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With advances in technology coupled with Industry 4.0, it has become a reality to provide real time information along with monitoring 3D printing process remotely. The unique benefits associated with additive manufacturing (AM) is its potential to produce complex-shaped personalized products with reduced material waste, fewer cost of manufacture, lesser consumption of energy during manufacturing, while allowing in producing the products on-demand. This paper covers the features of cloud-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) by describing about Sustainable Distributed Manufacturing, Automated Order-Processing, Smart resource efficiency improvement, Big data-driven, smart and sustainable manufacturing, resource sharing between different stakeholders, rapid product development with cloud-based AM Platform (CAMP) and cloud-based manufacturing process monitoring. The paper aims to study the recent advances that took place in cloud-based AM and enlist its salient features to help researchers and manufacturing industry adopt the same and get the basic information. Big data-driven, smart and sustainable manufacturing is the present need of manufacturing at its full potential with secure, real-time communication and intelligent process monitoring and diagnostics.

This research paper aims to analyze and compare the consumer behavior of high school-going youth in rural and urban settings. The study recognizes that consumer behavior is influenced by various factors, including cultural, social, economic and environmental aspects. By examining the similarities and differences in consumer behavior between rural and urban areas, this research will provide valuable insights for marketeers, policymakers and businesses targeting the youth segment. The findings can be utilized to develop targeted marketing strategies and initiatives to meet the unique needs and preferences of this consumer group. Keywords: Consumer Behavior, High School Youth, Rural Setting, Youth in Urban Setting.

Cost-effectively extending access to core financial services for underserved communities is what we mean when we talk about "financial inclusion." Increased growth, less inequality, and less poverty are all outcomes of this facet of financial development. Financial exclusion may be a result of a number of factors, including but not limited to poor wages, the gender gap, lack of knowledge about disadvantaged groups, a lack of financial literacy, geographical isolation, and cultural obstacles. Along with numerous changes and the growth of the digital infrastructure, there have been gains in the level of inclusion, particularly during the last decade. Nonetheless, there are still matters that call for preventative steps on the part of the government. Keywords: Marginalised Groups, Inequality, Poverty, Gender Gap, Inclusiveness, Digital Infrastructure.

The automation has a vital role in making the execution faster with better efficiency. In airport luggage sorting system the automation can be very helpful in sorting and identifying the luggage economically at faster rate. The authors have tried to implement a novel technique not only in terms of applying the robotic system for sorting but also a new sorting technique implemented with robot. The techniques like radio frequency identification (RFID) detection-based sorting with robots have been a challenge to implement. Therefore, the proposed technique called as Voltage ID (VID) mapped based sorting can be easy to implent. The wide range of voltage IDs can be generated with respect to varying baggage weight on different cities conveyors at the airport. This developed system can be applied for 20 different cities without the use of additional board. The authors have tried to make the system flexible so that it can be implemented not only in airport industry but also in the bus industry and related industries where luggage handling is involved.

Aim: Pitting corrosion is a very serious problem for mild steel when it comes in contact with the dilute sulfuric acid medium. Specialized corrosion inhibitors are essentially required to minimize pitting and uniform types of corrosion in mild steel. Background: Most of the corrosion inhibitors discovered so far protects the mild steel from uniform type of corrosion. But pitting corrosion is more fatal than a uniform type of corrosion because it immediately makes mild steel unfit for use as leakage starts from the pit. Objective: The objective was to protect the mild steel alloys from pitting corrosion when comes in contact with dilute sulfuric acid by the use of organic corrosion inhibitor. Methods: Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) is tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.1 N H2SO4 as corroding medium at 25.0, 30.0 and 35.0°C by weight loss, electrochemical polarization, and Impedance spectroscopy methods. Surface study of corroded and un-corroded specimens of mild steel was carried out by Metallurgical Research Microscopy (MRM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. Results: Surface study confirms that the adsorption of CTAB takes place through nitrogen atom resulting in the formation of uniform, nonporous, passive film confirmed by decrease in Warburg Impedance (Zw), decrease in Faradaic current, increase in Capacitive current, an increase in charge transfer resistance, Rct (41 to 401 Ω cm2) and significant increase in capacitive loop in Nyquist plot with increase in concentration of CTAB which results in significant decrease in corrosion rate of mild steel in 0.1N H2SO4 medium (percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency: 95.0%) especially eradicating pitting type of corrosion. Conclusion: CTAB was proved to be a very good anti-pit agent for mild steel in 0.1N sulfuric acid medium. Pitting and uniform type of corrosion was significantly reduced by the use of CTAB as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in the dilute sulfuric acid medium at 25.0, 30.0 and 35.0°C.

Background: Due to newly emerging microbial infections and the development of resistance against cutting-edge therapeutics, innovative and robust medicinal agents are required. Small ring heterocycles, such as pyrazole and its derivatives have been acknowledged to possess myriad biological properties and the presence of pyrazole in clinics like celecoxib, phenylbutazone (anti-inflammatory), CDPPB (antipsychotic), rimonabant (anti-obesity), antipyrine, difenamizole (analgesic), fipronil (broad-spectrum insecticidal), betazole (H2-receptor agonist) and fezolamide (antidepressant) drugs has proven the pharmacological perspective of pyrazole nucleus. Objectives: The current review paper aimed at a recent update made on novel methodologies adopted in the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives with the emphasis on antibacterial (DNA gyrase inhibition) and antifungal activities. Methods: Pyrazole is one of the major tools to be investigated in drug design and discovery. Many studies have been reported by researchers that have claimed the significant biological potential of these derivatives. However, numerous studies on pyrazoles compounds shown to exhibit potential antifungal and antibacterial activities, the focus has also been made on DNA gyrase inhibition. Additionally, some important patents granted to this heterocyclic nucleus related to antimicrobial potential are also addressed appropriately. Results: DNA gyrase is a promising biotarget yet to be explored against a number of medicinal agents. The present work provides valuable insight into synthetic methods and antibacterials/antifungal significance of pyrazoles in general as well as new inhibitors of DNA gyrase in particular. Conclusion: The manuscript constitutes a valuable reference which advocates candidature of pyrazoles as a potential therapeutic alternative as antibacterial and antifungal agent.

In binary systems, the helium accretion onto carbon-oxygen (CO) white dwarfs (WDs) plays a vital role in many astrophysical scenarios, especially in supernovae type Ia. Moreover, ignition density for accretion rate $\dot{M} \lesssim 10^{-9} M_{\odot}$ $yr^{-1}$ in helium accreting CO white dwarfs decides the triggering mechanism of a supernova explosion which could be either off-centre helium flash or central carbon flash. We aim to study the accretion of helium with a slow accretion rate $5 \times 10^{-10} M_{\odot}$ $yr^{-1}$ onto relatively cool and hot white dwarfs of different abundances of carbon and oxygen. The simulation code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) has been used for our study. We analyze the variation in several properties like surface gravity (g), helium luminosity ($L_{He}$), and effective temperature ($T_{eff}$) during the accretion phase of the white dwarfs. We also calculate the ignition density (${\rho}_{He}$) and ignition temperature ($T_{He}$) of helium burning. As expected, the size of WD decreases and g increases during the accretion. However, a red-giant-like expansion is observed after the rapid ignition towards the end. The dependence of helium accreting WD evolution on its composition has also been explored in this study. We find that white dwarfs of the lower abundance of carbon accrete slightly longer before the onset of helium ignition., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures

Designers and artists world-wide rely on vector graphics to design and edit 2D artwork, illustrations and typographic content. There is a recent trend of vector graphic applications moving to mobile platforms such as iPads, iPhone and mobile phones and with that there is new interest in optimised techniques of rendering vector graphics on these devices. These vector applications are not read only but also requires real time vector editing experience. Our solution builds upon standard 'stencil then cover' paradigm and develops an algorithm targeted for GPUs based on tile based deferred rendering architecture. Our technique provides an efficient way to use signed distance based anti-aliasing techniques with 'stencil then cover' paradigm by employing a state machine during the fragment shader stage of graphics pipeline., Eurographics 2021 - Posters, Posters, 1, 2, Harish Kumar and Anmol Sud, CCS Concepts: Computing methodologies --> Antialiasing; Rasterization

The $f$-$d$ magnetic exchange interaction is considered to be a key ingredient for many exotic topological phases in pyrochlore iridates. Here, we have investigated the evolution of structural, magnetic and electronic properties in doped pyrochlore iridate, (Y$_{1-x}$Pr$_x$)$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$. Apart from geometrical frustration, pyrochlore iridates are well known for its active spin-orbit coupling effect. The substitution of Pr$^{3+}$ (4$f^2$) for the nonmagnetic Y$^{3+}$ (4$d^0$) acts as a magnetic doping, which provides an ideal platform to study $f$-$d$ exchange interaction without altering the Ir-sublattice. With Pr substitution, system retains its original cubic structural symmetry but the local structural parameters show an evolution with the doping concentration $x$. The robust magnetic-insulating state in Y$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ is drastically weakened, while Pr$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ ($x$ = 1.0) shows a paramagnetic-metallic behavior. A metal-insulator transition is observed for $x$ = 0.8 sample. This evolution of magnetic and electronic properties are believed to be induced by an exchange interaction between localized Pr-4$f$ and itinerant Ir-5$d$ electrons as well as by an increased hybridization between Ir-$t_{2g}$ and (basal) O-$p$ orbitals as observed in XAS study. The resistivity in insulating materials follows a power-law behavior with a decreasing exponent with $x$. A negative magnetoresistance is observed for present series of samples at low temperature and where the magnetoresistance shows a quadratic field dependence at higher fields., Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. B, 10 pages, 10 figures

Introduction. Charcot arthropathy (CA) is non-infective, chronic destructive condition affecting the pes architecture of long standing diabetic patients with neuropathy. Even though several theories have emerged to disclose its pathogenesis, inflammatory cytokine induced osteoclastogenesis stands as the chief culprit. Studies on micro-architecture of foot bones of acute stage CA patients, describes mainly destructive phase of bone remodelling. Increased osteoclast cell activity is reported in all studies communicated. No study has to the best of our knowledge detailed the microscopic structure of chronic stage CA foot bones. Aim. To study the microscopic structure of foot bones in patients with chronic CA. Materials and methods. Foot bones were collected from the feet of chronic CA patients (six in number) who underwent corrective foot surgery in the department of Podiatric Surgery of a tertiary care hospital. Control samples were collected from the feet of age matched non-diabetic controls (2 in number). The samples were fixed in formalin, decalcified in 10% nitric acid, processed, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Histopathology and histomorphometry analysis were performed by two different pathologists. Results. Trabeculae of chronic CA foot bones exhibited mainly a lamellar architecture, with reduced number of osteocytes and plenty of empty lacunae. Trabecular connectivity was lost and trabeculae showed considerable thinning. Trabecular osteoids lined by active osteoblast cells was a remarkable observation. Bone area was also considerably reduced in chronic CA foot bones. Conclusion. Chronic stage CA foot bones presented features of both healing and fragile bone. The compromised bone quality may be due to thin and fragmented trabecular structure and reduced cellularity.

Background/Objectives: Non-traditional machining is nowadays widely used in industrial as well as research areas to increase both machining accuracy as well as machining efficiency. Non-traditional methods of machining are well known for machining hard fragile materials having complex shapes and complex mechanical properties. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: With regard to the machining of such materials the review paper has been presented including chemical machining techniques used by the researchers to achieve the higher machining efficiency and better removal rate. Findings: To bring such materials under industrial use number of machining techniques falling under the category of non-traditional machining is implemented. One of the oldest such technique is chemical machining or chemically assisted machining which include a chemical reaction for oxidizing the material surface which makes material removal easier. Improvements/Applications: This paper presents the effects of chemical machining on surface roughness and material removal which may be further used by the researchers and industrial applications too. Keywords: Chemical-Mechanical Polishing, ECM, EMM, EMAF, EPP, MEAPS, MFGA, UAMAF

Background/Objectives: With innovative advancements in manufacturing industry, hard and intense materials are being created. Inconel 625 is one such material, which is a nickel based super alloy having high temperature applications. Due to its materialistic properties, Inconel 625 is difficult to machine. In the present research work, magnetic abrasive finishing process has been utilized to finish inconel 625 flat surfaces. Experiments are designed and performed to finish Inconel 625 by using magnetic abrasive finishing process. Three important process parameters i.e. processing time, weight %age of abrasive and pole rotational speed are selected to perform the experiment and effects of these parameters on material removal are analyzed. Methods/Statistical analysis: An ANOVA has been used to analyze the results and graphs to show effects of input parameters on material removal are generated using design expert software. Findings: Experimental study indicates that all the selected input parameters have significant impact on the material removal. Applications: Inconel 625 flat surface successfully finished using Magnetic Abrasive Finishing. Keywords: Ferro-Magnetic Abrasive Particles, Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF), Inconel 625, Material Removal

Background/Objectives: With latest innovations and advancements in material sciences and technology, new materials are being introduced to meet industrial requirements. One of such material is Inconel 718 which possesses high hardness, high melting point and finds wide industrial applications. Due to its materialistic properties, Inconel 718 is difficult to machine by conventional methods. As compared to conventional machining/finishing process, better results can be obtained with non-conventional machining/finishing processes. In present research work, flat Inconel718 surface is machined with a combination of two non-conventional machining/finishing processes: Chemical Machining and Magnetic Abrasive Finishing process. An experimental setup was arranged and investigations were conducted to analyze the effect of chemically assisted magnetic abrasive finishing on material removal rate from Inconel 718 surface using multipole magnetic tool. Three process parameters: Processing time, weight percentage of abrasives and concentration of etchant (FeCl3 ) and their range have been selected. These process parameters and their effects on material removal have been studied and analyzed. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: The experimental planning using various ranges of parameters and their randomized order was prepared using Design Expert software. The results were modulated and concluded by converting the output response i.e., Material removal into graphs using Design expert software. Findings: The effects of varying parameters such as processing time, Wt. % of abrasives and concentration of FeCl3 (etchant) on the material removal rate have been investigated. Improvements/ Applications: Chemically Assisted Magnetic Abrasive Finishing successfully machined Inocnel 718 surface with better efficiency and good surface finish. Significant effect of parametric investigations was observed on Inconel 718. Keywords: Chemically Assisted Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (CAMAF), Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF), Multipole Magnetic Tool, Material Removal

Temperature dependent Raman scattering measurements have been performed to explore unusual coupling between magnetism and crystal structure in doped pyrochlore iridate Y$_2$(Ir$_{1-x}$Ru$_x$)$_2$O$_7$ with $x$ = 0.0, 0.05 and 0.2. The parent Y$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ shows an onset of magnetic ordering around $\sim$ 160 K ($T_{N}$) which monotonically decreases with Ru doping. Further, magnetic moment also decreases with progressive substitution of Ru. Substitution of Ru$^{4+}$ (4$d^4$) for Ir$^{4+}$ (5$d^5$) does not introduce significant modification in structural parameters, however, the magnetic transition temperature decreases systematically with doping. Raman scattering data show an anomalous change in $A_{1g}$ and $P_3$ Raman mode frequency and line-width across $T_{N}$ of individual samples. We further show that the shifting of Raman mode frequency with temperature exhibits a strong deviation from anharmonic decay around and below the $T_{N}$ of respective samples which underlines a spin-phonon coupling in these materials., Comment: To appear in JMMM, 10 pages, 9 figures

In this article, we present entropy stable discontinuous Galerkin numerical schemes for equations of special relativistic hydrodynamics with the ideal equation of state. The numerical schemes use the summation by parts (SBP) property of Gauss-Lobatto quadrature rules. To achieve entropy stability for the scheme, we use two-point entropy conservative numerical flux inside the cells and a suitable entropy stable numerical flux at the cell interfaces. The resulting semi-discrete scheme is then shown to entropy stable. Time discretization is performed using SSP Runge-Kutta methods. Several numerical test cases are presented to validate the accuracy and stability of the proposed schemes.

In the domain of algorithmic music composition, machine learning-driven systems eliminate the need for carefully hand-crafting rules for composition. In particular, the capability of recurrent neural networks to learn complex temporal patterns lends itself well to the musical domain. Promising results have been observed across a number of recent attempts at music composition using deep RNNs. These approaches generally aim at first training neural networks to reproduce subsequences drawn from existing songs. Subsequently, they are used to compose music either at the audio sample-level or at the note-level. We designed a representation that divides polyphonic music into a small number of monophonic streams. This representation greatly reduces the complexity of the problem and eliminates an exponential number of probably poor compositions. On top of our LSTM neural network that learnt musical sequences in this representation, we built an RL agent that learnt to find combinations of songs whose joint dominance produced pleasant compositions. We present Amadeus, an algorithmic music composition system that composes music that consists of intricate melodies, basic chords, and even occasional contrapuntal sequences.

Pineapple has a great utility for healthy life of human beings. In export oriented fruit utilization its product has been found remunerative. Pomace content in pineapple has a quality and quantity for fibre production. Physico-chemical quality was found useful in analysis factors. Quality parameters were found in variable quantity content. These were found as protein, fat, carbohydrates, pH, acidity etc. in fruits and pomace of pineapple. Pineapple fibre is an important byproduct which has considerable useful quality in dietary system of human being.

Presents investigations revealed the physical and chemical attributes for qualities and pomace in fruits of guava cultures (I-VII). Physical parameters revealed variations in contents of different characters. Guava fruits pomace have waste material revealed to give its fibre as a useful material. It was found that waste material in considerable quantity will give profitable fibre along with the other valuable stems.

`Galaxy groups' have hardly been realized as a separate class of objects with specific characteristics in the structural hierarchy of the universe. The presumption that the self-similarity of dark matter structures is a valid prescription for the baryonic universe also at all scales has rendered smaller structures undetectable by current observational facilities, leading to lesser dedicated studies on them. Some recent reports on deviation of $\rm{L_x}$-T scaling in groups from that of clusters have motivated us to study their physical properties in depth. In this article, we report the extensive study on physical properties of groups in comparison with clusters through cosmological hydrodynamic plus N-body simulations using ENZO 2.2 code. We have included cooling and heating physics and star formation feedback in the simulation. And produced a mock sample of 362 objects with mass ranging from $5\times10^{12}\; \rm{M_{\odot}}$ to 2.5$\times 10^{15}\; \rm{M_{\odot}}$. Strikingly, we have found that objects with a mass below $\sim$ $8\times 10^{13}\;\rm{M_{\odot}}$ do not follow any of the cluster self-similar laws in hydrostatics, not even in thermal and non-thermal regimes. Two distinct scaling laws are observed to be followed with breaks at $\sim$ $6-8\times 10^{13}\;\rm{M_{\odot}}$ for mass, $\sim$1 keV for temperature and $\sim$1 Mpc for radius. This places groups as a distinct entity in the hierarchical structures, well demarcated from clusters. This study reveals that groups are mostly far away from virialization, suggesting the need for formulating new models for deciphering their physical parameters. They are also shown to have high turbulence and more non-thermal energy stored, indicating better visibility in the non-thermal regime.

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) can provide high bandwidth Internet access to end users. With increasing interest in WMN, energy conservation is a key parameter for green and cost effective communication. As energy efficiency has not been given due consideration in WMN by researchers. This research presents an energy efficient routing metric by considering energy due to transmission, reception, retransmission, overhearing and queue stability. Results in terms of throughput and energy consumption have been compared with that of standardization arena i.e. airtime link metric.

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Barcelona, Spain, 2011

Globally, more than 10 million children under 5 years of age, die every year (20 children per minute), most from preventable causes, and almost all in poor countries. Major causes of child death include neonatal disorders (death within 28 days of birth), diarrhea, pneumonia, and measles. Malnutrition accounts for almost 35 % of childhood diseases. India alone accounts for almost 5000 child deaths under 5 years old (U5) every day. India.s child heath indicators are poor even compared with our Asian neighbors, namely Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Nepal and Bangladesh. Within India, the states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh account for almost 60 % of all child deaths India.s neonatal mortality, which accounts for almost 50 % of U5 deaths, is one of the highest in the world. India launched the Universal Immunization Program in 1985, but the status of full immunization in India has reached only 43.5 % by 2005-06. India started the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) in 1975 to provide supplementary nutrition to children, but 50 % of our children are still malnourished; nearly double that of Sub-Saharan Africa. The WHO/UNICEF training program on Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses, known as IMNCI, started in India a few years ago, but the progress is very slow. What is unfortunate is the fact that most of these deaths are preventable through proven interventions: preventive interventions and/or treatment interventions, but the management of childhood illnesses is very poor. In this working paper, we bring out the nature and magnitude of child deaths in India (Chapter 1) and then share with you in Chapters 2, 3 and 4 our observations on the management of some of national programs of the government of India such as The Universal Immunization Program (UIP) The Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) The Integrated Management of Neonatal and Child Illnesses (IMNCI) In the final chapter (Chapter 5), we highlight certain managerial challenges to satisfactorily address the child mortality and morbidity in our country.

Two-fluid plasma equations are derived by taking moments of Boltzmann equations. Ignoring collisions and viscous terms and assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium we get five moment equations for each species (electrons and ions), known as two-fluid plasma equations. These equations allow different temperatures and velocities for electrons and ions, unlike ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations. In this article, we present robust second order MUSCL schemes for two-fluid plasma equations based on Strang splitting of the flux and source terms. The source is treated both explicitly and implicitly. These schemes are shown to preserve positivity of the pressure and density. In the case of explicit treatment of source term, we derive explicit condition on the time step for it to be positivity preserving. The implicit treatment of the source term is shown to preserve positivity, unconditionally. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of these schemes.