacent to the noseleaf. In peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand, H. kunzi most closely resembles, and is easily confused with, both H. bicolor and H. pomona. Compared to H. bicolor, H. kunzi has a higher echolocation call frequency (Table 2), is generally smaller in body size (Table 2), and has a shorter but wider skull (Table 3 and Fig. 9). In addition, H. kunzi has a narrower anterior noseleaf (Holotype: 4.66 mm) that is slightly curved upwards compared to H. bicolor, which has a wider anterior noseleaf (4.94−5.46 mm, n = 5) that is flattened and square in appearance (Kingston et al., 2006), lighter in color, and has rudimentary supplementary lateral leaflets (Fig. 9). The noseleaf characters, however, are only useful if both species are available for comparison in the field. Based on appearance (Murray et al., 2012: figure S1), echolocation call frequency (H. pomona: 136.4 –139.4 kHz, n = 3), overall size (H. pomona length of forearm: 42.7–44.8 mm, n = 3), and skull size and shape (Fig. 7), it is very difficult to distinguish H. kunzi from H. pomona. The main morphological difference between these species is ear height, with H. pomona having a much larger ear compared to H. kunzi: 20.0– 21.5 mm (n = 3) versus 15.0– 19.5 mm (mean = 17.6 mm — Table 2), respectively. Hipposideros pomona and H. kunzi, however, are not closely related based on both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Murray et al., 2012; this study). Despite being sister taxa (Fig. 2), having similar appearance, and overlapping in echolocation call frequencies (Kingston et al., 2000), individuals of H. kunzi and H. cineraceus -B are easily distinguished using body size (H. kunzi being larger; Table 2) and nose morphology: H. cineraceus -B has a small swelling in its internarial septum (Fig. 9). Reproduction In both 2003 and 2004 in peninsular Malaysia, palpably pregnant females were captured in February and March, and lactating individuals were captured from April through September. Similarly, Nurul-Ain et al. (2017) found females from Krau Wildlife Reserve and Samad Cave (ca. 10 Km from Krau) to be seasonally monestrous, with a peak in pregnancy in March, and lactation in June, although lactating females were captured from April through October. Distribution, ecological notes, and conservation status Currently, H. kunzi has only been documented on the Malay Peninsula, between 3°12’N in peninsular Malaysia (Fig. 1, site 12) and the Isthmus of Kra at 10°41’N in Southern Thailand (this study; Douangboubpha et al., 2010). Despite extensive sampling, Douangboubpha and colleagues did not capture H. kunzi in Central or Northern Thailand, suggesting that the northern limit of this species’ range is restricted to the Sundaic biogeographical region, as delimited by the Isthmus of Kra (Douangboubpha et al., 2010). While we did not sample bats in the southern tip of peninsular Malaysia, we expect that H. kunzi should occur throughout the peninsula where suitable habitat exists. Lim et al. (2014) reported a positive correlation between the abundance of H. kunzi (as H. bicolor -142) and latitude across 15 forest sites in peninsular Malaysia, with few or no captures at sites in the southern third of the Peninsula (which may be attributable to the lack of karst). In Singapore, H. bicolor (= H. kunzi) is considered locally extinct due to habitat loss (Pottie et al., 2005). Douangboubpha et al. (2010) included Sumatra in the distribution of H. atrox (= H. kunzi), but because of the high level of cryptic diversity within this group it is impossible to determine whether individuals from Sumatra are conspecific with H. kunzi without genetic data. Based on limited sampling in Borneo (Fig. 1), there is currently no evidence that H. kunzi occurs in Borneo. In peninsular Malaysia, individuals of H. kunzi were captured at all sampling sites (Fig. 1) and were relatively common and widespread in karst regions, but were also common in some non-karst areas (e.g., Krau Wildlife Reserve). Colonies ranged in size from a few individuals to several hundred and were found in caves, mines, and rock crevices. Colonies of H. kunzi were almost always found in caves housing other bat species; these included H. cervinus, H. larvatus, H. armiger, Rhinolophus malayanus, R. stheno, Myotis siligorensis, M. ater, Miniopterus medius, and Taphozous melanopogon. Based on captures and wing morphology, H. kunzi is believed to forage in forested habitats; Douangboupha et al. (2010) suggested that H. kunzi forages in diverse forest types and may be somewhat tolerant of anthropogenically modified landscapes that retain vegetative structure (e.g., secondary forest, rubber and orchard plantations). Given the species’ distribution across the Malay peninsula into Southern Thailand, widespread occurrence and local abundance, we currently recommend H. kunzi be evaluated as a species of Least Concern, following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria v. 3.1 (IUCN, 2012). Loss and disturbance of caves and foraging habitats would support a higher category of risk. We and others have noted the high levels of cryptic diversity in Hipposideros (e.g., Esselstyn et al., 2012; Murray et al., 2012; Foley et al., 2017). We hope that our taxonomic delineation of a new member of the bicolor species group, H. kunzi, will motivate further efforts to resolve the taxonomy of remaining cryptic lineages. Such efforts are essential to the conservation of the remarkable diversity that exists within this already speciose genus., Published as part of Murray, Susan W., Khan, Faisal A. A., Kingston, Tigga, Zubaid, Akbar & Campbell, Polly, 2018, A new species in the Hipposideros bicolor group (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Peninsular Malaysia, pp. 1-29 in Acta Chiropterologica 20 (1) on pages 21-23, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2018.20.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/3944846, {"references":["TEMMINCK, C. J. 1834. Over een Geslacht der Vleugelhandige Zoogdieren, Bladneus genaamd. (Rhinolophus Geoff. Cuv. Illig. Desm.; Vespertilio Linn., Erxl.; Noctilio Kuhl). Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie, 1: 1 - 30.","ANDERSEN, K. 1918. Diagnoses of new bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, 2: 374 - 384.","KITCHENER, D. J., Y. KONISHI, and A. SUYANTO. 1996. Morphological variation among eastern Indonesian island populations of Hipposideros bicolor (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae), with descriptions of three new subspecies. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 18: 179 - 192.","KINGSTON, T., M. C. LARA, G. JONES, A. ZUBAID, T. H. KUNZ, and C. J. SCHNEIDER. 2001. Acoustic divergence in two cryptic Hipposideros species: a role for social selection? Proceedings of the Royal Society London, 268 B: 1381 - 1386.","KHAN, F. A. A., V. J. SWIER, S. SOLARI, P. A. LARSEN, B. KETOL, W. M ARNI, S. ELLAGUPILLAY, M. LAKIN, M. T. ABDULLAH, and R. J. BAKER. 2008. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University, 281: 1 - 28.","DOUANGBOUBPHA, B., S. BUMRUNGSRI, P. SOISOOK, C. SATA- SOOK, N. M. THOMAS, and P. J. J. BATES. 2010. A taxonomic review of the Hipposideros bicolor species complex and H. pomona (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Thailand. Acta Chiropterologica, 12: 415 - 2438.","HILL, J. E. 1963. A revision of the genus Hipposideros. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 11: 1 - 129.","HILL, J. E., A. ZUBAID, and G. W. H. DAVISON. 1986. The taxonomy of leaf-nosed bats of the Hipposideros bicolor groups (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from southeastern Asia. Mammalia, 50: 535 - 540.","KINGSTON, T., B. L. LIM, and A. ZUBAID. 2006. Bats of Krau Wildlife Reserve. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Penerbit UKM, Bangi, 145 pp.","MURRAY, S. W., P. CAMPBELL, T. KINGSTON, A. ZUBAID, C. M. FRANCIS, and T. H. KUNZ. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of hipposiderid bats from Southeast Asia and evidence of cryptic diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62: 597 - 611.","KINGSTON, T., G. JONES, A. ZUBAID, and T. H. KUNZ. 2000. Resource partitioning in rhinolophoid bats revisited. Oecologia, 124: 332 - 342.","LIM, L. - S., A. MOHD- ADNAN, A. ZUBAID, M. J. STRUEBIG, and S. J. ROSSITER. 2014. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 30: 111 - 121.","POTTIE, S., D. J. W. LANE, T. KINGSTON, and B. P. Y. - H. LEE. 2005. The microchiropteran bat fauna of Singapore. Acta Chiropterologica, 7: 237 - 247.","IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List categories and criteria: version 3.1, 2 nd edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, iv + 32 pp.","ESSELSTYN, J. A., B. J. EVANS, J. L. SEDLOCK, F. A. A. KHAN, and L. R. HEANEY. 2012. Single-locus species delimitation: a test of the mixed Yule-coalescent model, with an empirical application to Philippine round-leaf bats. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, 279 B: 3678 - 3686.","FOLEY, N. M., S. M. GOODMAN, C. V. WHELAN, S. J. PUECH- MAILLE, and E. TEELING. 2017. Towards navigating the Minotaur's labyrinth: cryptic diversity and taxonomic revision within the speciose genus Hipposideros (Hipposideridae). Acta Chiropterologica, 19: 1 - 18."]}

Csorba, Gábor, Görföl, Tamás, Wiantoro, Sigit, Kingston, Tigga, Bates, Paul J. J., Huang, Joe Chun-Chia (2015): Thumb-pads up—a new species of thick-thumbed bat from Sumatra (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Glischropus). Zootaxa 3980 (2): 267-278, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3980.2.7

Glischropus aquilus n. sp. Figures 1���4; Tables 1. Synonymy. Glischropus sp.: Huang et al. (2014). Holotype. MZB 35030 (field number # JH 20110815.2), adult male, in alcohol, skull removed. Collected by Joe Chun-Chia Huang on 15 August 2011. Type locality. Sukabanjar village, Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia, 4 �� 56 ���S, 103 �� 52 ���E, 768 m a.s.l. External measurements of the holotype (in mm): FA= 32.1, EAR = 11.0, HB= 35.4, TAIL = 38.8, TIB= 15.1, TH= 5.6, HF= 6.2, body mass (g)= 4.8. Etymology. The specific epithet /a.kvi.lus/ (meaning dark-coloured in English) refers to the blackish ears and generally darker pelage of the new species relative to its congeners. The proposed English name is Dark Thickthumbed bat. Diagnosis. A rather large representative of the genus (FA over 32 mm), with dark brown fur, elevated frontal part, globose braincase and gradually narrowing interorbital region. Description. Forearm length= 32.1 mm (Table 1); ears are blackish, wide, and broadly rounded; tragus Pipistrellus -like, relatively narrow and bluntly pointed (Fig. 1). The dorsal pelage is dark brown with no reddish hints; ventrally lighter, medium brown. The individual hairs on the back are mostly unicoloured dark brown with only the tips a lighter brown; the hairs on the belly have two bands, the basal 2 / 3 being dark brown, the distal portion medium brown. The plagiopatagium is attached to the base of the toe. The calcar is short, extends to less than half of the free edge of the uropatagium; the lobe on the calcar is well-developed, elongated, and with a supporting median cartilage. The thumb has a large pinkish pad, characteristic of the genus, oval in outline and 3 mm in length. The sole of the foot is pink and fleshy. The penis is dorsoventrally flattened, 5.2 mm in length; the proximal half is practically naked, whereas the distal half is strongly pilose, with stiff, whitish hairs on the dorsal surface and around the glans (Fig. 2). The skull has an elevated frontal region and a relatively globose braincase (Fig. 3). The narial emargination is wide and U-shaped; the sagittal crest obsolete, the lambdoid crests are moderately developed. The zygoma is thin and nearly straight with no dorsal eminence. The basioccipital pits are almost imperceptible. The tips of the four upper incisors are situated in a nearly straight line; the concavity of the second upper incisor (I 3) is turned outwards. The first incisor (I 2) is bifid, I 3 reaches half the height of I 2. The main cusp of I 3 is much longer than the faint secondary cusplet of the same tooth and its tip is directed downwards. Basal dimension of I 3 equals that of I 2. The first upper premolar (P 2) is basally as large as I 2, partly intruded from the toothrow and visible in the lateral view; its cusp reaches well beyond the cingulum of the posterior premolar. The upper and lower molars show no specific modifications and the lower molars are nyctalodont (Fig. 4). Comparisons. Glischropus aquilus n. sp. is readily distinguishable externally from all other Glischropus species by the general impression of the dorsal fur being dark brown instead of reddish-yellow and the nearly black ear and tragus (vs. brown in all other species of the genus) (Fig. 1). Beside the external features, G. aquilus n. sp. is also clearly different from both G. tylopus and G. javanus in skull proportions, having a deeper rostrum, more elevated frontal part and higher occipital region (Fig. 3). G. aquilus n. sp. is larger in FA, M 3 M 3 W, RW and IOW than any G. tylopus specimen investigated. G. aquilus n. sp. was also different from all investigated Sumatran G. tylopus (see Comparative material) having a wide ���U��� shaped narial emargination (vs. elongated and posteriorly narrowing). Although in skull shape G. aquilus n. sp. is more similar to G. bucephalus and except the PDW value (which is smaller in all investigated G. bucephalus specimens) its craniodental measurements fall within the range of the latter species, its braincase in general is less swollen, interorbital region gradually narrowing (vs. abruptly narrowing in G. bucephalus); and I 3 nearly equals I 2 in basal dimensions (vs. much smaller). Multivariate analyses. In addition to the morphological comparisons a Principal Component Analysis was also performed. The 49 specimens clustered into two main groups: G. tylopus on the left and G. bucephalus on the right of the PC 1 axis (Fig. 5). The single G. j a v a n u s type fell near the group of G. t y l o p u s, whereas G. aquilus n. sp. is far from all other Glischropus specimens. The PC 1 axis is a size axis and shows the wideness of the skull; it accounted for a relatively large (71.49 %) proportion of the total variation, whereas PC 2 is responsible for 19.40 %of variation and indicates a shape factor dominated by PDW (Table 2). Phylogenetic reconstruction. Because G. javanus is represented only by the holotype, the phylogenetic analysis did not include this species. The analyzed Glischropus cytb sequences grouped into a monophyletic clade and G. aquilus n. sp. is clearly separated from other congeners (Fig. 6). The genetic distance between G. aquilus n. sp. and other Glischropus species���including G. bucephalus paratypes and a G. tylopus specimen collected close to the type locality���is between 12.1���14.6 %, which clearly supports that G. aquilus n. sp. is a separate species. The two G. bucephalus paratypes differed only in a few nucleotides, but the two G. tylopus differed considerably, by 5.2 % from each other (Table 3). Ecological notes. The only known specimen was caught along a trail in a secondary forest with a four-bank harp-trap which was set near a bamboo stand and a small stream. Another 14 species were recorded in the forest (including Tylonycteris robustula another bamboo specialist) and an additional eight species from a plantation nearby; hence, 23 bat species were confirmed from the site (Huang et al. 2014)., Published as part of Csorba, G��bor, G��rf��l, Tam��s, Wiantoro, Sigit, Kingston, Tigga, Bates, Paul J. J. & Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, 2015, Thumb-pads up ��� a new species of thick-thumbed bat from Sumatra (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Glischropus), pp. 267-278 in Zootaxa 3980 (2) on pages 269-273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3980.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/234638, {"references":["Huang, J. C. - C., Jazdzyk, E. L., Nusalawo, M., Maryanto, I., Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, S. & Kingston, T. (2014) A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra. Acta Chiropterologica, 16, 413 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 150811014 X 687369"]}

Glischropus aquilus n. sp. Figures 1–4; Tables 1. Synonymy. Glischropus sp.: Huang et al. (2014). Holotype. MZB 35030 (field number # JH 20110815.2), adult male, in alcohol, skull removed. Collected by Joe Chun-Chia Huang on 15 August 2011. Type locality. Sukabanjar village, Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia, 4 ° 56 ’S, 103 ° 52 ’E, 768 m a.s.l. External measurements of the holotype (in mm): FA= 32.1, EAR = 11.0, HB= 35.4, TAIL = 38.8, TIB= 15.1, TH= 5.6, HF= 6.2, body mass (g)= 4.8. Etymology. The specific epithet /a.kvi.lus/ (meaning dark-coloured in English) refers to the blackish ears and generally darker pelage of the new species relative to its congeners. The proposed English name is Dark Thickthumbed bat. Diagnosis. A rather large representative of the genus (FA over 32 mm), with dark brown fur, elevated frontal part, globose braincase and gradually narrowing interorbital region. Description. Forearm length= 32.1 mm (Table 1); ears are blackish, wide, and broadly rounded; tragus Pipistrellus -like, relatively narrow and bluntly pointed (Fig. 1). The dorsal pelage is dark brown with no reddish hints; ventrally lighter, medium brown. The individual hairs on the back are mostly unicoloured dark brown with only the tips a lighter brown; the hairs on the belly have two bands, the basal 2 / 3 being dark brown, the distal portion medium brown. The plagiopatagium is attached to the base of the toe. The calcar is short, extends to less than half of the free edge of the uropatagium; the lobe on the calcar is well-developed, elongated, and with a supporting median cartilage. The thumb has a large pinkish pad, characteristic of the genus, oval in outline and 3 mm in length. The sole of the foot is pink and fleshy. The penis is dorsoventrally flattened, 5.2 mm in length; the proximal half is practically naked, whereas the distal half is strongly pilose, with stiff, whitish hairs on the dorsal surface and around the glans (Fig. 2). The skull has an elevated frontal region and a relatively globose braincase (Fig. 3). The narial emargination is wide and U-shaped; the sagittal crest obsolete, the lambdoid crests are moderately developed. The zygoma is thin and nearly straight with no dorsal eminence. The basioccipital pits are almost imperceptible. The tips of the four upper incisors are situated in a nearly straight line; the concavity of the second upper incisor (I 3) is turned outwards. The first incisor (I 2) is bifid, I 3 reaches half the height of I 2. The main cusp of I 3 is much longer than the faint secondary cusplet of the same tooth and its tip is directed downwards. Basal dimension of I 3 equals that of I 2. The first upper premolar (P 2) is basally as large as I 2, partly intruded from the toothrow and visible in the lateral view; its cusp reaches well beyond the cingulum of the posterior premolar. The upper and lower molars show no specific modifications and the lower molars are nyctalodont (Fig. 4). Comparisons. Glischropus aquilus n. sp. is readily distinguishable externally from all other Glischropus species by the general impression of the dorsal fur being dark brown instead of reddish-yellow and the nearly black ear and tragus (vs. brown in all other species of the genus) (Fig. 1). Beside the external features, G. aquilus n. sp. is also clearly different from both G. tylopus and G. javanus in skull proportions, having a deeper rostrum, more elevated frontal part and higher occipital region (Fig. 3). G. aquilus n. sp. is larger in FA, M 3 M 3 W, RW and IOW than any G. tylopus specimen investigated. G. aquilus n. sp. was also different from all investigated Sumatran G. tylopus (see Comparative material) having a wide ’U’ shaped narial emargination (vs. elongated and posteriorly narrowing). Although in skull shape G. aquilus n. sp. is more similar to G. bucephalus and except the PDW value (which is smaller in all investigated G. bucephalus specimens) its craniodental measurements fall within the range of the latter species, its braincase in general is less swollen, interorbital region gradually narrowing (vs. abruptly narrowing in G. bucephalus); and I 3 nearly equals I 2 in basal dimensions (vs. much smaller). Multivariate analyses. In addition to the morphological comparisons a Principal Component Analysis was also performed. The 49 specimens clustered into two main groups: G. tylopus on the left and G. bucephalus on the right of the PC 1 axis (Fig. 5). The single G. j a v a n u s type fell near the group of G. t y l o p u s, whereas G. aquilus n. sp. is far from all other Glischropus specimens. The PC 1 axis is a size axis and shows the wideness of the skull; it accounted for a relatively large (71.49 %) proportion of the total variation, whereas PC 2 is responsible for 19.40 %of variation and indicates a shape factor dominated by PDW (Table 2). Phylogenetic reconstruction. Because G. javanus is represented only by the holotype, the phylogenetic analysis did not include this species. The analyzed Glischropus cytb sequences grouped into a monophyletic clade and G. aquilus n. sp. is clearly separated from other congeners (Fig. 6). The genetic distance between G. aquilus n. sp. and other Glischropus species—including G. bucephalus paratypes and a G. tylopus specimen collected close to the type locality—is between 12.1–14.6 %, which clearly supports that G. aquilus n. sp. is a separate species. The two G. bucephalus paratypes differed only in a few nucleotides, but the two G. tylopus differed considerably, by 5.2 % from each other (Table 3). Ecological notes. The only known specimen was caught along a trail in a secondary forest with a four-bank harp-trap which was set near a bamboo stand and a small stream. Another 14 species were recorded in the forest (including Tylonycteris robustula another bamboo specialist) and an additional eight species from a plantation nearby; hence, 23 bat species were confirmed from the site (Huang et al. 2014).

Kerivoula papillosa Temminck, 1840 Papillose woolly bat New records Lampung Province: Sukabanjar Forest, Way Canguk Forest. New material Two individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest, 1♂, 1♀ (MZB 35887, 35888). Previous records from Sumatra One individual was collected from Sumatra (van Strien, 1996), but no locality information was given. Remarks This is the largest Kerivoulinae species in the study area. All individuals were caught with harp traps between 50–1,033 m a.s.l. in forest. Individuals varied in color; while most individuals were brown or grayish-brown, others were yellowishbrown. We followed existing references allocating all Kerivoula with forearm length> 42.0 mm to K. papillosa (Table 3). Five individuals, both with FA = 40.6–41.5 mm, were not assigned to species as this falls within the range of both K. lenis and K. papillosa (Table 3). We did not consider K. kachinensis, another large brown Kerivoula species (FA = 40.1–43.2 mm; BM = 6.5–9.5 g) in Southeast Asia, because its distribution is restricted to the Indo-Burma region (Bates et al., 2004; Soisook et al., 2007)., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 432, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp.","BATES, P. J. J., M. J. STRUEBIG, S. J. ROSSITER, T. KINGSTON, SAI SEIN LIN OO, and KHIN MYA MYA. 2004. A new species of Kerivoula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Myanmar (Burma). Acta Chiropterologica, 6: 219 - 226.","SOISOOK, P., S. BUMRUNGSRI, A. DEJTARADOL, C. M. FRANCIS, G. CSORBA, A. GUILLEN- SERVENT, and P. J. J. BATES. 2007. First records of Kerivoula kachinensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Cambodia, Lao PDR and Thailand. Acta Chiropterologica, 9: 339 - 345."]}

Pteropus ? vampyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) Large flying fox New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Sumberjaya Village, Sumber Rejo Village. Previous records from Sumatra Jambi Province: Muara Bungo; West Sumatra Province: Mininjau; Lampung Province: Krui, Rata Agung (Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993); as throughout Sumatra by van Strien (1996). Remarks Although we did not capture any Pteropus, four were observed flying in Lombok Village near sunset in late September 2011. Twenty-five individuals were also observed in Sukaraja Village flying south toward Sukaraja Forest from the northeast at around 18:00 in mid April 2012. The bats in the Sukaraja area were possibly from a roost on a small island in ‘Watermelon Bay’ (Teluk Semangka in Indonesian) near the north coast of southern Bukit Barisan Selatan Ridge (J. Yanto, personal communication). Three Pteropus species are currently known from Sumatra, namely P. vampyrus (large flying fox), P. melanotus (black-eared flying fox), and P. hypomelanus (variable flying fox) (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Simmons, 2005). Pteropus melanotus and P. hypomelanus are only known from a few offshore islands in northern Sumatra (Simmons, 2005; Boitani et al., 2006), but P. vampyrus has been reported throughout the island (van Strien, 1996), including BBSL (Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993) and nearby areas (this study, see below). Hence, we tentatively assign all observations of flying foxes to P. vampyrus. Farmers throughout the study area reported in interviews that P. vampyrus gather in coffee plantations to roost and forage during the fruiting season. In the coastal area near Sumber Rejo-Way Canguk area, local people used kites with hooks on tethers to hunt commuting P. vampyrus. Villagers gathered at dusk and raised kites into the commuting route of bats until sunset. One to two black plastic bags were tied to the tethers to simulate flying bats and decrease the bats’ awareness of the kites (JCCH, personal observation). Based on interviews with villagers, one to ten flying foxes were captured by the whole village each night in 2010; 30 years ago the average capture rate was as many as five bats per person per night. P. vampyrus were sold (2–20 USD per bat) as medicine for asthma at local markets near the study area. Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) Geoffroy’s rousette bat New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukabanjar Village, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. Previous records from Sumatra West Sumatra: Mentawai Islands; Bengkulu Province: Enggano Island; Lampung Province: Kalianda (Rookmaaker and Bergmans, 1981). Remarks All R. amplexicaudatus were caught with mist nets set at 564–722 m a.s.l. in coffee plantations, and in Way Canguk Forest. Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) Geoffroy’s rousette bat New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukabanjar Village, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. Previous records from Sumatra West Sumatra: Mentawai Islands; Bengkulu Province: Enggano Island; Lampung Province: Kalianda (Rookmaaker and Bergmans, 1981). Remarks All R. amplexicaudatus were caught with mist nets set at 564–722 m a.s.l. in coffee plantations, and in Way Canguk Forest., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on pages 425-426, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["SIBUEA, T. T. H., and D. HERDIMANSYAH. 1993. The variety of mammal species in the agroforest areas of Krui (Lampung), Muara Bungo (Jambi), and Maninjau (West Sumatra). ORSTROM-BIOTROP Report, Bogor, vii + 77 pp.","VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp.","CORBET, G. B., and J. E. HILL. 1992. The mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review. Natural History Museum Publications, Oxford, 488 pp.","SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529, in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3 rd edition (D. E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp.","BOITANI, L., I. CATULLO, M. MARZETTI, M. MASI, M. RULLI, and S. SAVINI. 2006. The Southeast Asian mammal databank. A tool for conservation and monitoring of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. Instituto di Ecologia Applicata, Rome. Available at www. ieaitaly. org / samd /.","ROOKMAAKER, L. C., and W. BERGMANS. 1981. Taxonomy and geography of Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) with comparative notes on sympatric congeners (Mammalia, Megachiroptera). Beaufortia, 31: 1 - 29."]}

Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844 / R. pusillusTemminck, 1834 Blyth’s horseshoe bat/Least horseshoe bat New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Pemerihan Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Way Canguk Forest. New material Four individuals were collected as specimens. Lampung Province: Pemerihan Village, 1♀ (MZB 35051); Sukaraja Forest, 1♂, 1♀ (MZB 35795, 35796); Way Canguk Forest, 1♀ (MZB 35798). Previous records from Sumatra North Sumatra Province: Deli for R. lepidus (van Strien, 1996); Medan for R. pusillus (Csorba et al. 2003). Remarks This small Rhinolophus can be distinguished from other Rhinolophus species either by its smaller body size or by the shape of the connecting process, which is triangular and pointed at the tip. The posterior noseleaf (lancet) is triangular and pointed at tip. The coloration is light brown, grayish brown, or orange tipped with buffy brown. Individuals are generally characterized by yellowish brown and yellow skin of the face. Based on the characters above, this bat is most similar to R. lepidus and R. pusillus in the pusillus species group. The two Rhinolophus are hard to be distinguished externally and the taxonomic relationship between the two species is not clear (Csorba et al., 2003). Some studies suggest that peak frequency (F MAXE) is a diagnostic trait to distinguish R. lepidus and R. pusillus (Kingston et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2009; Hughes et al., 2010). However, the discrepancy in echolocation calls reported from those studies indicates there is no clear relationship between peak frequency and species (R. lepidus versus R. pusillus: 100 kHz and 92.5 kHz in Kingston et al., 2000; 92–95 kHz and 100–111 kHz in Zhang et al., 2009; 100.1 kHz and 112.5 kHz in Hughes et al., 2010). Thus, we are not able to assign our samples to either of the two species. Individuals were captured with harp traps with an elevation from 50–507 m a.s.l. in lowland rainforest as well as plantations near forest in our study area. It was recorded roosting in the Gimbar 2 cave at Way Canguk Forest, and using houses as night roosts and feeding sites in Pemerihan Village., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 429, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp.","CSORBA, G., P. UJHELYI, and N. THOMAS. 2003. Horseshoe bats of the world (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Alana Ecology, Shropshire, xxxii + 160 pp.","KINGSTON, T., G. JONES, A. ZUBAID, and T. H. KUNZ. 2000. Resource partitioning in rhinolophoid bats revisited. Oecologia, 124: 332 - 342.","ZHANG, L., G. JONES, J. ZHANG, G. ZHU, S. PARSONS, S. J. ROS- SITER, and S. ZHANG. 2009. Recent surveys of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from China. I. Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae. Acta Chiropterologica, 11: 71 - 88.","HUGHES, A. C., C. SATASOOK, P. J. J. BATES, P. SOISOOK, T. SRITONGCHUAY, G. JONES, and S. BUMRUNGSRI. 2010. Echolocation call analysis and presence-only modeling as conservation monitoring tools for rhinolophoid bats in Thailand. Acta Chiropterologica, 12: 311 - 327."]}

Megaerops ecaudatus (Temminck, 1837) Temminck’s tailless fruit bat New records Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Sukabanjar Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. New material Two individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Sukaraja Village, 1♂, 1♀ (MZB 35004, 35005). Previous records from Sumatra West Sumatra Province: Mininjau (Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993), Padang (type locality, Simmons, 2005). Remarks All M. ecaudatus individuals in our study were captured in mist nets set at ground level at elevations up to 618 m a.s.l. in coffee plantations. Although most reports describing M. ecaudatus from forested habitats (Francis, 2008), records of M. ecaudatus in other disturbed habitats is recently reported by Sritongchuay et al. (2014) as well. One museum specimen (MZB 35003) indicates a presence of M. ecaudatus in Way Canguk Forest. It is distinguished from M. wetmorei by shorter tibia length and brown on the first phalanges of all fingers. Pteropus ? vampyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) Large flying fox New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Sumberjaya Village, Sumber Rejo Village. Previous records from Sumatra Jambi Province: Muara Bungo; West Sumatra Province: Mininjau; Lampung Province: Krui, Rata Agung (Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993); as throughout Sumatra by van Strien (1996). Remarks Although we did not capture any Pteropus, four were observed flying in Lombok Village near sunset in late September 2011. Twenty-five individuals were also observed in Sukaraja Village flying south toward Sukaraja Forest from the northeast at around 18:00 in mid April 2012. The bats in the Sukaraja area were possibly from a roost on a small island in ‘Watermelon Bay’ (Teluk Semangka in Indonesian) near the north coast of southern Bukit Barisan Selatan Ridge (J. Yanto, personal communication). Three Pteropus species are currently known from Sumatra, namely P. vampyrus (large flying fox), P. melanotus (black-eared flying fox), and P. hypomelanus (variable flying fox) (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Simmons, 2005). Pteropus melanotus and P. hypomelanus are only known from a few offshore islands in northern Sumatra (Simmons, 2005; Boitani et al., 2006), but P. vampyrus has been reported throughout the island (van Strien, 1996), including BBSL (Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993) and nearby areas (this study, see below). Hence, we tentatively assign all observations of flying foxes to P. vampyrus. Farmers throughout the study area reported in interviews that P. vampyrus gather in coffee plantations to roost and forage during the fruiting season. In the coastal area near Sumber Rejo-Way Canguk area, local people used kites with hooks on tethers to hunt commuting P. vampyrus. Villagers gathered at dusk and raised kites into the commuting route of bats until sunset. One to two black plastic bags were tied to the tethers to simulate flying bats and decrease the bats’ awareness of the kites (JCCH, personal observation). Based on interviews with villagers, one to ten flying foxes were captured by the whole village each night in 2010; 30 years ago the average capture rate was as many as five bats per person per night. P. vampyrus were sold (2–20 USD per bat) as medicine for asthma at local markets near the study area. Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) Geoffroy’s rousette bat New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukabanjar Village, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. Previous records from Sumatra West Sumatra: Mentawai Islands; Bengkulu Province: Enggano Island; Lampung Province: Kalianda (Rookmaaker and Bergmans, 1981). Remarks All R. amplexicaudatus were caught with mist nets set at 564–722 m a.s.l. in coffee plantations, and in Way Canguk Forest. Pteropus ? vampyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) Large flying fox New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Sumberjaya Village, Sumber Rejo Village. Previous records from Sumatra Jambi Province: Muara Bungo; West Sumatra Province: Mininjau; Lampung Province: Krui, Rata Agung (Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993); as throughout Sumatra by van Strien (1996). Remarks Although we did not capture any Pteropus, four were observed flying in Lombok Village near sunset in late September 2011. Twenty-five individuals were also observed in Sukaraja Village flying south toward Sukaraja Forest from the northeast at around 18:00 in mid April 2012. The bats in the Sukaraja area were possibly from a roost on a small island in ‘Watermelon Bay’ (Teluk Semangka in Indonesian) near the north coast of southern Bukit Barisan Selatan Ridge (J. Yanto, personal communication). Three Pteropus species are currently known from Sumatra, namely P. vampyrus (large flying fox), P. melanotus (black-eared flying fox), and P. hypomelanus (variable flying fox) (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Simmons, 2005). Pteropus melanotus and P. hypomelanus are only known from a few offshore islands in northern Sumatra (Simmons, 2005; Boitani et al., 2006), but P. vampyrus has been reported throughout the island (van Strien, 1996), including BBSL (Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993) and nearby areas (this study, see below). Hence, we tentatively assign all observations of flying foxes to P. vampyrus. Farmers throughout the study area reported in interviews that P. vampyrus gather in coffee plantations to roost and forage during the fruiting season. In the coastal area near Sumber Rejo-Way Canguk area, local people used kites with hooks on tethers to hunt commuting P. vampyrus. Villagers gathered at dusk and raised kites into the commuting route of bats until sunset. One to two black plastic bags were tied to the tethers to simulate flying bats and decrease the bats’ awareness of the kites (JCCH, personal observation). Based on interviews with villagers, one to ten flying foxes were captured by the whole village each night in 2010; 30 years ago the average capture rate was as many as five bats per person per night. P. vampyrus were sold (2–20 USD per bat) as medicine for asthma at local markets near the study area. Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) Geoffroy’s rousette bat New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukabanjar Village, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. Previous records from Sumatra West Sumatra: Mentawai Islands; Bengkulu Province: Enggano Island; Lampung Province: Kalianda (Rookmaaker and Bergmans, 1981). Remarks All R. amplexicaudatus were caught with mist nets set at 564–722 m a.s.l. in coffee plantations, and in Way Canguk Forest. Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) Geoffroy’s rousette bat New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukabanjar Village, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. Previous records from Sumatra West Sumatra: Mentawai Islands; Bengkulu Province: Enggano Island; Lampung Province: Kalianda (Rookmaaker and Bergmans, 1981). Remarks All R. amplexicaudatus were caught with mist nets set at 564–722 m a.s.l. in coffee plantations, and in Way Canguk Forest., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on pages 425-426, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["SIBUEA, T. T. H., and D. HERDIMANSYAH. 1993. The variety of mammal species in the agroforest areas of Krui (Lampung), Muara Bungo (Jambi), and Maninjau (West Sumatra). ORSTROM-BIOTROP Report, Bogor, vii + 77 pp.","SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529, in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3 rd edition (D. E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp.","FRANCIS, C. M. 2008. A guide to mammals of Southeast Asia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 392 pp.","SRITONGCHUAY, T., G. A. GALE, A. STEWART, T. KERDKAEW, and S. BUMRUNGSRI. 2014. Seed rain in abandoned clearings in a lowland evergreen rain forest in Southern Thailand. Tropical Conservation Science, 7: 572 - 585.","VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp.","CORBET, G. B., and J. E. HILL. 1992. The mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review. Natural History Museum Publications, Oxford, 488 pp.","BOITANI, L., I. CATULLO, M. MARZETTI, M. MASI, M. RULLI, and S. SAVINI. 2006. The Southeast Asian mammal databank. A tool for conservation and monitoring of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. Instituto di Ecologia Applicata, Rome. Available at www. ieaitaly. org / samd /.","ROOKMAAKER, L. C., and W. BERGMANS. 1981. Taxonomy and geography of Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) with comparative notes on sympatric congeners (Mammalia, Megachiroptera). Beaufortia, 31: 1 - 29."]}

Hipposideros doriae (Peters, 1871) Bornean leaf-nosed bat New records Lampung Province: Sukabanjar Forest, Sukaraja Forest. New material Three individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Sukaraja Forest, 1♂, 2♀♀ (MZB 35801–35803). Previous records from Sumatra Aceh Province: Aceh (as H. sabanus in van Strien, 1996, but see Simmons, 2005). Remarks This was the smallest Hipposideros species (Table 2) in the survey area. It is distinct from other Hipposideros bats in the lack of vertical septa in the posterior noseleaf and smaller body size. All H. doriae were captured in forest with an elevation of 450 to 755 m. Our record is the most southern of its range in Sumatra., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 428, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp.","SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529, in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3 rd edition (D. E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp."]}

Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915 Greater bamboo bat New record Lampung Province: Sukabanjar Forest. New material One bat was collected as a voucher specimen. Lampung Province: Sukabanjar Forest, 1♂ (MZB 35029). Previous records from Sumatra Listed for North Sumatra, but no locality records given; South Sumatra Province: Palembang (van Strien, 1996). Remarks One male and one female were caught with a mist net set near a small stream and bamboo stand in a disturbed forest at an elevation of 711 m a.s.l. T. robustula has been reported roosting in the hollow internodes of bamboo stems (Kingston et al., 2006). Our capture is the most southern locality of the species in Sumatra., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 437, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp.","KINGSTON, T., B. L. LIM, and A. ZUBAID. 2006. Bats of Krau Wildlife Reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 145 pp."]}

viii. Keys to subfamilies of Vespertilionidae (* denotes records in Sumatra but not in BBSL, # marks records from BBSL only) 1.1. Nostrils tubular, openings directed laterally........................................... subfamily Murininae (A) 1.2. Nostrils not tubular, openings directed frontally........................................................... 2 2.1. Ear funnel-shaped; tragus very long, thin, and sharply pointed.......................... subfamily Kerivoulinae (B) 2.2. Ear shape various but not funnel-shaped; tragus shape and length various, but never as thin as in Kerivoulinae......... 3 3.1. Three pairs of upper premolars (two in M. ridleyi); tragus moderately pointed and only slightly bent forward........................................................................................... subfamily Myotinae (C) 3.2. One or two pairs of upper premolars; tragus usually not pointed (if pointed, then very sharply bent forward; see Scotophilus).......................................................................... subfamily Vespertilioninae (D), Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 447, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617

iii. Key to species of Rhinolophidae (* denotes records in Sumatra but not in BBSL, # marks records from BBSL only) 1.1. Sella with lateral lappets.............................................................................. 2 1.2. Sella without lateral lappets........................................................................... 4 2.1. Nose and ears light yellow; FA 45–58 mm.............................................. Rhinolophus trifoliatus 2.2. Nose and ears dark gray or brown...................................................................... 3 3.1. FA 58–80 mm; BM 26–37 g............................................................ Rhinolophus luctus 3.2. FA 37–44 mm; BM 7–10 g........................................................... Rhinolophus sedulus * 4.1. Anterior noseleaf large and covers entire upper lip; sella wide and long; FA 39–50 mm.......... Rhinolophus macrotis * 4.2. Anterior noseleaf small and does not cover entire upper lip; sella narrow and short............................... 5 5.1. Connecting process triangular, pointed at tip.............................................................. 6 5.2. Connecting process round at tip or reduced............................................................... 7 6.1. FA 44–53 mm; BM 10–16 g........................................................ Rhinolophus acuminatus 6.2. FA Rhinolophus lepidus / pusillus 7.1. Connecting process relatively strong with a rounded central part.............................................. 8 7.2. Connecting process weak and not rounded in the central part................................................ 11 8.1. Sides of sella concave at middle; FA 46–55 mm............................................ Rhinolophus affinis 8.2. Sella only slightly tapering, sides nearly parallel; FA ≤ 48 mm............................................... 9 9.1. TL 21–29 mm; FA 38–47 mm............................................. Rhinolophus borneensis / celebensis # 9.2. TL Rhinolophus stheno * 10.2. TL 15.9 mm; FA 39.9 mm (n = 1)......................................................... Rhinolophus sp. 2 # 11.1. Connecting process distinctly arched; FA 42–54 mm...................................... Rhinolophus arcuatus * 11.2. Connecting process flat; FA 40.4 mm (n = 1)............................................... Rhinolophus sp. 1 #, Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 446, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617

vii. Key to species of Miniopteridae (* denotes records in Sumatra but not in BBSL) 1.1. TB> 20 mm; FA 46–53; BM 12–15 g.................................................. Miniopterus magnater 1.2. TB 2.1. FA 34–40 mm; TB ≤ 16 mm; BM 5.0– 6.5 g; skin of face pink and yellow...................... Miniopterus australis 2.2. FA> 39 mm; TB ≥ 16.5 mm; BM ≥ 7 g; skin of the face dark brown.......................................... 3 3.1. BM 7–10 g; FA 39–45 mm; TB 16.5–19.1 mm............................................ Miniopterus pusillus 3.2. BM 10–12.5 g; FA 42–50 mm; TB 16–20 mm.......................................... Miniopterus fuliginosus *

A. Keys to species of subfamily Murininae 1.1. FA 45–51 mm; 3rd upper molar reduced or absent....................................... Harpiocephalus harpia 1.2. FA Murina) 2.1. FA 33–40 mm; BM 5.5–12.0 g......................................................... Murina peninsularis 2.2. FA ≤ 32 mm; BM Murina rozendaali # 3.2. Upperparts pale brown to orange (some individuals have scattered guard hairs tipped with shining yellowish-gold color); crown area of P 2 ≤ 1/2 of P 4; FA 27–32 mm.................................................... Murina suilla, Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 447, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617

Myotis sp. 1 New records Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Sukabanjar Village, Sumber Rejo Village. New material Three individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Sumber Rejo Village, 2♂♂ (MZB 34970, 34990), Sukabanjar Village, 1♀ (MZB 35045). Remarks This is a small Myotis species (FA = 31.4–34.7 mm) with the wing membrane attached at the base of the toes. The fur is dark brown to black on the upperparts and grayish brown on the underparts. Some individuals have slightly shiny-tipped fur on the upperparts. The skull is generally flat and the second upper premolar is intruded from the toothrow. In comparison to all known Myotis species of the Sunda Shelf, it is similar to Myotis ater in its cranial and dental characters, but differs in the range of forearm length (FA is 34.0–39.0 mm in M. ater — Kingston et al., 2006). The body size and dental characters are similar to M. siligorensis (Yasuma et al., 2003; Kingston et al., 2006) but cranial characters differ (SW, unpublished data). Neither M. ater nor Myotis siligorensis have been recorded on the Sumatran main island although there is a record of M. ater from an offshore island in West Sumatra (Simmons, 2005). Further comparison and molecular analyses are necessary to clarify the taxonomic status of this species. In the study area, it was distinguished from other Myotis species, except M. muricola, by its smaller forearm length. It is indistinguishable from M. muricola externally, but can be differentiated by the tooth arrangement: the second upper premolar (P 3) is in line with the toothrow in M. muricola and displaced inwards such that the adjacent premolars are in contact or nearly so in Myotis sp. 1 (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Individuals were caught with both harp traps and mist nets at ground level in coffee plantations, and sometimes trapped with M. muricola., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 435, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["KINGSTON, T., B. L. LIM, and A. ZUBAID. 2006. Bats of Krau Wildlife Reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 145 pp.","YASUMA, S., M. AADAU, L. APIN, F. T. Y. YA, and L. KIMSUI. 2003. Identification Keys to the Mammals of Borneo. Sabah Parks and JICA, Kota Kinabalu, 85 pp.","SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529, in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3 rd edition (D. E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp.","CORBET, G. B., and J. E. HILL. 1992. The mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review. Natural History Museum Publications, Oxford, 488 pp."]}

ix. Key to Emballonuridae (* denotes records in Sumatra but not in BBSL) 1.1. FA 42–48 mm; 2 pairs of upper incisors and 3 pairs of lower incisors........................ Emballonura monticola 1.2. FA> 53 mm; 1 pair of upper incisors and 2 pairs of lower incisors............................................ 2 (Taphozous * / Saccolaimus * ) 2.1. FA 70–76 mm; no throat pouch; wing with well-developed radio-metacarpal pouch.............. Taphozous theobaldi * 2.2. FA Taphozous melanopogon * 3.2. Chin naked; radio-metacarpal pouch absent or small; throat pouch present in males but absent in females............. 4 4.1. FA 63–69 mm; BM> 35 g; leg naked or only sparsely furred; radio-metacarpal pouch absent or small.............................................................................................. Saccolaimus saccolaimus * 4.2. FA 55–63 mm; BM Taphozous longimanus *, Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 448, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617

Kerivoula krauensis Francis, Kingston, and Zubaid, 2007 Krau woolly bat New record New record to Sumatra, Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest. Remarks Two adults of K. krauensis were collected by previous researchers from Way Canguk Forest (MZB 31480, 34995). This is the first record of this small Kerivoula species in Sumatra. The records extend the distribution of K. krauensis to the Greater Sunda islands after it was first described from Peninsular Malaysia (Francis et al., 2007). It is distinguished from all known Kerivoula species in Sumatra by darker coloration and golden shiny tipped fur on upperparts (Yasuma et al., 2003; Francis et al., 2007) and from Phoniscus atrox by lack of a notch near the base of tragus at external margin and lack of a groove on the canine., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on pages 431-432, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["FRANCIS, C. M., T. KINGSTON, and A. ZUBAID. 2007. A new species of Kerivoula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from peninsular Malaysia. Acta Chiropterologica, 9: 1 - 12.","YASUMA, S., M. AADAU, L. APIN, F. T. Y. YA, and L. KIMSUI. 2003. Identification Keys to the Mammals of Borneo. Sabah Parks and JICA, Kota Kinabalu, 85 pp."]}

Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823 Intermediate horseshoe bat New records Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Lombok Village, Pemerihan Village, Sukabanjar Forest, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. New material Two individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Sumber Rejo, 1♂, 1♀ (MZB 34965, 34966). Previous records from Sumatra North Sumatra Province: a cave near Pengerukan (Whitten et al., 2000); North and central Sumatra but without detailed localities (van Strien, 1996). Remarks Rhinolophus affinis was common throughout the survey area. It was caught between 50–895 m a.s.l. in forests and coffee plantations. One individual was caught with mist nets over the Way Canguk River., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 429, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["WHITTEN, A. J., S. J. DAMNIK, J. ANWAR, and N. HISYAM. 2000. Chapter Ten: caves. Pp. 313 - 336, in The ecology of Sumatra, 1 st periplus edition. Tuttle Publishing, North Clarendo, xxxix + 478 pp.","VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp."]}

Rhinolophus sp. 2 New record Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest. Remarks A single adult male was collected by previous researchers from Way Canguk Forest, but recognized as a R. lepidus (MZB 31493). It is a small brown Rhinolophus bat with a FA of 39.9 mm. The posterior noseleaf is nearly triangular, barely hairy at base, and with a long lancet blunted at the tip. The connecting process is round, differing from R. lepidus / R. pusillus, and the sella is tapered. This species is morphologically similar to R. malayanus in Indo-Burma region (Csorba et al., 2003), but not comparable to any species known from the Sunda Shelf. It is also similar to R. stheno, in noseleaf structure, but smaller in all external measurements. Further comparison with more species is necessary to identify the species., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 430, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["CSORBA, G., P. UJHELYI, and N. THOMAS. 2003. Horseshoe bats of the world (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Alana Ecology, Shropshire, xxxii + 160 pp."]}

Kerivoula minuta Miller, 1898 Least woolly bat New records New record to Sumatra; Lampung Province: Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Way Canguk Forest. New material One individual was collected as a voucher specimen. Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest, 1♂ (MZB 35889). Remarks This was the smallest Kerivoula in our study area (FA = 27.7–30.0 mm; Wt: 2.3–3.3 g). All individuals were caught with harp traps between 50–572 m a.s.l., in forest except one, which was trapped in the understory of a mixed coffee plantation. It is a light reddish-brown bat with semi-translucent wing membranes. Body size is smaller than other Kerivoula species in the study area. The bats are externally similar to K. minuta and K. intermedia, two small species coexisting in some forests of Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia (Kingston et al., 2003; Struebig et al., 2010). These two Kerivoula species are almost morphologically identical but differ in body mass (2.0–3.0 g for K. minuta and 3.1–3.5 g for K. intermedia) and cranial measures (Khan et al., 2010). Based on the measures of body mass, all our captures can be assigned to K. minuta, except one individual with a BM of 3.3 g, which falls into the range of K. intermedia. A detailed study of cranial traits of our sample collected also confirms the presence of K. minuta in our study area (B. Douangboubpha, personal communication). This is the first time the species has been recorded for Sumatra., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 432, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["KINGSTON, T., C. M. FRANCIS, Z. AKBAR, and T. H. KUNZ. 2003. Species richness in an insectivorous bat assemblage from Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 19: 67 - 79.","STRUEBIG, M. J., L. CHRISTY, D. PIO, and E. MEIJAARD. 2010. Bats of Borneo: diversity, distribution and representation in protected areas. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19: 449 - 469.","KHAN, F. A. A., S. SOLARI, V. J. SWIER, P. A. LARSEN, M. T. ABDULLAH, and R. J. BAKER. 2010. Systematics of Malaysian woolly bats (Vespertilionidae: Kerivoula) inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, karyotypic, and morphological data. Journal of Mammalogy, 95: 1058 - 1072."]}

c. Genus Pipistrellus 1.1. FA 38–43 mm; BM 18–20 g; wing narrow at 5th finger, length of 5th finger (metacarpal + phalanges) subequal to length of metacarpal of 4th finger............................................................ Pipistrellus stenopterus 1.2. FA ≤ 36 mm; BM metacarpal of 4th finger............................. 2 2.1. FA 33–36 mm; HF 7.2 mm; BM 3.8–7 g................................................ Pipistrellus javanicus 2.2. FA 29–32 mm; HF 5–6 mm; BM 3–6 g.................................................... Pipistrellus tenuis *

Hipposideros cervinus (Gould, 1854) Fawn-colored leaf-nosed bat New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. Previous records from Sumatra North Sumatra Province: Sukaranda (upper Langkat) (Bates et al., 2007 a). Remarks This medium-sized hipposiderid bat can be easily distinguished from other Hipposideros in the study area by the presence of two lateral leaflets on the muzzle either side of the anterior nose leaf. In our surveys, most individuals were captured with harp traps set in the lowland primary rainforest of Way Canguk, and another six individuals were caught in coffee plantations. A single individual was recorded from Gimbar 2 cave of Way Canguk. Our records extend its distribution from northern Sumatra to the south., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 427, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["BATES, P. J. J., S. ROSSITER, A. SUYANTO, and T. KINGS- TON. 2007 a. A new species of Hipposideros (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Sulawesi. Acta Chiropterologica, 9: 13 - 26."]}

Miniopterus pusillus Dobson, 1876 Small long-fingered bat New records Lampung Province: Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. Previous records from Sumatra North Sumatra Province: a cave near Penerukan (Whitten et al., 2000); caves near Bohorok (van Strien, 1996). New material One individual was collected as a voucher specimen. Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest, 1♀ (MZB 35821). Remarks This is a medium-sized Miniopterus species. All individuals were captured in or near the Gimbar 2 cave within Way Canguk Forest, except one individual from Sumber Rejo Village. The skin on the face is dark brown and the tragus is pale white to grayish brown. It can be distinguished from M. australis by the larger size and skin coloration of the face and from M. magnater by the smaller body size (Table 2) in our study area. Comparing with other known Miniopterus species on the Sunda Shelf, its forearm length falls into the range of M. pusillus and M. medius, and partially overlaps with M. fuliginosus. It has a similar body mass range to M. pusillus, overlaps partially with M. medius, and lighter than M. fuliginosus. Its tibia length overlaps partially with M. pusillus, falls into the range of M. fuliginosus, and is longer than in M. medius (Table 4). Despite its slightly larger tibia length, we tentatively assign this bat as M. pusillus based upon its forearm length and body mass. Further comparison of craniodental characters and genetic analyses are necessary to confirm the identification of this species., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 439, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["WHITTEN, A. J., S. J. DAMNIK, J. ANWAR, and N. HISYAM. 2000. Chapter Ten: caves. Pp. 313 - 336, in The ecology of Sumatra, 1 st periplus edition. Tuttle Publishing, North Clarendo, xxxix + 478 pp.","VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp."]}

Rhinolophus borneensis Peters, 1861 / R. celebensis K. Anderson, 1905 Bornean horseshoe bat/ Sulawesi borseshoe bat New records New record to Sumatra; Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Lombok Village, Sukabanjar Forest, Sukaraja Forest, Sukabanjar Village, and Way Canguk Forest. New material Three individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Sukaraja Forest, 1♂, 2♀♀ (MZB 35874–35876). Remarks This medium-sized Rhinolophus species was captured at an elevational of 50–923 m a.s.l. in forest and plantations in mountain areas. This species has a tapered or nearly parallel-sided sella, and a roughly rounded connecting process. Individuals are also characterized by orangey facial skin and bright yellowish or reddish-orange fur. Based on the characters above, this bat is most similar to R. borneensis and R. celebensis in the megaphyllus species group. The two Rhinolophus are hard to be distinguished externally and the taxonomic relationship between the two species is not clear. The current identification is based upon their distribution ranges (Csorba et al., 2003). Rhinolophus borneensis is known from Borneo and Java; R. celebensis from Java, Bali, Sulawesi, and Timor. Neither species has been recorded yet in Sumatra (Suyanto et al., 2002; Simmons, 2005; also see Francis, 2008, for the revised status of mainland Southeast Asia populations). Hence, we are not able to assign our samples to either of the two species. In our study area, it can be distinguished from R. affinis by its less concave sella, from the pusillus group (R. acuminatus, R. lepidus) by its roughly rounded connecting process, and from the trifoliatus group (R. trifoliatus, R. luctus) by the lack of lateral lappets and smaller body size. Noteworthy, variations in the connecting process (round and slightly pointed) and sella (nearly parallel, slightly concave, and slightly step-wised near base) were observed in individuals from Way Canguk Forest and Sukaraja Forest., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 429, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["CSORBA, G., P. UJHELYI, and N. THOMAS. 2003. Horseshoe bats of the world (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Alana Ecology, Shropshire, xxxii + 160 pp.","SUYANTO, A., M. YONEDA, I. MARYANTO, MAHARADATUNKAMSI, and J. SUGARDJITO. 2002. Checklist of the mammals of Indonesia: scientific name and distribution area table in Indonesia including CITES, IUCN and Indonesian category for conservation, 2 nd edition. LIPI-JICA-PHKA, Bogor, vii + 63 pp.","SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529, in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3 rd edition (D. E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp.","FRANCIS, C. M. 2008. A guide to mammals of Southeast Asia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 392 pp."]}

Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797) Greater short-nosed fruit bat New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukabanjar Forest, Sukabanjar Village, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village. Previous records from Sumatra Throughout Sumatra (see detailed localities in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1991). Remarks This species is the largest Cynopterus species in the survey area. Bats were trapped with mist nets mainly in coffee plantations, but occasionally in forest gaps., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 421, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["KITCHENER, D. J., and I. MAHARADATUNKAMSI. 1991. Description of a new species of Cynopterus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 15: 307 - 363."]}

x. Key to Molossidae (* denotes records in Sumatra but not in BBSL) 1.1. Ear triangular; ear integument thin; FA 38 mm............................................ Mormopterus doriae * 1.2. Ear rounded; ear integument thick...................................................................... 2 2.1. Naked, only scattered hairs; FA 65–85 mm; BM 115–180 g................................. Cheiromeles torquatus 2.2. Hairy, fur thick; FA Chaerephon johorensis * 3.2. Interaural band of skin thin, not raised at center, no interaural pocket.......................................... 4 4.1. Dorsal fur predominantly reddish-brown; HF 11–13 mm; BM 16–22 g; one upper premolars; FA 41–46 mm... Mops mops * 4.2. Dorsal fur predominantly grayish-brown; HF 8–9 mm; BM 10–18 g; two upper premolars (P 2 very small and unicuspid); FA 40–50 mm...................................................................... Chaerephon plicatus *, Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 449, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617

Kerivoula hardwickii (Horsfield, 1824) Hardwicke’s woolly bat New records Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Sukabanjar Forest, Sukaraja Forest, Sumberjaya Village, Way Canguk Forest. New material Four individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Sukaraja Forest, 2♂♂ (MZB 35836, 35872); Sumberjaya Village, 1♀ (MZB 34961); Way Canguk Forest, 1♂ (MZB 35873). Previous records from Sumatra North and South Sumatra Provinces (van Strien, 1996); West Sumatra Province: Mentawai Islands (Simmons, 2005); Bengkulu Province: Enggano Island (Francis et al., 2007). Remarks This is a small grayish-brown Kerivoula species commonly found in the study area. All individuals were caught between 50–995 m a.s.l. in forest, except two, which were trapped in coffee plantations. Comparing with known brown Kerivoula species on the Sunda Shelf, its forearm length and body mass fall into the range of K. hardwickii (Table 3). It was smaller than K. papillosa, and slightly larger than K. whiteheadi. It overlapped with K. flora and K. lenis in forearm length but can be separated from this species by body mass. (Table 3). In K. whiteheadi the first two upper premolars are elongated, which they are not in K. hardwickii (Yasuma et al., 2003). In the present study, we assigned these bats to K. hardwickii, which is listed for Sumatra (Suyanto et al., 2002; Simmons, 2005)., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 431, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp.","SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529, in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3 rd edition (D. E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp.","FRANCIS, C. M., T. KINGSTON, and A. ZUBAID. 2007. A new species of Kerivoula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from peninsular Malaysia. Acta Chiropterologica, 9: 1 - 12.","YASUMA, S., M. AADAU, L. APIN, F. T. Y. YA, and L. KIMSUI. 2003. Identification Keys to the Mammals of Borneo. Sabah Parks and JICA, Kota Kinabalu, 85 pp.","SUYANTO, A., M. YONEDA, I. MARYANTO, MAHARADATUNKAMSI, and J. SUGARDJITO. 2002. Checklist of the mammals of Indonesia: scientific name and distribution area table in Indonesia including CITES, IUCN and Indonesian category for conservation, 2 nd edition. LIPI-JICA-PHKA, Bogor, vii + 63 pp."]}

ix. Key to Emballonuridae (* denotes records in Sumatra but not in BBSL) 1.1. FA 42–48 mm; 2 pairs of upper incisors and 3 pairs of lower incisors........................ Emballonura monticola 1.2. FA> 53 mm; 1 pair of upper incisors and 2 pairs of lower incisors............................................ 2 (Taphozous * / Saccolaimus * ) 2.1. FA 70–76 mm; no throat pouch; wing with well-developed radio-metacarpal pouch.............. Taphozous theobaldi * 2.2. FA 3.1. Chin furry; radio-metacarpal pouch well-developed; throat pouch in both genders; FA 60–68 mm; BM 23–36 g....................................................................................... Taphozous melanopogon * 3.2. Chin naked; radio-metacarpal pouch absent or small; throat pouch present in males but absent in females............. 4 4.1. FA 63–69 mm; BM> 35 g; leg naked or only sparsely furred; radio-metacarpal pouch absent or small.............................................................................................. Saccolaimus saccolaimus * 4.2. FA 55–63 mm; BM Taphozous longimanus *

x. Key to Molossidae (* denotes records in Sumatra but not in BBSL) 1.1. Ear triangular; ear integument thin; FA 38 mm............................................ Mormopterus doriae * 1.2. Ear rounded; ear integument thick...................................................................... 2 2.1. Naked, only scattered hairs; FA 65–85 mm; BM 115–180 g................................. Cheiromeles torquatus 2.2. Hairy, fur thick; FA 3.1. Interaural band of skin thick, rises vertically at center, forming a pocket between ears; FA 44–49 mm................................................................................................. Chaerephon johorensis * 3.2. Interaural band of skin thin, not raised at center, no interaural pocket.......................................... 4 4.1. Dorsal fur predominantly reddish-brown; HF 11–13 mm; BM 16–22 g; one upper premolars; FA 41–46 mm... Mops mops * 4.2. Dorsal fur predominantly grayish-brown; HF 8–9 mm; BM 10–18 g; two upper premolars (P 2 very small and unicuspid); FA 40–50 mm...................................................................... Chaerephon plicatus *

Macroglossus sobrinus Andersen, 1911 Greater long-nosed fruit bat New records Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village. New material Two individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Sumber Rejo Village, 2♂♂ (MZB 34967, 35837). Previous records from Sumatra West Sumatra Province: Mentawai Islands (Simmons, 2005). Remarks Macroglossus sobrinus was captured in both coffee plantations and forest. It can be distinguished from E. spelaea and Rousettus by smaller size and from the rest of pteropodid species by relatively narrower muzzle and longer tongue. An adult female with an infant were found roosting within the dead leaves of a banana tree in a coffee plantation in Sumber Rejo Village (JCCH, personal observation). It is distinguished from M. minimus by the absence of an internarial groove in the upper lip., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 425, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529, in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3 rd edition (D. E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp."]}

Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848 Dusky leaf-nosed bat New records Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Sumber Rejo Village. New material One individual was collected as a voucher specimen. Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest, 1♀ (MZB 34983). Previous records from Sumatra Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest (Khan, 2013). Remarks This small species can be distinguished from most Hipposideros by smaller body size (Table 2) and from H. doriae by presence of vertical septa in the posterior noseleaf. In comparison with species of the bicolor -group known for the Sunda Shelf, the body size and noseleaf shape were closest to those of H. ater, H. cineraceus, and H. dyacorum (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Yasuma et al., 2003; Francis, 2008). The internarial septum is pinkish or grayish purple, and the top half of the ear is rounded, contrasting with the darkish septum and triangular ears of H. dyacorum. The internarial septum is swollen at the base and gradually narrows towards the top, a condition similar to H. ater from Pahang state of Malaysia and different from H. cineraceus from Pahang, in which the internarial septum is swollen at the middle (Kingston et al., 2006) and H. dyacorum from Malaysia which is very narrow (Murray et al., 2012). Khan’s (2013) molecular analysis included one sample from Way Canguk Forest and found it to be genetically identical to the Java population of H. ater (as H. a. saevus -1 by the author). In our study area, it is smaller than H. bicolor (see species account below) but bigger than H. doriae, and can be distinguished from H. cervinus by absence of lateral leaflets on the muzzle and smaller body size., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 426, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["KHAN, F. A. A. 2013. Diversification of Old World bats in Southeast Asia: speciation and phylogeographic studies. PhD. Dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, ix + 257 pp.","CORBET, G. B., and J. E. HILL. 1992. The mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review. Natural History Museum Publications, Oxford, 488 pp.","YASUMA, S., M. AADAU, L. APIN, F. T. Y. YA, and L. KIMSUI. 2003. Identification Keys to the Mammals of Borneo. Sabah Parks and JICA, Kota Kinabalu, 85 pp.","FRANCIS, C. M. 2008. A guide to mammals of Southeast Asia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 392 pp.","KINGSTON, T., B. L. LIM, and A. ZUBAID. 2006. Bats of Krau Wildlife Reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 145 pp.","MURRAY, S. W., P. CAMPBELL, T. KINGSTON, A. ZUBAID, C. M. FRANCIS, and T. H. KUNZ. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of hipposiderid bats from Southeast Asia and evidence of cryptic diversity. Molecular Phylogentics and Evolution, 62: 597 - 661."]}

Cynopterus horsfieldii Gray, 1843 Horsfield’s fruit bat New records Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Lombok Village, Sidodadi Village, Sukabanjar Forest, Sukabanjar Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village. New material One individual was collected as a voucher specimen. Lampung Province: Sumber Rejo Village, 1♂ (MZB 34989). Previous records from Sumatra van Strien (1996) listed this species as present throughout Sumatra but without details of localities. Remarks Cynopterus horsfieldii was also a common pteropodid species in the survey area but less abundant than C. brachyotis and C. minutus. Abundance was higher in coffee plantations than in forest. It can be distinguished from other Cynopterus bats by the peg-like cusp on the 3rd and 4th lower cheek teeth., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 421, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp."]}

b. Genus Tylonycteris 1.1. BM 3–5 g; FA 24–31 mm............................................................ Tylonycteris pachypus 1.2. BM 7–10 g; FA 27–33 mm........................................................... Tylonycteris robustula, Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 448, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617

Cynopterus brachyotis (Müller, 1838) Lesser short-nosed fruit bat New records Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Lombok Village, Sidodadi Village, Sukabanjar Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sukaraja Village, Sumberjaya Village, Sumber Rejo Village. New material Six individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Sumberjaya Village, 1♀ (MZB 34971); Sumber Rejo Village, 4♂♂, 1♀ (MZB 34956, 34958, 34973, 34974, 35806). Previous records from Sumatra Throughout Sumatra (see detailed localities in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1991). Remarks In our study area, the C. brachyotis- like bats exhibit two distinct morphological forms. One has ears with a straight or slightly notched posterior edge, and has a larger body size; the ears of the other morph have a curved margin to the posterior edge and body size is smaller (Table 2). The two morphs also differed in habitat use; whereas the larger morph was usually abundant in disturbed habitats but rare within forested habitats, the capture rate of the small morph was generally high in all surveyed habitats. Notably, in contrast to the irritable and noisy behaviors of other Cynopterus species, most individuals of the small Cynopterus were generally calm and silent either in nets or during processing. Campbell et al. (2004) described five cytochrome b lineages of C. brachyotis complex in South and Southeast Asia, two of which were from the Sunda Shelf and described as Forest and Sunda lineages. The two Sunda Shelf C. brachyotis lineages also differ in body size and habitat use; C. brachyotis Forest lineage has a smaller forearm length (FA = 54.3–63.7 mm) and is associated with forest, contrasting with the larger C. brachyotis Sunda lineage (FA = 60.0–70.0 mm) associated with disturbed habitats. Nevertheless, the authors did not assign either to C. brachyotis because they were not able to make comparisons with type material (Campbell et al., 2004). Three following publications (Abdullah and Jayaraj, 2006; Jayaraj et al., 2012; Fong et al., 2013) confirmed the presence of two distinct morphs of ‘ C. brachyotis ’ in Malaysia and their ecological preferences in habitat. By a preliminary morphological comparison with the holotype of C. brachyotis, Abdullah and Jayaraj (2006) further suggested that Malaysia’s large morph was the nominate species and the small form is a different species. Interestingly, C. minutus, which was first described from the Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra, is similar in body size to the small forest C. brachyotis of Malaysia. Cynopterus minutus is commonly found on all the Greater Sunda Islands and is frequently sympatric with C. brachyotis (Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1991). Unlike the two Malaysian lineages, Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1991) reported overlap in radius length of C. minutus (52.9–61.9 mm) and C. brachyotis (54.7–66.7 mm) in Indonesia. However, the authors included juveniles and subadults in their samples (Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1991), which may have smaller forearm lengths (Elangovan et al., 2003). The taxonomic relationship between C. minutus and the small forest C. brachyotis remains unclear. Given the above, we regard the two morphs of C. brachyotis- like bats in our study as different species, and assign the large morph to C. brachyotis (as C. brachyotis Sunda in Campbell et al., 2004). Our samples of the small round-eared Cynopterus are comparable in forearm length (56.5–61.6 mm, x = 57.2 mm) to both C. minutus (52.9–61.9 mm, x = 57.5 mm — Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1991) and C. brachyotis Forest (54.3–63.7 mm, x = 58.1 mm — Campbell et al., 2004), and C. cf. brachyotis Forest (Jayaraj et al., 2012). Similar to C. minutus in using both primary forest and disturbed habitats (IUCN, 2013), the small Cynopterus from BBSL is also a habitat generalist, which differs from C. brachyotis Forest, a forest specialist (Campbell et al., 2004; Abdullah and Jayaraj, 2006; Jayaraj et al., 2012). Although the previous studies do not provide for comparisons of behavior and ear shape in C. minutus and C. brachyotis Forest, we tentatively regard the small form as C. minutus based on similarities of body size and habitat use. Cynopterus brachyotis (the large form) was the most abundant pteropodid species in the study area. Capture rates were usually high in coffee plantations, forest edges and river habitats but low within forests. In our study area, C. brachyotis can be distinguished from C. sphinx by shorter ears (C. brachyotis and> 18.0 mm in C. sphinx) and from C. horsfieldii by the absence of peg-like cusps on the lower cheek teeth and ear shape (straight or slightly notched at posterior edge in C. brachyotis, strongly notched in C. horsfieldii)., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 419, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["KITCHENER, D. J., and I. MAHARADATUNKAMSI. 1991. Description of a new species of Cynopterus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 15: 307 - 363.","CAMPBELL, P., C. J. SCHNEIDER, A. M. ADNAN, A. ZUBAID, and T. H. KUNZ. 2004. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33: 764 - 781.","ABDULLAH, M. T., and V. K. JAYARAJ. 2006. Preliminary investigation on the relationship of the nominate C. brachyotis with the small-sized and large-sized C. brachyotis using clustering analysis. The Sarawak Museum Journal, 62: 223 - 236","JAYARAJ, V. K., C. J. LAMAN, and M. T. ABDULLAH. 2012. A predictive model to differentiate the fruit bats Cynopterus brachyotis and C. cf. brachyotis forest (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Malaysia using multivariate analysis. Zoological Studies, 51: 259 - 271.","FONG, P. H., E. YUZINE, and M. T. ABDULLAH. 2013. Genetic variations and population structure of the genus Cynopterus in Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 36: 225 - 248.","ELANGOVAN, V., E. Y. S. PRIYA, H. RAGHURAM, and G. MARIMUTHU. 2003. Postnatal development in the Indian short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx: growth rate and age estimation. Acta Chiropterologica, 5: 107 - 116.","IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. . Last accessed on 4 th July 2013."]}

viii. Keys to subfamilies of Vespertilionidae (* denotes records in Sumatra but not in BBSL, # marks records from BBSL only) 1.1. Nostrils tubular, openings directed laterally........................................... subfamily Murininae (A) 1.2. Nostrils not tubular, openings directed frontally........................................................... 2 2.1. Ear funnel-shaped; tragus very long, thin, and sharply pointed.......................... subfamily Kerivoulinae (B) 2.2. Ear shape various but not funnel-shaped; tragus shape and length various, but never as thin as in Kerivoulinae......... 3 3.1. Three pairs of upper premolars (two in M. ridleyi); tragus moderately pointed and only slightly bent forward........................................................................................... subfamily Myotinae (C) 3.2. One or two pairs of upper premolars; tragus usually not pointed (if pointed, then very sharply bent forward; see Scotophilus).......................................................................... subfamily Vespertilioninae (D)

Hipposideros bicolor (Temminck, 1834) Bicolored leaf-nosed bat New record Lampung Province: Sukaraja Forest, Sumber Rejo Village. Previous records from Sumatra North Sumatra Province: Bua Bua, Enggano Island (belong to Nias Islands) (as H. gentilis major in Andersen, 1918, but see Douangboubpha et al., 2010); Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest (Khan, 2013). Remarks This is a medium-sized species of the bicolor group with forearm length ranging from 43.8 to 47.1 mm (n = 15) and ear length from 15.4 to 19.7 mm (n = 11). There are two bicolor -group species from mainland Southeast Asia which overlap in forearm and ear length, namely Hipposideros bicolor (as H. bicolor 131 kHz in Kingston et al., 2001) and H. atrox (as H. bicolor 142 kHz in Kingston et al., 2001), which are both confirmed from Sumatra (Douangboubpha et al., 2010). In the past, the similarity of external traits and the unclear taxonomic relationships among geographic populations has made identification in the field difficult. Previous studies suggest that peak frequency of the echolocation call (F MAXE, frequency with maximum energy of a call) is a diagnostic trait distinguishing H. bicolor (127.0–134.4 kHz with a mean [x] of 131 kHz in Kingston et al., 2006 and 129.0–135.1 kHz, x = 132.1 kHz in Douangboubpha et al., 2010) and H. atrox (138.0–144.0 kHz, x = 141 kHz in Kingston et al., 2006 and 135.1–146.7 kHz, x = 142.3 kHz in Douangboubpha et al., 2010). However, echolocation calls recorded in the present study (F MAXE 133.0–138.4 kHz, x = 136.8 kHz, n = 7) are partially in the acoustic mid-space between H. bicolor and H. atrox. Based on molecular analyses, Khan (2013) concluded that the bicolor -group bat from Way Canguk Forest is the same species as H. bicolor (H. bicolor 131 kHz) from Central Java, Borneo, and Peninsular Malaysia (as H. bicolor - 2 in Khan, 2013, median values of F MAXE: 131–133 kHz), although echolocation data were unavailable for the Way Canguk bats in that study. In the present study, we tentatively assign all our bicolor -like bats as H. bicolor, as suggested by Khan (2013)., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 427, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["ANDERSEN, K. 1918. Diagnoses of new bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9), 2: 374 - 384.","DOUANGBOUBPHA, B., S. BUMRUNGSRI, P. SOISOOK, C. SATA- SOOK, N. M. THOMAS, and P. J. J. BATE. 2010. A taxonomic review of the Hipposideros bicolor species complex and H. pomona (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Thailand. Acta Chiropterologica, 12: 415 - 438.","KHAN, F. A. A. 2013. Diversification of Old World bats in Southeast Asia: speciation and phylogeographic studies. PhD. Dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, ix + 257 pp.","KINGSTON, T., M. C. LARA, G. JONES, A. ZUBAID, T. H. KUNZ, and C. J. SCHNEIDER. 2001. Acoustic divergence in two cryptic Hipposideros species: a role for social selection? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 268 B: 1381 - 1386.","KINGSTON, T., B. L. LIM, and A. ZUBAID. 2006. Bats of Krau Wildlife Reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 145 pp."]}

Myotis cf. borneoensis Hill and Francis, 1984 Bornean whiskered myotis New record New to Sumatra. Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest. Remarks This is a medium-large brown Myotis species (FA = 45.8 mm) with wing membrane attached to the base of the toes. One adult male was collected by previous researchers from Gimbar 2 cave in Way Canguk Forest (MZB 35012). Comparing with known species on the Sunda Shelf, this bat most likely belongs to the montivagus species complex, which has not been recorded yet in Sumatra. Based on differences in forearm length and craniodental characters, Görföl et al. (2013) recognized four species in the montivagus species complex from Asia, including M. borneoensis, M. federatus, M. montivagus, and M. peytoni. Only M. borneoensis (Borneo) and M. federatus (Peninsular Malaysia) were reported from the Sunda Shelf, with M. montivagus known from South China and North Myanmar, and M. peytoni from India (Görföl et al., 2013). Our sample exhibits characteristics of each species except M. federatus, but we tentatively assign it to M. borneoensis based on cranial characters (separation between P 2 and P 4 and the length of the anteorbital bridge) and distribution. Further comparison and molecular analyses are necessary to clarify the taxonomic status of this species. In our study area, it can be easily identified from other known Myotis species by its larger forearm length., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 434, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["GORFOL, T., P. ESTOK, and G. CSORBA. 2013. The subspecies of Myotis montivagus - taxonomic revision and species limits (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 59: 41 - 59."]}

xi. Key to Rhinopomatidae (* denotes records in Sumatra but not in BBSL) This family is represented by single genus, Rhinopoma. R. microphylum * is the only species known in Sumatra, FA 62–75 mm; nostrils flat, no swellings., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 449, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617

C. Keys to species of subfamily Myotinae 1.1. Wing membrane with conspicuous black and orange coloration; FA 56–60 mm...................... Myotis hermani * 1.2. Wing membrane brown or gray-based; FA ≤ 46 mm........................................................ 2 2.1. Wing membrane attached at the base of toes............................................................. 3 2.2. Wing membrane attached to ankle or side of feet.......................................................... 7 3.1. FA 27–30 mm; 2 pairs of upper premolars; fur short and dense; BM 4.0– 6.5 g........................ Myotis ridleyi * 3.2. FA> 30 mm; 3 pairs of upper premolars................................................................. 4 4.1. FA 42–46 mm; BM 9–14 g.......................................................... Myotis cf. borneoensis # 4.2. FA ≤ 39 mm; BM ≤ 8 g.............................................................................. 5 5.1. P 3 is in line with the toothrow; FA 33–36 mm................................................ Myotis muricola 5.2. P 3 is displaced inwards of the toothrow.................................................................. 6 6.1. FA 34–39 mm............................................................................. Myotis ater * 6.2. FA 31–35.5 mm........................................................................... Myotis sp. 1 # 7.1. Wing attached to the side of foot; FA 33–42 mm............................................. Myotis horsfieldii # 7.2. Wing attached to ankle or tibia or wing membrane narrows near ankle and forms a prolonged strip inserting to the metatarsus............................................................................................. 8 8.1. P 3 in line (or nearly) with the toothrow; wing attached to ankle or tibia; FA 39–40 mm............... Myotis adversus * 8.2. P 3 is more or less intruded from toothrow................................................................ 9 9.1. P 3 commonly strongly reduced or absent. If present, completely intruded from toothrow and adjacent to the interior edge of P 2 and P 4; P 2 and P 4 in contact or nearly so; P 3 crown area is 0–1/3 of P 2; wing membrane attaches to ankle; FA 38–43 mm.................................................................................. Myotis hasseltii * 9.2. P 3 present, less reduced, only partially intruded from toothrow; P 2 and P 4 completely separated; P 3 crown area c.1/3 of P 2; wing membrane narrows near ankle and forms a prolonged strip inserting to the metatarsus; FA 38–39 mm... Myotis sp. 2 #, Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on pages 447-448, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617

Glischropus sp. New record Lampung Province: Sukabanjar Forest. New material One individual was collected as a voucher specimen. Lampung Province: Sukabanjar Forest, 1♂ (MZB 35030). Remarks This was a small Pipistrellus -like bat (FA = 32.1 mm; BM = 4.8 g) caught with a harp trap adjacent to a small stream near the edge of disturbed forest at Sukabanjar at an elevation of 743 m a.s.l. The only known Glischropus species in Sumatra, G. tylopus, is smaller in forearm length (27.9–30.9 mm). Instead, the forearm length falls into the size range of G. bucephalus (FA = 32.1–35.7 mm) in Cambodia and is similar to G. javanus (FA = 32.0 mm) in Java (Csorba, 2011). The fur is dark gray basally with light brown tips on the upperparts, and the fur of the underparts is dark brown at the base and grayish brown to the tips. The cranial and external characters of this Glischropus are more similar to G. bucephalus than the other two species (G. Csorba, personal communication). Genetic analysis and study of craniodental traits are necessary to confirm its taxonomic status., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 436, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["CSORBA, G. 2011. A new species of Glischropus from the Indochinese Subregion (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Zootaxa, 2925: 41 - 48."]}

Pipistrellus stenopterus (Dobson, 1875) Narrow-winged pipistrelle New records Lampung Province: Sumberjaya Village, Sumber Rejo Village. New material Four individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Sumber Rejo Village, 1♂ (MZB 35807); Sumberjaya Village, 1♂, 2♀♀ (MZB 34962, 34963, 34975). Previous records from Sumatra Lampung Province: Krui (Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993); North Sumatra Province: Bada village (van Strien, 1996). Remarks This is a large Pipistrellus species (Table 2). Three individuals were caught at c. 950 m a.s.l. with a mist net set between two artificial ponds surrounded by coffee bushes. Another individual was caught with a harp trap in a coffee-rubber mixed plantation at an elevation of ca. 50 m a.s.l. In our samples, the species seems to exhibit sexual dimorphism in color and size. The females had reddishbrown fur and a shorter tibia (15.6 and 16.2 mm), whereas the males were grayish brown and had a slightly longer tibia (16.6 and 17.8 mm)., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 437, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["SIBUEA, T. T. H., and D. HERDIMANSYAH. 1993. The variety of mammal species in the agroforest areas of Krui (Lampung), Muara Bungo (Jambi), and Maninjau (West Sumatra). ORSTROM-BIOTROP Report, Bogor, vii + 77 pp.","VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp."]}

Eonycteris spelaea (Dobson, 1871) Lesser dawn bat New records Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang Village, Lombok Village, Sukabanjar Village, Sidodadi Village, Sukaraja Village, Sukaraja Forest, Sumberjaya Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. New material Two individuals were collected as voucher specimens. Lampung Province: Sumberjaya Village, 1♂, 1♀ (MZB 34959, 34960). Previous records from Sumatra North Sumatra Province: caves near Kotabuluh and Rampah (Whitten et al., 2000); West Sumatra Province: Mininjau (Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993); and throughout Sumatra as detailed in van Strien (1996). Remarks Eonycteris spelaea was common throughout the study area, but more abundant in coffee plantations than in forest. One individual was caught with mist nets above the Way Canguk River. It is easily distinguished from other pteropodids by the lack of a claw on the second finger. Individuals were observed feeding on flowers of kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) in Sumber Rejo Village (JCCH, personal observation). It has been recorded roosting with Rousettus bats in a cave in Way Canguk Forest (MN, unpublished data)., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on pages 421-425, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["WHITTEN, A. J., S. J. DAMNIK, J. ANWAR, and N. HISYAM. 2000. Chapter Ten: caves. Pp. 313 - 336, in The ecology of Sumatra, 1 st periplus edition. Tuttle Publishing, North Clarendo, xxxix + 478 pp.","SIBUEA, T. T. H., and D. HERDIMANSYAH. 1993. The variety of mammal species in the agroforest areas of Krui (Lampung), Muara Bungo (Jambi), and Maninjau (West Sumatra). ORSTROM-BIOTROP Report, Bogor, vii + 77 pp.","VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp."]}

Murina suilla (Temminck, 1840) Brown tube-nosed bat New record Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest. Previous records from Sumatra Only listed for Sumatra (van Strien, 1996; Simmons, 2005), but no locality records given. Remarks Three individuals of M. suilla were captured in harp traps in Way Canguk Forest. Our captures were the first records of this small Murina species (FA = 28.4–33.0 mm; BM = 3.8–5.0 g) with a confirmed locality in Sumatra. M. suilla can be distinguished from M. peninsularis and Harpiocephalus harpia by the smaller body size and from M. rozendaali by differences in fur color and dental characters (see M. rozendaali account for details)., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 434, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp.","SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529, in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3 rd edition (D. E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp."]}

Megaderma spasma (Linnaeus, 1758) Lesser false vampire bat New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukabanjar Village, Sukaraja Forest, Way Canguk Forest. New material One individual was collected as a voucher specimen. Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest, 1♀ (MZB 35838). Previous records from Sumatra North Sumatra Province: a cave near Batu Katak (Whitten et al., 2000); Lampung Province: Krui (Sibuea and Herdimansyah, 1993). Remarks Megaderma spasma was caught with mist nets and harp traps between 50–642 m a.s.l. in primary rainforest, secondary forest, and coffee plantations. Individuals were observed flying, Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 431, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["WHITTEN, A. J., S. J. DAMNIK, J. ANWAR, and N. HISYAM. 2000. Chapter Ten: caves. Pp. 313 - 336, in The ecology of Sumatra, 1 st periplus edition. Tuttle Publishing, North Clarendo, xxxix + 478 pp.","SIBUEA, T. T. H., and D. HERDIMANSYAH. 1993. The variety of mammal species in the agroforest areas of Krui (Lampung), Muara Bungo (Jambi), and Maninjau (West Sumatra). ORSTROM-BIOTROP Report, Bogor, vii + 77 pp."]}

Emballonura monticola Temminck, 1838 Lesser sheath-tailed bat New records Lampung Province: Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. Previous records from Sumatra North Sumatra Province: Nias Island; West Sumatra Province: Mentawai Islands (Simmons, 2005). Remarks In Way Canguk Forest, we recorded E. monticola roosting in the Gimbar 1 cave with H. larvatus, but using separate chambers, as well as under a dormitory of the WCS research station. Individuals identified by their distinctive echolocation calls were observed foraging closing to the height of the tree crown (10–15 m) at the edge of coffee plantations. It can be distinguished from E. alecto by the presence of a gap between the first two upper premolars (Corbet and Hill, 1996)., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 439, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529, in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3 rd edition (D. E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp."]}

i. Key to families of Chiroptera (* denotes records in Sumatra but not in Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape (BBSL)) 1.1. Dog-like face; 2nd finger with claw (except genus Eonycteris); ear simple without tragus or antitragus, margin of ear forming ring............................................................................... Pteropodidae (ii) 1.2. Face not dog-like; 2nd finger without claw; ear complex with tragus inside or antitragus on the margin............... 2 2.1. Face complicated, with leaf-like structure or grooves on face................................................ 3 2.2. Face simple........................................................................................ 6 3.1. Ear with antitragus.................................................................................. 4 3.2. Ear with tragus..................................................................................... 5 4.1. Intermediate noseleaf has a projection (sella) between nostrils; posterior noseleaf (lancet) more or less triangular; upper edge of antitragus rounded or flat............................................................. Rhinolophidae (iii) 4.2. Intermediate noseleaf without a sella; posterior noseleaf generally flat; upper edge of antitragus pointed posteriorly (rounded in genus Coelops *).................................................................... Hipposideridae (iv) 5.1. Tragus long and bifurcate; without grooves on face; tail not visible externally; interfemoral membrane reduced; ears joined across the top of head................................................................. Megadermatidae (v) 5.2. Tragus short and not bifurcated; groove runs down the center of the face, from between eyes to the nostrils; tail long, last caudal vertebra V or T shaped; interfemoral membrane large; ears not joined across head............... Nycteridae (vi) 6.1. Tail completely or almost fully enclosed within interfemoral membrane........................................ 7 6.2. Terminal part of tail protruding out of interfemoral membrane................................................ 8 7.1. Length of 1st phalange of 3rd finger, Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 444, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617

Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) Geoffroy’s rousette bat New records Lampung Province: Lombok Village, Sukabanjar Village, Sukaraja Village, Sumber Rejo Village, Way Canguk Forest. Previous records from Sumatra West Sumatra: Mentawai Islands; Bengkulu Province: Enggano Island; Lampung Province: Kalianda (Rookmaaker and Bergmans, 1981). Remarks All R. amplexicaudatus were caught with mist nets set at 564–722 m a.s.l. in coffee plantations, and in Way Canguk Forest., Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 426, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["ROOKMAAKER, L. C., and W. BERGMANS. 1981. Taxonomy and geography of Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) with comparative notes on sympatric congeners (Mammalia, Megachiroptera). Beaufortia, 31: 1 - 29."]}

Nycteris tragata (Van der Hoeven, 1855) Malayan slit-faced bat New records Lampung Province: Kuyung Arang, Lombok Village, Sukabanjar Forest, Sukaraja Forest, Way Canguk Forest. Previous records from Sumatra South Sumatra Province: Palembang (van Strien, 1996). Remarks Two and three individuals of Nycteris were caught with mist nets and harp traps, respectively, between 50–881 m a.s.l. in primary rainforest, secondary regrowth forest, and coffee plantations. The forearm lengths of our samples fall into the ranges of both N. tragata and N. javanica (Corbet and Hill, 1992). However, measurements of the greatest length of skull (GLS) of three museum specimens from Way Canguk (MZB 35009, 35758, 35828) ranged from 22.1–22.8 mm, suggesting that they are N. tragata (GLS> 21.0 mm) rather than N. javanica (GLS, Published as part of Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, pp. 413-449 in Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2) on page 431, DOI: 10.3161/150811014X687369, http://zenodo.org/record/3943617, {"references":["VAN STRIEN, N. J. 1996. The checklist mammal fauna of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Pp. 133 - 203, in Leuser: a Sumatran sanctuary (C. P. VAN SCHAIK and J. SUPRIATNA, eds.). Yayasan Bina Sains Hayati Indonesia, Depok, iv + 348 pp.","CORBET, G. B., and J. E. HILL. 1992. The mammals of the Indomalayan Region: a systematic review. Natural History Museum Publications, Oxford, 488 pp."]}