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The present work discusses about the mechanical and metallurgical properties of Incoloy 800 H friction welded joints. The process parameters namely friction pressure, friction time, upsetting pressure, upset time, and rotational speeds were varied from low level to high level to study their effects on the properties of the weldments. The tensile tests were carried out at four different temperatures namely at room temperature, 550, 650, and 750 °C. From the results, it is observed that as the testing temperature increased, there was a reduction in tensile strength of welds. The friction welds had higher hardness than the base metals. This was due to the formation of secondary phases (γ′ and M23C6) in friction welds. The tensile and impact fracture surfaces were further analyzed through SEM and finally the individual effects of the parameters with respect to the microstructures variation in the welds were studied.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) has been known to the pathologists for the past 100 years as a benign slow growing tumour. Histologically, this tumour has a predominantly solid component and very few case reports have described the cystic nature of AOT. In the present case we review the literature of extrafollicular AOT presenting as a periapical disease and add to the literature a case of cystic extrafollicular AOT in a 17-year-old patient, initially diagnosed as a radicular cyst. Radiographically extrafollicular AOT frequently resembles other odontogenic lesions such as residual, developmental lateral periodontal or radicular cyst, however histopathological findings of this tumour are quite characteristic and present few diagnostic problems. Correlation of clinical and radiological information with histological features is important in the diagnosis of odontogenic cysts and tumours, to decrease the incidence of misdiagnosis for such cases and this in turn will help in preventing recurrences.

The surgical removal of impacted third molars involves, trauma to soft and bony tissue and can result in considerable pain, swelling, and trismus. The greater the amount of tissue injury the greater is the amount of inflammation in the perisurgical region. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is both a pro inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate the immune response. IL-6 is also an early marker of tissue damage. In addition to NSAIDs, corticosteroids, opioids also have immunomodulatory effects. To evaluate the changes in serum IL-6 levels following surgical removal of third molars under local anaesthesia after administration of two NSAIDs diclofenac and ketorolac and opioid tramadol post operatively. Patients undergoing surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar teeth were randomly assigned to three groups. Each group received one of the three analgesics viz diclofenac 50 mg, ketorolac 10 mg and tramadol 50 mg. The mean levels of IL-6 was then estimated by ELISA. The results of our study showed that all three drugs i.e. diclofenac, ketorolac and tramadol have properties which can downregulate the production of IL-6 in response to surgical trauma. It is of clinical significance that the suppression of IL-6 values occurs in tramadol group closely following the diclofenac group. Even though the drug ketorolac suppresses the IL-6 levels similar to diclofenac initially but after 7 days tramadol and ketorolac showed similarities in suppression of IL-6 expression which is less compared to diclofenac group.

Aim: To access the efficacy of decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in the regeneration of bone following small osseous defect in minor oral surgery. Objectives: To evaluate the ability of DFDBA to enhance the rate of wound healing and assess radiographic bone density, pain, and infection preoperatively and postoperatively. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with cysts were assessed. Ten patients were filled with DFDBA (Group 1) and ten without bone graft (Group 2), respectively. Radiographic bone density was assessed on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative radiographs on 1st day, 3rd month, and at 6th month using Adobe Photoshop CS6 - Grayscale histogram. Results: Bone density in Group 1 was found to be significantly higher than in Group 2 on 3rd and 6th month postoperatively with a P = 0.024 and P = 0.016 which was statistically significant. The percentage increase in bone density between both the group was determined and yielded no difference over a period of time, but the difference in percentage increase was markedly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at all the time intervals. Conclusion: Bone formed as depicted by bone density is significantly higher when DFDBA is used in small bony defects.

Aim: The aim of this study is comparative analysis of post operative analgesic requirement in patient undergoing minor oral surgery using 2% Lignocaine with 1:200000 Adrenaline and Buprenorphine versus 2% lignocaine with 1:200000 Adrenaline. Materials and Method: One hundred patients requiring minor oral surgery were included in the study. The patients were randomized by a third party and allocated to one of the two study groups. This allowed the patients and the operators to remain unaware of the group allocations. 1 ml of Buprenorphine Hydrochloride injection I.V which contains an equivalent of 0.3 mg Buprenorphine was withdrawn into a syringe and injected into a 30 ml vial of 2 % Lignocaine with Adrenaline 1:200000. Thus each ml of local anesthetic contained 0.01 mg of Buprenorphine. This solution was labelled and used for the study. Results: The duration of analgesia in Group I was found to be 13.71 ± 7.2 h and Group II was 39.58 ± the average consumption of NSAIDs was found to be 2.88 as compared to Group II mean value of 1.29 (P=0.0001). Conclusion: We concluded that addition of 0.3 mg of Buprenorphine to 30 ml Lignocaine with Adrenaline 1:200000 for minor oral surgery results in significant improvement in postoperative analgesia up to 39 h and markedly reduces the need for excessive analgesic intake. Thus reducing the adverse effects associated with excessive use of NSAIDs. Further studies needs to be done as there is less literature about Buprenorphine added to local anaesthetist. Keyword: Buprenorphine, Hydrochloride, Analgesia