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Summary Barium sulfate scale deposition in the near wellbore, perforations, or production tubing has severely affected well productivity in many North Sea Fields. This is due to the co-mingling of the sulfate-rich seawater used for reservoir sweep with formation water containing high concentrations of barium ions. Mitigation of this problem is generally achieved by regular "squeeze" deployment of scale inhibitor chemicals which retard scale precipitate formation and deposition. However, in some instances, the scale inhibitor is poorly retained within the reservoir rock matrix and short squeeze lifetimes are experienced. The net result in these cases is frequent well interventions which impact on both well productivity and field profitability. To solve this problem, a scale squeeze enhancer has been developed which acts to enhance retention and subsequent release of scale inhibitor in the reservoir. The first field deployment of this technology was in BP's Magnus asset. The trial demonstrated a more than doubling of the squeeze lifetime of an adsorption chemical.

Calcium carbonate scale impacts oil production in a large number of fields worldwide. This scale is generally managed by acid washing to remove the scale and/or by performing scale inhibition treatments. The methodology adopted is usually cost driven with high cost operations generally selecting scale prevention rather than removal. Recently reported work 1 showed the potential to integrate scale removal and scale inhibition treatments into a single package, offering clear economic and technical advantages. The combined treatment inherently reduces well intervention costs and well downtime, and protects the value added by the scale removal treatment - by assuring that all of the zones that are stimulated are also inhibited. Combining acid stimulation chemicals and scale inhibitors is by no means a simple process. Compatibility between the acid, the acid additives and the scale inhibitor presents a significant issue in both live and spent acids. This paper will examine these technical challenges and describes the desired properties of such combined systems. Case histories of recent field trials of combined scale removal and inhibition treatments will be presented, including details of job design, job execution and post-job evaluation. Data demonstrating the scale inhibitor return profile in these treatments will be shown, and lessons learnt from the initial trials will be discussed. Comparative performance data for previous acid treatments will also be presented.

Abstract Barium Sulfate scale deposition in the near-well-bore, perforations or production tubing has severely affected well productivity in many North Sea Fields. This is due to the commingling of the sulfate-rich seawater used for reservoir sweep with formation water containing high concentrations of barium ions. Mitigation of this problem is generally achieved by regular 'squeeze' deployment of scale inhibitor chemicals which retard scale precipitate formation and deposition. In the squeeze procedure, scale inhibitor is injected several feet radially into the production well where it is retained by adsorption and/or formation of a sparingly soluble precipitate. The inhibitor slowly leaches into the produced water over a period of time and protects the well from scale deposition. However, in some instances, the scale inhibitor is poorly retained within the reservoir rock matrix and short squeeze lifetimes are experienced. The net result in these cases is frequent well interventions which impact on both well productivity and field profitability. To solve this problem, a scale squeeze enhancer has been developed (jointly by BP Exploration and BP Chemicals) which acts to enhance retention and subsequent release of scale inhibitor in the reservoir. The first field deployment of this technology was in BP's Magnus asset. The trial demonstrated a more than doubling of the squeeze lifetime of an adsorption chemical and has subsequently led to considerable cost savings for the Magnus asset by reducing well intervention frequency and subsequent well downtime. Introduction Magnus Field History. The Magnus oilfield lies approximately 160 km north east of the Shetland Islands in the UK Sector of the North Sea. The field is located in blocks 211/7a and 211/12a, and is producing through the most northerly platform on the UKCS. The Magnus oilfield was discovered by BP in 1974 and first production commenced in August 1983, reaching a peak annual average production rate of 144,301 stb/day in 1994. Reservoir Description. The Magnus field is divided into three producing intervals, the Turonian Reworked Sandstone, which overlays the Magnus Sandstone Member (MSM), which overlays the Lower Kimmeridge Clay Formation. The producing interval initially contained an estimated volume of 1,650 mmstb of oil in place. The MSM lies at a sub-sea depth of approximately 3000m and is currently the main producing formation, having originally held 77% of the initial oil in place. The MSM is the most well defined of the Magnus formations, and can be broken down into several discrete sandstone zones or lobes, separated by shale mudstone units, which act as vertical permeability barriers. The typical MSM permeability is in the range 200–500 mD, with an average porosity of 21% and a maximum net pay of 108 m. Reservoir Management. The Magnus reservoir is currently being drained by 15 producing wells, while 9 further wells, including 3 sub-sea tie-ins, are injecting seawater to support the reservoir pressure. However, off-take from the field to date has exceeded the volume injected, resulting in a significant drop in reservoir pressure from an original value of 6650 psi to a current average of approximately 3000 psi. In addition, a significant pressure gradient exists across the field, with a maximum of 7500 psi observed in certain injectors, compared with 2750 psi measured in several crestal producers. The field is now produced on a voidage replacement basis, however, significant differential pressure exists between lobes as a result of divergent pressure depletion through the MSM. Nature of Scale Problem. An analysis of the ionic composition of the formation waters produced from the various lobes or zones reveals subtle differences in their chemistry; however, in each case the produced water has a salinity almost identical to sea water. In addition, the barium concentration in Magnus formation water is in the range 160–220 mg/l. P. 161^

The Magnus oilfield lies approximately 160 km NE of the Shetland Islands in the UK sector of North Sea. Areal sweep and pressure support is achieved via sea water injection into the reservoir. Due to the layered nature of the reservoir, formation water and sea water are often co-produced and are commingled in the production wellbore. This has often resulted in downhole deposition of barium sulphate scale and an appreciable reduction in well productivity. A combination of scale inhibitor chemistry and its dcployment into the reservoir using novel diverting agents has significantly reduced the problems and are described in detail in this paper.