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Introduction: Annually, 1.1 million individuals in the United States sustain burn injuries, with half requiring medical attention. Our innovative low-level light therapy (LLLT) wearable device aims to boost cellular regeneration and expedite recovery times for burn patients. Accelerated recovery time may reduce the likelihood of infections, minimize discomfort, and reduce hospital stays and costs for severe burns. Although current LLLT devices claim to promote wound healing, they are often bulky, expensive, and primarily marketed for beauty or health purposes. These devices are poorly constructed and do not emit sufficient light to achieve the desired effect. Our team’s disposable and wearable design targets the at-home user and burn care centers. The device must feature an intuitive design, as our aim is to appeal to at-home users. Furthermore, we strive to create a wearable, effective, and affordable product, unlike existing LLLT devices.

BackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) affects almost half the population, and several treatments intending to regenerate a normal scalp hair phenotype are used. This is the first study comparing treatment efficacy response and resistance using standardized continuous outcomes.ObjectiveTo systematically compare the relative efficacy of treatments used for terminal hair (TH) regrowth in women and men with AGA.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted (from inception to August 11, 2021) to identify randomized, Placebo-controlled trials with ≥ 20 patients and reporting changes in TH density after 24 weeks. Efficacy was analyzed by sex at 12 and 24 weeks using Bayesian network meta-analysis (B-NMA) and compared to frequentist and continuous outcomes profiles.ResultsThe search identified 2,314 unique articles. Ninety-eight were included for full-text review, and 17 articles met the inclusion criteria for data extraction and analyses. Eligible treatments included ALRV5XR, Dutasteride 0.5 mg/day, Finasteride 1 mg/day, low-level laser comb treatment (LLLT), Minoxidil 2% and 5%, Nutrafol, and Viviscal. At 24 weeks, the B-NMA regrowth efficacy in TH/cm2 and significance (**) in women were ALRV5XR: 30.09**, LLLT: 16.62**, Minoxidil 2%: 12.13**, Minoxidil 5%: 10.82**, and Nutrafol: 7.32**, and in men; ALRV5XR: 21.03**, LLLT: 18.75**, Dutasteride: 18.37**, Viviscal: 13.23, Minoxidil 5%: 13.13**, Finasteride: 12.38, and Minoxidil 2%: 10.54. Two distinct TH regrowth response profiles were found; Continuous: ALRV5XR regrowth rates were linear in men and accelerated in women; Resistant: after 12 weeks, LLLT, Nutrafol, and Viviscal regrowth rates attenuated while Dutasteride and Finasteride plateaued; Minoxidil 2% and 5% lost some regrowth. There were no statistical differences for the same treatment between women and men. B-NMA provided more accurate, statistically relevant, and conservative results than the frequentist-NMA.ConclusionSome TH regrowth can be expected from most AGA treatments with less variability in women than men. Responses to drug treatments were rapid, showing strong early efficacy followed by the greatest resistance effects from flatlining to loss of regrowth after 12–16 weeks. Finasteride, Minoxidil 2% and Viviscal in men were not statistically different from Placebo. LLLT appeared more efficacious than pharmaceuticals. The natural product formulation ALRV5XR showed better efficacy in all tested parameters without signs of treatment resistance (see Graphical abstract).Systematic review registrationwww.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42021268040, identifier CRD42021268040.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single session of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) with flat top handpiece in reducing painful symptoms in patients with Oral Lichen Planus (OLP). The clinical charts of 20 patients of the Dental Clinic of University of Padua (Italy) who underwent a single laser PBM to manage OLP symptomatology were retrospectively analyzed. A 980 nm diode laser and a flat top handpiece with a 1-cm2 spot area were employed to perform the PBM with a single session protocol. VAS pain scores were assessed before and after the laser PBM, the day after, and on the 7th and 30th days after the treatment. No adverse effects occurred within 30 days after treatment. The mean VAS-pain score was 3.8 (SD 2.3) before PBM; 2.6 (SD 2.0) after PBM; 1.9 (SD 2.2) on day 1; 2.0 (SD 2.3) on day 7; and 1.5 (SD 2.2) on day 30. VAS pain decreased significantly over time (p

Background: Immediate loading of implants became a necessity in order to reduce the period of osseointegration. Photo biomodulation is a non-invasive treatment that bio-stimulates the new-formed bone on the cellular level in order to improve the quality of bone around implants. Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Low-Level Laser on clinical stability of the immediately loaded implants. Materials & Methods: 24 Megagen Implants were used in 12 patients in the split-mouth technique. 808 nm GaAlAs Laser with 4 J power per point was used for two weeks with an application every other day. The two implants in each patient were loaded immediately (1 week after implantation) by full acrylic crowns. Clinical stability was measured by Mega-ISQ and the measurements were held in the same operating day, one week after implantation and 3 months after implantation. For statistical analysis, T-test for independent groups and T-test for paired group were used to determine the differences between the two groups. Results: No signifiable differences in ISQ values were noticed between the two groups in the operating day and 3 months after. While there were signifiable differences one week after implantation. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, using LLLt can improve the bone quality around implants but with no signifiable differences.

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 poses a higher risk of complications in obese patients due to low respiratory system compliance, increased inflammatory cytokines, and an activated immune system secondary to excess adiposity Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has significant anti-inflammatory effects and reduces inflammatory cytokines It is noninvasive and approved for pain management and musculoskeletal injuries Data from human and experimental animal models of respiratory tract disease suggests that LLLT reduces inflammation and promotes lung healing CASE AND OUTCOMES: A morbidly obese 32-year-old Asian female with severe COVID-19 received four consecutive once-daily LLLT sessions via a laser scanner Pulsed 808 nm and 905 nm laser beams were delivered over the posterior chest for 28 min The patient was evaluated before and after LLLT by radiological assessment of lung edema (RALE) on chest X-ray, oxygen requirements and saturation, pneumonia severity indices (SMART-COP and Brescia-COVID), blood inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, ferritin, and C-Reactive protein (CRP)) Prior to treatment, oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) via pulse oximetry was 88%-93% on 5-6 L oxygen Following LLLT, SpO(2) increased to 97%-99% on 1-3 L oxygen Reductions in RALE score from 8 to 3, Brescia-COVID from 4 to 0, and SMART-COP from 5 to 0 were observed Interleukin-6 decreased from 45 89 to 11 7 pg/mL, ferritin from 359 to 175 ng/mL, and CRP from 3 04 to 1 43 mg/dL Post-treatment, the patient noted appreciable improvement in respiratory symptoms CONCLUSION: Following LLLT our patient showed improvement over a few days in respiratory indices, radiological findings, inflammatory markers, and patient outcomes This report suggests that adjunct LLLT can be safely combined with conventional treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 and morbid obesity

Objective: The objective of this retrospective review was to examine the impact that adding photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) to rehabilitation therapy had on the pathology of degenerative myelopathy (DM) in canine patients. Background: Canine DM is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease for which there exists a dearth of effective treatments, limiting clinicians to pursue symptom palliation. Methods: Clinical records of dogs referred for presumed DM to a specialty rehabilitation facility were screened for patients meeting study criteria. Qualifying patients were divided into two groups: Protocol A (PTCL-A) and Protocol B (PTCL-B) group, based on the PBMt protocol used. Data related to demographics, diagnostics, rehabilitation protocols, and progression of clinical signs were collected. Data were analyzed to determine differences in outcomes between the two treated groups and historical data expectations, as given by a previously published study. Results: The times between symptom onset and euthanasia of dogs in the PTCL-B group: 38.2 ± 14.67 months (mean ± SD), were significantly longer than those of dogs in the PTCL-A group: 11.09 ± 2.68 months. Similarly, the times between symptom onset and nonambulatory paresis (NAP) or paralysis of dogs in the PTCL-B group: 31.76 ± 12.53 months, were significantly longer than those of dogs in the PTCL-A group: 8.79 ± 1.60 months. Further, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the times from symptom onset to NAP of dogs in the PTCL-B group were significantly longer than those of dogs in the PTCL-A group (Mantel-Cox Log Rank statistic = 20.434, p

Introduction: The treatment of a true unilateral posterior crossbite often requires asymmetric maxillary expansion; however, this is challenging to achieve with conventional expansion methods because of several biomechanical limitations. In this paper, we introduce a new protocol for the treatment of a unilateral posterior crossbite in adults based on maxillary orthodontic expansion assisted by corticotomy and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) performed on the crossbite side. Methods: The study sample included 15 adults (8 females, 7 males) affected by a true unilateral posterior crossbite, with a mean age of 21.6 ± 3.1 years at the at the beginning of treatment. After the application of orthodontic appliances (palatal expander and self-ligating brackets), corticomy was performed at the buccal aspect of the crossbite side while LLLT was monthly administered up to the correction of the crossbite. The efficacy of the technique was evaluated through measurements performed on maxillary digital models. Results: All subjects reported successful correction of the posterior unilateral crossbite, and functional occlusion was achieved as well. The average expansion was greater at the crossbite side compared to the unaffected side and such difference was significant at the levels of first premolars (P < 0.05), second premolars (P < 0.05) and first molars (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Orthodontic maxillary expansion assisted by unilateral corticotomy and LLLT was effective in the treatment of the true unilateral crossbite.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia worldwide. Emerging non-invasive treatments such as photobiomodulation target the mitochondria to minimize brain damage, improving cognitive functions. In this work, an experimental design was carried out to evaluate the effect of transcranial light therapy (TLTC) on synaptic plasticity (SP) and cognitive functions in an AD animal model. Twenty-three mice were separated into two general groups: an APP/PS1 (ALZ) transgenic group and a wild-type (WT) group. Each group was randomly subdivided into two subgroups: mice with and without TLTC, depending on whether they would undergo treatment with TLTC. Cognitive function, measured through an object recognition task, showed non-significant improvement after TLTC. SP, on the other hand, was evaluated using four electrophysiological parameters from the Schaffer-CA1 collateral hippocampal synapses: excitatory field potentials (fEPSP), paired pulse facilitation (PPF), long-term depression (LTD), and long-term potentiation (LTP). An improvement was observed in subjects treated with TLTC, showing higher levels of LTP than those transgenic mice that were not exposed to the treatment. Therefore, the results obtained in this work showed that TLTC could be an efficient non-invasive treatment for AD-associated SP deficits.

Many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on muscle performance. Nonetheless, ideal application parameters are not known yet. The interval from the laser application moment until the time of the exercise is amongst them. In addition, the literature does not offer adequate studies that analyse different interval times in the same test in humans. Thus, the present study proposes the examination of the two distinct intervals, from the irradiation moment to the instant of the exercise performance. Forty male volunteers were recruited and randomly divided into four groups - control, placebo, immediate laser and 10 min after laser – to participate in this study. The therapy was performed with laser at 830 nm, with a power of 30 mW, energy of 3 J, during a time of 100 seconds per point irradiation, in the belly of the biceps brachii muscle. The comparison of the groups consisted in the Max force analysis, muscular power and muscle fatigue tests executed in the isokinetic dynamometer, and the recruitment of fibers by electromyography surface (EMG) and blood lactate levels in the brachial biceps muscle of weight training practitioners. A significant level of 5% (p

The periapical local anesthetic injection may be associated with fear of needles and pain administration. Dental topical anesthetic agents can help to reduce pain perception; however, adverse events can occur. To investigate the efficacy of 1064-nm photobiomodualtion (PBM) in inducing mucosal anesthesia delivered with a flat-top hand-piece compared to 20% Benzocaine topical anesthetic gel, sixty healthy patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to either 20% benzocaine topical gel + placebo laser (T group) or PBM + placebo gel (L group). The 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser was employed and is associated with a novel flat-top hand piece. The applied operational parameters were 0.5 W, 10 Hz, 100 µs pulse width, and 30 J/cm2 for one-minute single application time. The enrolled subjects were asked to assess pain intensity at the time of anesthetic injection with a Visual Analog Scale. Taking into consideration taste, undesirable numbness, and overall satisfaction, the patients were asked to rate their experiences according to a verbal rating scale. Statistical analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the T and L Groups for pain ratings (p = 0.0596). The L Group displayed significantly higher ratings than T Group for taste, undesirable numbness, and overall satisfaction (p < 0.001). The 1064-nm PBM delivered by flat-top hand piece is effective in inducing mucosal anesthesia, eliminating the adverse side-effects of the conventional topical anesthetic gel.

A present, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) effectiveness in enhancing bone regeneration in bone defects grafted with or without biomaterials is unclear. This systematic review (PROSPERO, ref. CRD 42019148959) aimed to critically appraise animal in vivo published data and present the efficacy of PBMT and its potential synergistic effects on grafted bone defects. MEDLINE, CCCT, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, EMBASE, EBSCO were searched, utilizing the following keywords: bone repair; low-level laser therapy; LLLT; light emitting diode; LEDs; photobiomodulation therapy; in vivo animal studies, bone substitutes, to identify studies between 1994 and 2019. After applying the eligibility criteria, 38 papers included where the results reported according to "PRISMA." The results revealed insufficient and incomplete PBM parameters, however, the outcomes with or without biomaterials have positive effects on bone healing. In conclusion, in vivo animal studies with a standardized protocol to elucidate the effects of PBMT on biomaterials are required initially prior to clinical studies.

Background To assess if photobiostimulation (PBS) alleviates pain intensity/duration and swelling after implant surgery. Material and Methods Sixty subjects (27 male and 33 female, with a mean age of 47,13 8.05 years) were included and randomly assigned to experimental group (implant surgery and photobiostimulation), placebo group (implant surgery and simulated photobiostimulation) and control group (implant surgery only). Inclusion criteria: subjects older than 20 years, with a healthy oral mucosa and requiring implant surgery. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy, history of implant failure, light sensitivity, metabolic deseases, consumption of antibiotics or corticosteroids in the last two weeks, smokers and alcohol drinkers. Patients reported the pain experienced by using a numeric rating scale (NRS) at 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and from day 2 to 7. Swelling score was assessed by linear measurements and type and number of analgesic drugs within each time-point were recorded on a spreadsheet. Data of pain and amount of swelling were compared among the three groups by using the Kruskal-Wallis H Test and post-hoc comparisons tests. Results Pain in the experimental group was less compared to controls and placebo group, at each time intervals (p < 0.001) as well as the maximum pain score (experimental group: median = 2, interquartile range 2-3; control group: median = 8, interquartile range 3,75-9; placebo group: median = 8, interquartile range 6,25-9). Swelling was almost insignificant in the experimental group (maximum value = 1, interquartile range 0-2,75, at 24 hours) compared with control (maximum value = 6, interquartile range 5-8,75, at 24 hours) and placebo (maximum value = 6, interquartile range 5-8, at 24 hours). Subjects in the experimental group assumed less analgesics compared to both controls and placebo groups. Conclusions Photobiostimulation is an effective method to reduce pain intensity/duration and swelling after implant surgery. Key words:LLLT, photobiostimulation, pain, implant surgery.

Background: The erosive-atrophic form of oral lichen planus (OLP) is associated with severe pain and burning sensation and is often unresponsive to treatment. Topical corticosteroids are considered as a medication of first choice but they can produce adverse effects. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are required. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of biomodulation with diode laser in patients presenting with long-standing erosive-atrophic OLP. Materials and methods: Twelve patients, clinically and histologically diagnosed with OLP, participated in this study. The level of pain and the clinical scores of total 59 lesions were recorded before treatment using visual analog scale and Thongprasom sign scoring system respectively. All patients received low level laser therapy (LLLT) with diode laser (810 nm) with parameters (0.5 W, 30 s, 1.2 J/cm2) three times weekly for a month. The response rate was assessed according to the decrease in pain and sign scores. Treatment efficacy index was calculated. Results: There was a significant reduction in pain after LLLT (p Conclusion: The present results indicate that LLLT is an effective and harmless modality for management of erosive-atrophic OLP.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:21:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-12 The objective of this research was to compare the effect single low-level laser therapy (LLLT) irradiation on pain perception in patients having fixed appliance treatment in the clinic of orthodontics. Sixty-two patients were recruited to participate in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. The patients were assigned to four groups: group I—laser on the right side; group II—placebo on the right side; group III—laser on the left side; group IV—placebo on the left. The laser or placebo was applied before separation, 24 and 48 h after separation of their first permanent molars in the lower arch. Just after the separation, the average of the pain for the placebo group was 1.6, significantly greater than the average of 1.1 registered for the laser group (p = 0.013). After 24 h and before the new irradiation, the values registered among the different groups did not show any differences. In relation to the gender, only after the first irradiation in placebo group, the female had a level of pain (0.1) significantly higher (p = 0.04) compared to male, and after 48 h, the group where the laser was applied had a difference (p = 0.04) among the gender with a value of lower pain for men (0.6) than for women (1.6). The laser irradiation to minimize the pain was only effective when applied immediately after treatment and separation. In general way, there were no differences between the genders, except after the first placebo group irradiation in which the female had a significantly higher level of pain compared to male and after 48 h. The pain cycle observed in this study had its peak in 24 h, both for laser’s and placebo’s group. Department of Orthodontics Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics Baylor College of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Restorative Dentistry Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University–UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680 Department of Orthodontics Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Restorative Dentistry Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Restorative Dentistry Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University–UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) causes interruption along the severed axonal tract(s) resulting in complete or partial loss of sensation and motor function. SCI can cause tetraplegia or paraplegia. Both these conditions can have lifelong excessive medical costs, as well as can reduce life expectancy. Preclinical research showed that Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), also known as Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT), possesses reparative and regenerative capabilities that have the potential to be used as a complimentary or supplementary SCI therapy. Despite the promising effects of PBMT, there are still no standardized irradiation parameters (i.e. different wavelengths, power, fluence, irradiance, beam type, beam diameters, and irradiation time) and there is also a lack of standardized experimental protocol(s), which makes it difficult to compare different studies. It is, nonetheless, essential to standardize such irradiation parameters in order to provide better PBMTs. The aim of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the delivery of light in a 3D voxelated SCI rat model for PBMT using different irradiation parameters (wavelengths: 660, 810, and 980 nm; beam types: Gaussian and Flat beam; and beam diameters: 0.04-1.2 cm) using Monte Carlo simulation. This study also aids in providing standardization for preclinical research for PBMT, which will eventually translate into clinical standardization upon clinical research studies and results.

WOS: 000425757900001, PubMed ID: 29466082, Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the optimum operating parameters (pulse duration, energy levels, and application time) to promote induction of osteoblast and fibroblast cell proliferation and to maintain cell viability treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Background data: The positive effects of LIPUS and LLLT on cellular activity have been reported in recent years. Comparisons between experimental parameters of previous studies are difficult because scientific studies reported frequencies and the duty cycles of LIPUS and wavelengths and doses of LLLT in a wide range of parameters. However, optimum amount of energy and optimum time exposure must be determined to induce bone and tissue cell proliferation for effective healing process and to avoid cell damage. Material and methods: Fibroblast and osteoblast cell cultures were irradiated with LIPUS (10-50% pulse and continuous mode at 1 and 3MHz for 1, 3, and 5min) and LLLT (4, 8, and 16J at 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500mW). Cell cultures were analyzed using XTT assay. Results: For both cell types, LIPUS treatment with 10% pulse (1:9 duty cycle), 3MHz, and for 1min and LLLT treatment over 100mV for 4, 8, and 16J modalities contributed to the growth, and may help bone repair and tissue healing process optimally. Conclusions: Bio-stimulating effects of LLLT irradiation promote proliferation and maintain cell viability better than LIPUS treatment without causing thermal response for both cell types, and the therapeutic modality above 200mV has maximum effectiveness., Scientific Research Projects Unit of Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey [DIS-130], This study was funded by Scientific Research Projects Unit of Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey (Project No. DIS-130).

Introduction Photobiomodulation was assessed as a novel treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by the use of a new device RGn500 combining photonic and magnetic emissions in a mouse model of AD. Methods Following the injection of amyloid β 25-35 peptide in male Swiss mice, RGn500 was applied once a day for 7 days either on the top of the head or the center of abdomen or both. Results RGn500 daily application for 10 min produced a neuroprotective effect on the neurotoxic effects of amyloid β 25-35 peptide injection when this type of photobiomodulation was applied both on the head and on the abdomen. Protection was demonstrated by memory restoration and on the normalization of key markers of AD (amyloid β 1-42, pTau), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), apoptosis (Bax/Bcl2) and neuroinflammation. Discussion RGn500 displays therapeutic efficacy similar to other pharmacological approaches evaluated in this model of AD.

Objective: This study investigated whether patients with mild to moderately severe dementia or possible Alzheimer's disease (AD) with Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) Baseline scores of 10–24 would improve when treated with near-infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. Background: Animal studies have presented the potential of PBM for AD. Dysregulation of the brain's default mode network (DMN) has been associated with AD, presenting the DMN as an identifiable target for PBM. Materials and methods: The study used 810 nm, 10 Hz pulsed, light-emitting diode devices combining transcranial plus intranasal PBM to treat the cortical nodes of the DMN (bilateral mesial prefrontal cortex, precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, angular gyrus, and hippocampus). Five patients with mild to moderately severe cognitive impairment were entered into 12 weeks of active treatment as well as a follow-up no-treatment, 4-week period. Patients were assessed with the MMSE and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) tests. The protocol involved weekly, in-clinic use of a transcranial-intranasal PBM device; and daily at-home use of an intranasal-only device. Results: There was significant improvement after 12 weeks of PBM (MMSE, p

The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT): helium-neon (He-Ne) and gallium arsenide (Ga-As) laser on the histomorphology of muscle and mitochondria in experimental myopathy in rats. Thirty Suquía strain female rats were distributed in groups: (A) control (intact), (B) injured, (C) injured and treated with He-Ne laser, (D) injured and treated with Ga-As laser, (E) irradiated with He-Ne laser on the non-injured muscle, and (F) irradiated with Ga-As laser on the non-injured muscle. Myopathy was induced by injecting 0.05 mg/rat/day of adrenaline in the left gastrocnemius muscle at the same point on five consecutive days, in groups B, C, and D. LLLT was applied with 9.5 J cm−2 daily for seven consecutive days in groups C, D, E, and F. The muscles were examined with optic and electronic microscopy. The inflammation was classified as absent, mild, and intense and the degree of mitochondrial alteration was graded I, II, III, and IV. Categorical data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square and the Fisher-Irwin Bilateral test, setting significant difference at p < 0.05. The damage found in muscle and mitochondria histomorphology in animals with induced myopathy (B) was intense or severe inflammation with grade III or IV of mitochondrial alteration. They underwent significant regression (p < 0.001) compared with the groups treated with He-Ne (C) and Ga-As (D) laser, in which mild or moderate inflammation was seen and mitochondrial alteration grades I and II, recovering normal myofibrillar architecture. No differences were found between the effects caused by the two lasers, or between groups A, E, and F. Group A was found to be different from B, C, and D (p < 0.001). LLLT in experimental myopathy caused significant muscular and mitochondrial morphologic recovery. Fil: Servetto, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Cremonezzi, David César. Universidad Nacional de La Rioja; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Simes, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Di Pietro, Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Campana, Vilma. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina

Introduction Gingival overgrowth is usually an inflammatory response to plaque present on tooth surfaces. The other causes could be drugs and other systemic conditions. When the local factors are responsible and subgingival scaling does not help, gingivectomy is performed. The gingivectomy wound is raw and heals slowly. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), hyaluronic acid, and herbal gels aid in healing after a gingivectomy. This study compared the efficacy of LLLT, hyaluronic acid, and herbal gel when used topically after a gingivectomy. This was a single-arm, interventional trial wherein 30 patients aged between 18 and 40 years with moderate gingival overgrowth participated. The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. (DN/0109-16). The participants signed the consent form and the study was also registered ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03569683","term_id":"NCT03569683"}}NCT03569683). Materials and methods The samples were equally divided into three groups. Group A received LLLT immediately postop, and on the first, third, and seventh days after surgery. Group B received hyaluronic acid (Gengigel) while Group C received an herbal gel (Hiora SG) for the same time periods after surgery, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post-hoc Bonferroni test was used to evaluate differences within groups. Intergroup comparison was performed using the independent t-test. A p-value of

Purpose To systematically review the literature and update the evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the use of photobiomodulation (PBM), such as laser and other light therapies, for the prevention and/or treatment of oral mucositis (OM). Methods A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society for Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) using PubMed and Web of Science. We followed the MASCC methods for systematic review and guidelines development. The rigorously evaluated evidence for each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned a level-of-evidence (LoE). Based on the LoE, one of the following guidelines was determined: Recommendation, Suggestion, or No Guideline Possible. Results Recommendations are made for the prevention of OM and related pain with PBM therapy in cancer patients treated with one of the following modalities: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, head and neck (H&N) radiotherapy (without chemotherapy), and H&N radiotherapy with chemotherapy. For each of these modalities, we recommend 1-2 clinically effective protocols; the clinician should adhere to all parameters of the protocol selected. Due to inadequate evidence, currently, No Guideline Possible for treatment of established OM or for management of chemotherapy-related OM. The reported clinical settings were extremely variable, limiting data integration. Conclusions The evidence supports the use of specific settings of PBM therapy for the prevention of OM in specific patient populations. Under these circumstances, PBM is recommended for the prevention of OM. The guidelines are subject to continuous update based on new published data.

The aim of this study was to compare switched on and switched off (sham) low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of drug- induced hyposalivation. Hyposalivation is decreased salivary flow rate most frequently present in patients who take a lot of medication, suffer from Sjögren's syndrome, or were irradiated. Available therapies provide only short-term relief. Forty-three participants (40 females and 3 males, average age 72.3 ± 8.9) participated in the study. Before therapy or after therapy, every participant fulfilled quality-of-life assessment scale (OHIP- CRO14). Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates were measured before and after treatment. The LLLT was performed by the use of gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser (830 nm) on parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands every day except during weekends for 14 days. Significant difference in unstimulated salivary flow rate after the treatment was found in the study group (p = 0.002) compared with the sham group. No significant difference in stimulated salivary flow rate after treatment was found in the laser group (p = 0.626) nor in the sham laser group (p = 0.233). No significant difference in patient's quality- of-life score was found after both treatments. The results of this study showed that the LLLT increased unstimulated salivary flow rate significantly. However, stimulated salivary flow rate did not increase significantly after the LLLT. In patients who underwent sham laser therapy, neither unstimulated nor stimulated salivary flow rate increased significantly.

The aim of this study was to verify if low-level laser therapy could be useful to reduce chemotherapy-related oral mucositis grading and pain in childhood undergoing chemotherapy. A randomized double-blind clinical trial was carried out. Patients from 3 to 18 years of age undergoing cancer therapy and presenting OM grade 2 or more were eligible for this study. Patients were randomly divided in two groups: group A received laser therapy from the day of OM diagnosis and other 3 consecutive days (830 nm wavelength, power 150 mW, spot size 1 cm(2), 30 s per cm(2), energy density 4.5 J/cm(2)); group B received sham therapy (placebo) with the same timing. Two blind clinicians performed OM scoring and pain evaluation at day 1 (immediately before the beginning of laser treatment-T0), day 4 (after finishing laser therapy cycle-T1) and at day 7 (T2) as follow-up. A total of 123 patients were included in the study. Group A was composed of 62 children while group B is 61; in both groups, there was a progressive reduction in grade of OM, and at day 7, not every mucosal lesion disappeared. The difference in the decline of OM grading between the two groups resulted not statistically significant (p = 0.07). A statistically significant difference in pain reduction between two groups both at T1 and at T2 (p 0.005) was observed. This study demonstrated the efficacy of LLLT in reducing pain due to chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in children, while no significant benefit was noted in reducing OM grade.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating complication of chemotherapy, and head and neck radiotherapy. In an effort to offer the best possible advice within the limitations of published research, a systematic review with an extended discussion and commentary on dosimetry and dose delivery is presented. Using keywords as listed, Pubmed, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases were searched during a period extending from 1995 to 2019. A total of 782 abstracts were identified. A total of 50 papers were analysed, and of these, 29 satisfied criteria required for systematic review in accordance with an optimized PRISMA statement. Clinical outcome as reported was subject to analysis with respect to time of intervention, incidence and severity of oral mucositis, and pain amelioration, and a comprehensive combined univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of the methods employed was performed. Recommendations are made with respect to the timing of the intervention. Moreover, there is an extended discussion available on the treatment care rationale of photobiomodulation (PBM), and its adjunctive association with OM. In conclusion, early prophylactic application offers clear advantages in clinical management. The many studies and associated variables and covariables assessed here revealed a choice of delivery techniques, associated wavelengths and many further indices to consider with regard to the accomplishment of optical parameters. It is therefore our recommendation that clinicians use PBM as a therapy with a full and proper understanding and training in order to optimise the clinical effects achievable.

AIM: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of combined low energy laser application and Micro-Osteoperforations versus the effect of the application of each technique separately on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three parallel groups (each group contained 10 patients) were performed; Group A: In which one side was controlled side, and the other side received micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), Group B: In which one side was controlled side, and the other side received low-level laser therapy (LLLT), Group C: In which one side was controlled side, and the other side received both MOPs and LLLT. RESULTS: Significant statistical differences were obvious in the rate of canine retraction between each intervention and the control sides as following; the MOPs increased the rate of canine retraction by 1.6 fold more than the control side, LLLT increased the rate of canine retraction by 1.3 fold than the control side, and combination of both techniques resulted in an increase in the rate of canine retraction by 1.8 fold more than the control side. CONCLUSION: Combination of MOPs and LLLT proved to be more efficient regarding increasing the rate of canine retraction than the application of each technique separately.

Photo-stimulatory effect of LLLT on the proliferation rate of human monocytic leukaemia cells has been published in IET nanotechnology 2017., Full version: Access restricted permanently due to 3rd party copyright restrictions. Restriction set on 25.07.2018 by SE, Doctoral College, Laser photobiomodulation (PBM) or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a form of phototherapy recognized worldwide for its expansive use in medicine. PBM/LLLT has the ability to enhance enzymatic activity and mitochondrial transmembrane potential that increase the availability of energy and the signal transduction, which promotes cell proliferation. This study primarily investigates the appropriateness of a range of treatment parameters, including light wavelength, irradiance (doses) and exposure time of PBM/LLLT in proliferation of cultured human monocytic leukaemia cell line THP-1(Tamm-Horsfall Protein 1), as well as DNA under in vitro conditions. A secondary objective was to exploit the beneficial effect of PBM/LLLT to reduce the harmful impacts caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Cells were irradiated with near infrared (NIR) diode laser at 850 nm with doses ranging from 0 – 26.8 J/cm2. After irradiation, cells were incubated for 12 hr and 24 hr to allow time for proliferation. Comet assay was conducted to evaluate genotoxicity of the irradiated cells. Trypan blue exclusion test and MTT assay (3-4-5-dimethy-2.5 thiazol-2.5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) were used to estimate cytotoxicity, Exposure to NIR diode laser revealed the beneficial effect of PBM/LLLT at low doses (< 5 J/cm2), which increased the viability and proliferation of THP-1 cells, which conformed by increasing ATP synthesis and the activity of mitochondria. Comet assay showed no significant difference between irradiated and non-irradiated cells at low doses and showed no DNA damage. The photobiomodulation effect of low doses, in particular 0.6 J/cm2 and 1.2 J/cm2, managed to reduce the damage to THP-1 cells after exposure to UV radiation by decreasing cell apoptosis, accelerate DNA damage repair and increase cell survival. While, the exposure for high doses (> 5 J/cm2), showed different results involved decrease in the number of THP-1 cells and viability, in addition to a considerable increase in DNA damage, which emphasised by decrease in the level of ATP synthesis and reducing the mitochondrial activity. These findings demonstrated the photobiomodulation effect of NIR diode laser through modulating various pathways such as ATP synthesis and mitochondrial activity in monocyte cells and DNA.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the low level laser therapy (LLLT) in postoperative pain and swelling associated with periapical surgery. A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out in 2 groups of 10 patients each, undergoing periapical surgery. The experimental group was treated with an intraoral application of an 810 nm-GaAsAl-laser, having an output power of 100 mW, with overlapping movements over the wound. In the control group, the same procedure was carried out, without therapeutic laser activation. Postoperative pain, swelling, and rescue medication were registered. The experimental group exhibited a decrease in pain intensity after periapical surgery compared with control group (p

Temporomandibular disorders have been identified as the most important cause of pain in the facial region. Pain relief and reestablishment of normal masticatory function are the main goals of conservative management of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). Laser therapy is a part of the treatment modality that have demonstrated to have an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and biostimulating effect. The LLLT is a non invasive , quick and safe, non pharmacological intervention that may be beneficial for patient with TMDs. This review article projects the use of LLLT for management of temporomandibular disorders ,its mode of action and also gives a review on various studies conducted to assess its efficacy on pain management.

Tendon injuries are often associated with skeletal muscle lesions that can originate from a variety of events, including direct trauma, tendon and muscle lacerations and contusions, indirect insults and degenerative diseases as muscular dystrophies. Currently, a complete cure for musculoskeletal diseases is not present and the restitutio ad integrum is difficult to obtain. In the last decade, adult MSCs gained general attention in both human and veterinary medicine and the understanding of MSC function is improved promoting the application of cell therapy and the development of powerful cell-derived therapeutics for regenerative medicine. The first part of this research focused on the reprogramming of stromal cells derived from equine and sheep mesenchymal tissue towards tenogenic and myogenic fate in vitro using new non-viral transfection system. 1) Equine MSCs isolated from peripheral blood (PB-MSCs) can develop the tenogenic pathway using four specific growth factors such as TGFβ3 (transforming growth factor β3), EGF2 (epidermal growth factor 2), bFGF2 (fibroblast growth factor 2) and IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) in presence or without Low Level Laser Technology (LLLT). 2) PB-MSCs were induced to differentiate towards myogenic fate using the complex TAT-MyoD in presence of a conditioned medium obtained from co-culturing PB-MSCs with C2C12 without a direct contact. 3) A novel surface-active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs) were tested as vectors for eukaryotic cell transfection of coding gene in PB-MSCs without the application of external magnetic fields. The full characterization of these three techniques was achieved using molecular and immunohistochemistry analysis. Real-time PCR (rt-PCR) was performed to study the expression level of the typical tenogenic genes markers Early Growth Response Protein-1 (EGR1), Tenascin C (TNC) and Decorin (DCN) to discover the best combination of GFs in presence or without LLLT. To evaluate the myoblasts differentiation, rt-PCR analysis was executed to study Myf5 and Myogenin gene expression while immunofluorescence experiments was performed to estimate MyoD, Myf5 and Myogenin protein expression. The cytotoxicity effects of SAMNs nanoparticles was observed with XTT cell proliferation assay and to evaluate SAMNs efficacy as vector for pDNA coding GFP, an immunofluorescence analysis was performed. The second topic of this research project was on skin regeneration studied in vivo. Skin is a soft tissue and covers the entire surface area of body. It is a self-repairing, self-renewing organ that forms an important barrier from the outer environment to the inner environment. Therefore, damage to the skin leads to debilitating wounds that is an impairment of the anatomical structure and function of the skin. In the two papers of the second section, the capability of adult equine and ovine MSCs to regenerate skin injuries has been studied. 1) Wounds were induced in the gluteus region of six horses and treated with autologous epithelial stem cells (EpSCs), allogeneic EpSCs, vehicle treatment or untreated control. 2) Sheep allogeneic PB-MSCs were utilized to treat experimental lesions on the back of six sheep. This project is part of a large scheme where conventional treatments (Manuka Honey, Connettivina and Acemannane) were compared to innovative cures (MSCs and gas-ionized plasma). In this thesis, only the data about skin regeneration with PB-MSCs was reported. In the first work of the second section, rt-PCR was performed on tissue biopsies collected after one and five weeks of treatment and IFN-y, IL-6, VEGF, EGF, IGF-1 and epidermal keratin (eKER) were analyzed to study cellular immune response, neovascularization and the epidermal keratinization. In the second paper, clinical analysis have been performed to analyze the healing time, the presence, the color and the nature of exudate, the aspect of gauze, the hydration of the wound, the percentage of re-epithelization and contraction of the lesions. Tissue biopsies were collected after 15 and 42 days of treatments to conduct molecular analysis, histological and immunohistochemical staining. Molecular analysis were performed to study the expression level of genes such as Collagen 1α1 (Col1α1) and Keratin of hair (hKER). Dermal and subcutaneous inflammation, granulation tissue and skin adnexa were evaluated using histological analysis while the expression of MHCII, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and a cellular proliferation marker (KI67) were estimated with immunohistochemical staining.

Low-level laser therapy is a tool employed in the management of post-operative inflammation process and in the enhancement of reparative process. The aim of the study was to perform histological evaluation of dental and periodontal ligament of rats central upper-left incisor teeth re-implanted and irradiated with low-level laser (InGaAl, 685 nm, 50 J/cm(2)) 15, 30, and 60 days after re-implantation. Seventy-two male rats had the central upper left incisor removed and kept for 15 min on dry gauze before replantation. Laser was irradiated over the root surface and empty alveolus prior replantation and over surrounding mucosa after the re-implantation. After histological procedures, all slices were analyzed regarding external resorption area and histological aspects. We observed an increase of root resorption (p 0.05) in the control group compared to the laser group at 15, 30, and 60 days. These results showed that the laser groups developed less root resorption areas than the control group in all experimental periods. Additionally, histological analysis revealed less inflammatory cells and necrotic areas in laser groups.

Arthritis of the knee is the most common type of joint inflammatory disorder and it is associated with pain and inflammation of the joint capsule. Few studies address the effects of the 810-nm laser in such conditions. Here we investigated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT; infrared, 810-nm) in experimentally induced rat knee inflammation. Thirty male Wistar rats (230–250 g) were anesthetized and injected with carrageenan by an intraarticular route. After 6 and 12 h, all animals were killed by CO2 inhalation and the articular cavity was washed for cellular and biochemical analysis. Articular tissue was carefully removed for real-time PCR analysis in order to evaluate COX-1 and COX-2 expression. LLLT was able to significantly inhibit the total number of leukocytes, as well as the myeloperoxidase activity with 1, 3, and 6 J (Joules) of energy. This result was corroborated by cell counting showing the reduction of polymorphonuclear cells at the inflammatory site. Vascular extravasation was significantly inhibited at the higher dose of energy of 10 J. Both COX-1 and 2 gene expression were significantly enhanced by laser irradiation while PGE2 production was inhibited. Low-level laser therapy operating at 810 nm markedly reduced inflammatory signs of inflammation but increased COX-1 and 2 gene expression. Further studies are necessary to investigate the possible production of antiinflammatory mediators by COX enzymes induced by laser irradiation in knee inflammation. publishedVersion

Summary Background The purpose of our experiment was to determine whether laser stimulation can improve microcirculation in the posterior regions of the brain in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI). Material/Methods We studied 25 patients (20 female, 5 male, mean age 64) diagnosed with chronic VBI. All were evaluated using the De Klyn test, followed by qualitative assessment of stability using a Berg Balance Scale and evaluation of global stability using an electronic balance platform. A CTL-1100 low power laser was used with standard parameters. We established a protocol for laser irradiation at 5 points along the vertebral artery in the cervical region bilaterally. Irradiation was performed 10 times over two weeks. Results Significant improvement occurred after therapy in headache (p=0.0005), vertigo (p

SUMMARY The objective of this study is to establish the possibilities of the infrared laser with (λ) 904 for treatment of bone resorptionof bone implants in the process of osseointegration. Material and methods: The osseointegration process of 167 implants was radiologically evaluated between the first and the second surgical stage. In nine was established bone resorption reaching the implant screw. For the treatment was used infrared laser with (λ λ λ λ ) 904 nm. Six procedures were performed, every other day, with a dose of 34 J/ cm 2 . Results: The x-ray tests done about three months after the treatment showed restoration of the bone resorption. Conclusion: In diagnosed bone resorption of implants in process of osseointegration, the application of infrared lasertherapy with (λ) 904 nm, with protocol of six sessions every other day, with dose 3-4 J/ cm 2 per session, recovers the bone structure.

Decubitus ulcers in the oral mucosa tend to be very painful causing discomforting sensation in patients in speaking and eating. Low energy lasers can provide an alternative method for the treatment of these ulcers. The aim of the present paper was to assess clinically the healing effect of low level laser irradiation on oral mucosa decubitus ulcers. Material and methods: A total of 90 patients with decubitus ulcers were treated in the present study; they were randomly assigned to three groups: group I included 30 patients treated with low level laser (LLL) irradiation (wavelength of irradiation 658 nm); group II - 30 patients treated with laser irradiation of 904 nm; and group III (controls) - 30 patients who received a standard conventional treatment with “granofurin” and “solcoseryl”. The treatment sessions in all three groups were administered once daily. The patients in groups I and II were irradiated with focused irradiation at an angle from a distance using a conically shaped light probe 3 mm in diameter. The irradiated area was 0.5 cm 2 . The light was focused on the oral mucosa ulcer and the surrounding inflamed mucosa at a distance of 0.5 to 1 cm. Diode lasers were used in the study. The dosage of irradiation was 1.2 J/cm 2 . Results and discussion: The treatment effect was evaluated by changes in the studied parameters: pain intensity, erythema, and epithelialization. They were assessed at baseline, and at days 1, 3 and 5. Conclusions: LLLT administered with the proposed methodology manages pain rapidly and accelerates the process of epithelialization of decubitus ulcers in the soft tissues of the mouth.

The aim of this study was to clinically assess the therapeutic effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) using a protocol we developed especially for the purpose. The study included 180 patients: group 1 (the study group) – 90 patients who received LLLT using a laser operating in the red spectrum (658 nm; in a non-contact mode; power output P = 27 mW; frequency f 1 = 5.8 Hz, f 2 – continuous waveform; time T = 1.14 min; dosage of 2 J/cm2 once daily); group 2 (controls) – 90 patients who received pharmacotherapy (Granofurin and solcoseryl given twice daily). The indices we assessed were pain intensity, erythema dynamics and epithelization time. Pain was completely managed in 55.6% of group 1 patients one day after therapy began, while it took three days to alleviate pain for 11.1% of the patients in group 2. The erythema was managed entirely in 24.4% of group 1 patients after the first session, while it did not change in any of the group 2 patients. Pain intensity and erythema had similar dynamics for both groups. In 5 days, 75.6% of group 1 patients showed complete epithelization, while in group 2 the process was completed in only 37.8% of patients. As a whole, the results we obtained using LLLT to treat chronic RAS were better than those obtained in the group receiving pharmacotherapy. Pain and inflammation were very effectively managed with LLLT with the parameters we used and epithelization was considerably accelerated.

Es va realitzar estudi clínic . L' objectiu de l'estudi va ser avaluar la sensació dolorosa que apareix en els pacients d'ortodòncia en col • locar elàstics de separació entre molars i premolars i determinar el grau d'eficàcia analgèsica del làser de baixa potència ( LLLT ) amb dues longituds d'ona diferents, una de 830 nm i l'altra de 660nm , comparant-lo amb un placebo . Material i Mètodes - L'estudi es va realitzar amb dos grups , cadascun de 20 voluntaris ( 6 homes , 14 dones ) , tots ells majors de 18 anys i que complien uns criteris d'inclusió predeterminats . L'estudi va ser aprovat pel Comitè Ètic de la Universitat Internacional de Catalunya . La unitat que es va utilitzar va ser un làser de baixa potència de díodes que pot utilitzar dos mitjans actius : un gal • li- Arsenio - Alumini ( GA Al As ) que emet en infraroig amb una longitud d'ona de 830 nm i un altre mig actiu d'Indi - gal • li- Alumini - Fòsfor ( In Ga al P ) que emet en l'espectre del visible amb una longitud d'ona de 660nm . L'estudi es va efectuar amb un disseny a boca partida , en què el propi pacient és alhora subjecte i control . En una hemiarcada s'aplica el làser i en la contralateral el placebo . A tots els pacients se'ls van col • locar elàstics de separació en mesial i distal dels segons premolars de l'arcada superior . Aleatòriament es va triar una hemiarcada per ser irradiada amb làser , en el grup 1, longitud d'ona de 830nm ( potència real de sortida de 100mW i una dosi de 5J/cm2 per punt . Grup 2 , longitud d'ona de 660nm ( potència real i sortida 20mW i una dosi d'1 J/cm2 . A cada hemiarcada es van irradiar 3 punts per la cara vestibular i 3 per la palatina , cada punt es va irradiar durant 20 segons. A la hemiarcada contralateral es va repetir el mateix procediment però amb un placebo . per al mesurament del dolor es va utilitzar una escala analògica visual ( VAS ) amb anotacions als 5 minuts , ia les 6 , 24 , 48 i 72 hores , en el mateix formulari també s'anotava la necessitat o no de la presa d'analgèsics . es realitzar una anàlisi estadística . resultats - el pic de dolor es va produir entre les 6 i 24 hores després de col • locar els elàstics de separació en dos grups . en el grup 1, la intensitat de dolor va ser menor en l'hemiarcada tractada amb làser ( global 7 , 7mm ) , que a la tractada amb el placebo (mitjana de 14,14 mm ; p = 0.0001 ) . Al grup 2 la intensitat de dolor també va ser menor en l'hemiarcada amb làser (mitjana 8,11 mm ) , que la tractada amb placebo (mitjana 9.54mm , p = 0,0001 ) . Conclusions - El làser de baixa potència amb els paràmetres utilitzats , és un mètode eficaç per al control del dolor i molèsties en pacients ortodòntics , després de col • locar elàstics de separació , quan es compara amb el grup control . Amb els paràmetres utilitzats en aquest estudi , el làser de 830nm de longitud d'ona obté uns resultats clínica i estadísticament millors que els obtinguts amb el làser de 660 nm de longitud d'ona ., Se realizó estudio clínico. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la sensación dolorosa que aparece en los pacientes de ortodoncia al colocar elásticos de separación entre molares y premolares y determinar el grado de eficacia analgésica del láser de baja potencia (LLLT) con dos longitudes de onda diferentes, una de 830 nm y la otra de 660nm, comparándolo con un placebo. Material y Métodos - El estudio se realizó con dos grupos, cada uno de 20 voluntarios ( 6 hombres, 14 mujeres), todos ellos mayores de 18 años y que cumplían unos criterios de inclusión predeterminados. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité Ético de la Universidad Internacional de Catalunya. La unidad que se utilizó fue un láser de baja potencia de diodos que puede utilizar dos medios activos: uno de Galio-Arsenio-Aluminio (GA Al As) que emite en infrarrojo con una longitud de onda de 830 nm y otro medio activo de Indio-Galio-Aluminio-Fosforo (In Ga Al P) que emite en el espectro del visible con una longitud de onda de 660nm. El estudio se efectuó con un diseño a boca partida, en el que el propio paciente es a la vez sujeto y control. En una hemiarcada se aplica el láser y en la contralateral el placebo. A todos los pacientes se les colocaron elásticos de separación en mesial y distal de los segundos premolares de la arcada superior. Aleatoriamente se eligió una hemiarcada para ser irradiada con láser, en el grupo 1, longitud de onda de 830nm (potencia real de salida de 100mW y una dosis de 5J/cm2 por punto. Grupo 2, longitud de onda de 660nm (potencia real e salida 20mW y una dosis de 1 j/cm2. En cada hemiarcada se irradiaron 3 puntos por la cara vestibular y 3 por la palatina, cada punto se irradió durante 20 segundos. En la hemiarcada contralateral se repitió el mismo procedimiento pero con un placebo. Para la medición del dolor se utilizó una escala analógica visual (VAS) con anotaciones a los 5 minutos, y a las 6 , 24, 48 y 72 horas, en el mismo formulario también se anotaba la necesidad o no de la toma de analgésicos. Se realizo un análisis estadístico. Resultados- el pico de dolor se produjo entre las 6 y 24 horas después de colocar los elásticos de separación en ambos grupos. En el grupo 1, la intensidad de dolor fue menor en la hemiarcada tratada con láser (media 7,7mm), que en la tratada con el placebo (media de 14,14mm; p= 0.0001). En el grupo 2 la intensidad de dolor también fue menor en la hemiarcada con láser (media 8,11mm), que la tratada con placebo (media 9.54mm, p= 0,0001). Conclusiones- El láser de baja potencia con los parámetros utilizados, es un método eficaz para el control del dolor y molestias en pacientes ortodóncicos, después de colocar elásticos de separación, cuando se compara con el grupo control. Con los parámetros utilizados en este estudio, el láser de 830nm de longitud de onda obtiene unos resultados clínica y estadísticamente mejores que los obtenidos con el láser de 660 nm de longitud de onda.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of diode superpulsed low-level laser therapy (SLLLT) in reducing experimentally induced orthodontic pain. Overall, 120 subjects (23.01 ± 1.39 years) were enrolled for a clinical trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to upper (U, N = 60) or lower (L, N = 60) jaw groups. All subjects received 4 elastomeric separators mesial and distal to the upper (U group) or lower (L group) right first molar and bicuspids. Each subject of the U and L groups was randomly assigned to laser (Ul, N = 20 and Ll, N = 20), placebo (Up, N = 20 and Lp, N = 20) or control (Uc, N = 20 and Lc, N = 20) sub-groups. Subjects in laser groups received a single GaAs diode SLLLT application (910 nm, 160 mW, beam diameter of 8 mm, applied for 340 s) immediately after placing orthodontic separators. Placebo groups received a simulated SLLLT and controls did not receive any therapy. All participants compiled a survey on pain duration and a 100-mm visual analogue scale immediately after the separators placement and after 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h. Pain intensity of laser groups was significantly lower compared to placebo and control groups (p = 0.0001). In the laser group, 70 % of subjects felt pain, while in the placebo and control groups all subjects felt pain (p = 0.0001). The end of pain occurred earlier in laser compared to placebo and control groups (p = 0.021). A single-diode SLLLT application appeared to be effective in reducing the intensity and duration of experimentally induced orthodontic pain and could be used in daily orthodontic practice.

p. 1041-1047 Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-06-14T12:35:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinheiro.pdf: 482456 bytes, checksum: 1e5f4683b69515a3ba1c1e85203f3dcb (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-06-18T18:00:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinheiro.pdf: 482456 bytes, checksum: 1e5f4683b69515a3ba1c1e85203f3dcb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-18T18:00:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinheiro.pdf: 482456 bytes, checksum: 1e5f4683b69515a3ba1c1e85203f3dcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12 We have used Raman analysis to assess bone healing on different models. Benefits on the isolated or combined use of mineral trioxide aggregate, bone morphogenetic proteins, guided bone regeneration and laser on bone repair have been reported, but not their combination. We studied peaks of hydroxyapatite and CH groups on defects grafted with MTA, treated or not with laser, BMPs, and GBR. Ninety rats were divided in 10 groups each, subdivided into three subgroups. Laser (λ850 nm) was applied at every other day for 2 weeks. Raman readings were taken at the surface of the defect. Statistical analysis (CHA) showed significant differences between all groups (p = 0.001) and between Group II and all other (p < 0.001), but not with Group X (p = 0.09). At day 21 differences were seen between all groups (p = 0.031) and between Groups VIII and X when compared with Groups VI (p = 0.03), V (p < 0.001), IV (p < 0.001), and IX (p = 0.04). At the end of the experimental period no significant differences were seen. On regards CH, significant differences were seen at the 15 th day (p = 0.002) and between Group II and all other groups (p < 0.0001) but not with control. Advanced maturation on irradiated bone is because of increased secretion of calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA) that is indicative of greater calcification and resistance of the bone. We conclude that the association of the MTA with laser phototherapy (LPT) and/or not with GBR resulted in a better bone repair. The use of the MTA associated to IR LPT resulted in a more advanced and quality bone repair.

David Ip, Nga-Yue Fu Asia Medical Pain Centre, Mong Kok, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China Objective: The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the possible clinical role of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in discogenic back pain patients who failed to respond to a conventional physical therapy program to avoid recourse to operative intervention.Methods: The paper reports on the long-term mean 5-year prospective follow-up of a patient cohort of 50 unselected patients visiting our tertiary referral pain center for discogenic back pain who had had a single-level lesion documented by magnetic resonance imaging followed by subsequent discography to confirm the affected disc being the pain generator. All of the patients who entered the study had failed response to a combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and had had not less than 3 months of conventional physical therapy. LLLT, at a wavelength of 810 nm wavelength emitted from a GaAIAs semiconductor laser device with 5.4 J per point and a power density of 20 mW/cm2, was employed. The treatment regimen consisted of three sessions of treatment per week for 12 consecutive weeks.Results: All but one patient had significant improvement in their Oswestry Disability Index score, from a mean of 50% score to a mean of 10% score, at the end of treatment at 12 weeks. In addition, surprisingly, the improvement was found maintained at follow-up assessments 1 year and 5 years later. The one patient among the 50 patients who failed to respond eventually required surgery, while the others did not require surgery.Conclusion: We conclude that LLLT is a viable option in the conservative treatment of discogenic back pain, with a positive clinical result of more than 90% efficacy, not only in the short-term but also in the long-term, with lasting benefits. Keywords: GaAIAs semiconductor laser, Oswestry Disability Index, single-level lesion, LLLT