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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221112343 for Dual antiplatelet therapy with cilostazol in stroke patients with extracranial arterial stenosis or without arterial stenosis: A subgroup analysis of the CSPS.com trial by Shinichiro Uchiyama, Kazunori Toyoda, Satomi Okamura, Katsuhiro Omae, Haruhiko Hoshino, Kazumi Kimura, Kazuo Kitagawa, Kazuo Minematsu and Takenori Yamaguchi in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221096953 for Reclassification and risk stratification of embolic stroke of undetermined source by ASCOD phenotyping by Takao Hoshino, Takafumi Mizuno, Ayako Nishimura, Kentaro Ishizuka, Sono Toi, Shuntaro Takahashi, Sho Wako and Kazuo Kitagawa in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221112343 for Dual antiplatelet therapy with cilostazol in stroke patients with extracranial arterial stenosis or without arterial stenosis: A subgroup analysis of the CSPS.com trial by Shinichiro Uchiyama, Kazunori Toyoda, Satomi Okamura, Katsuhiro Omae, Haruhiko Hoshino, Kazumi Kimura, Kazuo Kitagawa, Kazuo Minematsu and Takenori Yamaguchi in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221096953 for Reclassification and risk stratification of embolic stroke of undetermined source by ASCOD phenotyping by Takao Hoshino, Takafumi Mizuno, Ayako Nishimura, Kentaro Ishizuka, Sono Toi, Shuntaro Takahashi, Sho Wako and Kazuo Kitagawa in International Journal of Stroke

Background and Purpose-Atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly recognized as the single most important cause of disabling ischemic stroke in the elderly. We undertook an international survey to characterize the frequency of AF-associated stroke, methods of AF detection, and patient features. Methods-Consecutive patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke in 2013 to 2014 were surveyed from 19 stroke research centers in 19 different countries. Data were analyzed by global regions and World Bank income levels. Results-Of 2144 patients with ischemic stroke, 590 (28%; 95% confidence interval, 25.6-29.5) had AF-associated stroke, with highest frequencies in North America (35%) and Europe (33%) and lowest in Latin America (17%). Most had a history of AF before stroke (15%) or newly detected AF on electrocardiography (10%); only 2% of patients with ischemic stroke had unsuspected AF detected by poststroke cardiac rhythm monitoring. The mean age and 30-day mortality rate of patients with AF-associated stroke (75 years; SD, 11.5 years; 10%; 95% confidence interval, 7.6-12.6, respectively) were substantially higher than those of patients without AF (64 years; SD, 15.58 years; 4%; 95% confidence interval, 3.3-5.4; P75 years old) and more often women.

AIMS: Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) predicts cardiovascular (CVD) events, but the predictive value of CIMT change is debated. We assessed the relation between CIMT change and events in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: From 31 cohorts with two CIMT scans (total n = 89070) on average 3.6 years apart and clinical follow-up, subcohorts were drawn: (A) individuals with at least 3 cardiovascular risk factors without previous CVD events, (B) individuals with carotid plaques without previous CVD events, and (C) individuals with previous CVD events. Cox regression models were fit to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of the combined endpoint (myocardial infarction, stroke or vascular death) per standard deviation (SD) of CIMT change, adjusted for CVD risk factors. These HRs were pooled across studies. In groups A, B and C we observed 3483, 2845 and 1165 endpoint events, respectively. Average common CIMT was 0.79mm (SD 0.16mm), and annual common CIMT change was 0.01mm (SD 0.07mm), both in group A. The pooled HR per SD of annual common CIMT change (0.02 to 0.43mm) was 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.95-1.02) in group A, 0.98 (0.93-1.04) in group B, and 0.95 (0.89-1.04) in group C. The HR per SD of common CIMT (average of the first and the second CIMT scan, 0.09 to 0.75mm) was 1.15 (1.07-1.23) in group A, 1.13 (1.05-1.22) in group B, and 1.12 (1.05-1.20) in group C. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that common CIMT is associated with future CVD events in individuals at high risk. CIMT change does not relate to future event risk in high-risk individuals.