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1. Reconciling biodiversity conservation, food production and farmers’ demand in agricultural landscapes

Author

Michel Loreau, Sabrina Gaba, Claire de Mazancourt, Vincent Bretagnolle, Daniel Montoya, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marie-Curie FP7 COFUND People Program, ERANET ECODEAL, ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-13-AGRO-0001,AGROBIOSE,Biodiversité et services écosystémiques en agro-écosystèmes céréaliers intensifs : utilisation des concepts de l'agro-écologie pour atteindre les objectifs ECOPHYTO 2018(2013), European Project: 666971,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,BIOSTASES(2015), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, ANR: Labex TULIP,TULIP,ANR-10-LABX-0041, AgrobioSE ANR-13-AGRO-0001-03,AgrobioSE ANR-13-AGRO-0001-03, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Natural resource economics, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Ecosystem services, Production (economics), Stakeholder demands, Agroecology, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Landscape composition, Stakeholder, 15. Life on land, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Crop pollination, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Food processing, Business, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Trade-Offs
Abstract

International audience; Efficient management of agricultural management should consider multiple services and stakeholders. Yet, it remains unclear how to guarantee ecosystem services for multiple stakeholders' demands, especially considering the observed biodiversity decline following reductions in semi-natural habitat (SNH), and global change. Here, we use an ecosystem service model of intensively-managed agricultural landscapes to derive the best landscape compositions for different stakeholders' demands, and how they vary with stochasticity and the degree of pollination dependence of crops. We analyse three groups of stakeholders assumed to value different ecosystem services most-individual farmers (crop yield per area), agricultural unions (landscape production) and con-servationists (biodiversity). Additionally, we consider a social average scenario that aims at maximizing mul-tifunctionality. Trade-offs among stakeholders' demands strongly depend on the degree of pollination dependence of crops, the strength of environmental and demographic stochasticity, and the relative amount of an ecosystem service demanded by each stakeholder. Intermediate amounts of SNH deliver relatively high levels of the three services (social average). Our analysis further suggests that the current levels of SNH protection lie below these intermediate amounts of SNH in intensively-managed agricultural landscapes. Given the worldwide trends in agriculture and global change, current policies should start to consider factors such as crop type and stochasticity, as they can strongly influence best landscape compositions for different stakeholders. Our results suggest ways of managing landscapes to reconcile several actors' demands and ensure for biodiversity conservation and food production.

Published
2020
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2. Agriculture intensification reduces plant taxonomic and functional diversity across European arable systems

Author

Jan Bengtsson, Teja Tscharntke, Tsipe Aavik, Carlos P. Carmona, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Vincent Bretagnolle, Tomas Pärt, Irene Guerrero, Mark Emmerson, Manuel B. Morales, Piotr Ceryngier, Juan J. Oñate, Begoña Peco, Frank Berendse, Jaan Liira, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, INEA Agricultural Engineering School [Spain], Comillas Pontifical University, Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG) [Spain] (Autónoma University of Madrid), Autónoma University of Madrid, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], School of Biological Sciences [Northern Ireland, UK] (Institute for Global Food Security), Institute for Global Food Security, Department of Environmental Sciences [Wageningen], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of Biological Sciences [Poland], Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), and UAM. Departamento de Ecología

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, weeds, Ruderal species, species richness, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, dispersal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SDG 15 - Life on Land, 2. Zero hunger, Mechanical weed control, Agroforestry, business.industry, landscape, 15. Life on land, Biología y Biomedicina / Biología, PE&RC, functional diversity, arable plants, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Biological dispersal, Species evenness, Species richness, agricultural intensification, Arable land, business, Weed, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Los autores de la UAM pertenecen al Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Agricultural intensification is one of the main drivers of species loss worldwide, but there is still a lack of information about its effect on functional diversity of arable weed communities. Using a large-scale pan European study including 786 fields within 261 farms from eight countries, we analysed differences in the taxonomic and functional diversity of arable weeds assemblages across different levels of agricultural intensification. We estimated weed species frequency in each field, and collected species' traits (vegetative height, SLA and seed mass) from the TRY plant trait database. With this information, we estimated taxonomic (species richness), functional composition (community weighted means) and functional diversity (functional richness, evenness, divergence and redundancy). We used indicators of agricultural management intensity at the individual field scale (e.g. yield, inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides, frequency of mechanical weed control practices) and at the landscape scale surrounding the field (i.e. number of crop types, mean field size and proportion of arable land cover within a radius of 500 m from the sampling points). The effects of agricultural intensification on species and functional richness at the field scale were stronger than those of intensification at the landscape scale, and we did not observe evidence of interacting effects between the two scales. Overall, assemblages in more intensified areas had fewer species, a higher prevalence of species with ruderal strategies (low stature, high leaf area, light seeds), and lower functional redundancy. Maintaining the diversity of Europe's arable weed communities requires some simple management interventions, for example, reducing the high intensity of field-level agricultural management across Europe, which could be complemented by interventions that increase landscape complexity. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article

Published
2020
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3. Functional biogeography of weeds reveals how anthropogenic management blurs trait–climate relationships

Author

François Munoz, Jonathan Storkey, Sabrina Gaba, Pierre Denelle, Guillaume Fried, Cyrille Violle, Bérenger Bourgeois, Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Laboratoire de santé des végétaux (LSV), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Sustainable Agriculture Sciences [Hertfordshire, UK], Rothamsted Research, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
leaf traits, plant assemblages, 0106 biological sciences, Agroecosystem, Specific leaf area, Growing season, trait-environment relationships, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, functional biogeography, Ecosystem, Agroecosystems, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Land use, grasslands, environmental filtering, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, croplands, arable weeds, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Arable land, management intensification, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Questions: Studies in functional biogeography have mostly focused on unmanaged ecosystems, and neglected testing how management intensity affects community-level response of plant traits to bioclimatic gradients. We hypothesize that trait–climate relationships for arable weeds spontaneously establishing in croplands subject to intensive management should differ from the relationships characterizing less intensively managed grassland ecosystems. Location: France. Methods: We computed community-weighted means (CWM) and variances (CWV) of 954 and 5,619 cropland and grassland plant assemblages, respectively, for three fundamental leaf traits (specific leaf area, SLA; leaf dry matter content, LDMC; leaf nitrogen content, LNC). Based on growing season length accounting for both temperature and soil water limitations (GSLtw), we compared trait–climate relationships between herbicide-free croplands and grasslands, and between herbicide-free and herbicide-sprayed cropland assemblages. The contribution of beta-diversity to the trait–climate relationships was then evaluated using multiple regression on distance matrices. Results: Distinct trait–climate relationships characterized herbicide-free cropland and grassland plant assemblages. CWM of all traits showed weaker relations with GSLtw in cropland relative to grassland assemblages. CWV of LDMC and LNC responded more sharply in croplands. Furthermore, no herbicide effect on trait–climate relationships was detected within cropland assemblages. These results seem to be explained by a greater taxonomic beta-diversity along the GSLtw gradient for grasslands. Conclusions: Specific trait–environment relationships characterize croplands, underlining that management intensity greatly affects trait–climate relationships for plant assemblages. Deciphering the interplay between land use intensification and climate is critical to accurately forecast functional vegetation changes in response to global changes, and hence to foster actions enhancing ecosystem resilience.

Published
2021
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4. Trait‐matching and mass effect determine the functional response of herbivore communities to land‐use intensification

Author

Gaëtane Le Provost, Marilyn Roncoroni, Nicolas Gross, Hélène Deraison, Isabelle Badenhausser, Luca Börger, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA-CEBC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ERA-Net BiodivERsA, ANR-11-EBID-0004, ECODEAL, European Project: 609398,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,AGREENSKILLSPLUS(2014), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, metacommunity, functional trait diversity, Biodiversity, Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, land-use intensification, Grassland, Grasshopper, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Herbivore, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, plant–insect interactions, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, incisor strength, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, grassland, body size, grasshoppers, resource-acquisition traits
Abstract

Summary 1.Trait-based approaches represent a promising way to understand how trophic interactions shape animal communities. The approach relies on the identification of the traits that mediate the linkages between adjacent trophic levels, i.e. “trait-matching”. Yet, how trait-matching explains the abundance and diversity of animal communities has been barely explored. This question may be particularly critical in the context of land use intensification, currently threatening biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. 2.We collected a large dataset on plant and grasshopper traits from communities living in 204 grasslands, in an intensively managed agricultural landscape. We used a multi-trait approach to quantify the relative contributions of trait-matching and land use intensification acting at both local and landscape scales on grasshopper functional diversity. We considered two key independent functional traits: incisor strength and body size of grasshopper species. Incisor strength, a resource-acquisition trait, strongly matches grasshopper feeding niche. Body size correlates with mobility traits, and may determine grasshopper dispersal abilities. 3.Plant functional diversity positively impacted the diversity of grasshopper resource-acquisition traits, according to the degree of trait-matching observed between plants and herbivores. However, this positive effect was significantly higher in old grasslands. In addition, the presence of specific habitats in the landscape (i.e. wood and alfalfa) strongly enhanced grasshopper resource-acquisition trait diversity in the focal grassland. Finally, grasshopper body size increased with landscape simplification, although the response was modulated by local factors such as soil depth. 4.Trait-matching between plants and herbivores was an important driver explaining the abundance and diversity of resource-acquisition traits within grasshopper communities. However, the presence of specific habitats in the surrounding landscape had also a strong influence on herbivore functional diversity in grasslands. Our study suggests that also mass effects are a central mechanism promoting higher functional diversity within animal communities in highly disturbed anthropogenic systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2017
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5. Designing Multifunctional and Resilient Agricultural Landscapes: Lessons from Long-Term Monitoring of Biodiversity and Land Use

Author

Vincent Bretagnolle, Sabrina Gaba, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hurford C., Wilson P., and Storkey J.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Organic farming, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, Ecosystem services, 03 medical and health sciences, Sustainable agriculture, Agroecology, Environmental planning, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Ecological stability, 0303 health sciences, Food security, Land use, business.industry, 15. Life on land, Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Agri-environment schemes, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Business, Multifunctional landscapes
Abstract

International audience; In this chapter, we illustrate how the current challenges of agriculture -i.e. maintaining food security while preserving biodiversity, landscapes and ecosystemfunctions - have been addressed in a long-term social-ecological research site,the Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, operated since 1994. After a presentation ofthe study area and its research program, we present landscape changes over the past25 years. Then, we review the most relevant studies conducted in this area thatexamined the effect of landscape on farmland biodiversity.We focus on biodiversitybecause it is a central tenet of sustainable agriculture, which delivers ecosystemservices that benefit human well-being and ensure ecosystem stability and resilience.Finally, we show that approaches that sustain biodiversity can also support foodproduction, the delivery of multiple ecosystem services and the economy of localstakeholders. One major result from studies in the LTSER ZA-PVS is that biodiversitydecline is a severe threat to food security in itself: improving biodiversity canimprove yields, gross margins, or both. Biodiversity in arable habitats is, therefore,required to maintain food security, especially through pollination, natural pestregulation and soil services. Long-term monitoring of biodiversity, ecosystem functioningand agricultural practices as well as land use revealed that the interplaybetween local and landscape factors can provide solutions to reach these goals ofmultifunctionality (biodiversity, food production and farmers’ profitability) in agricultural landscapes. The next step is to engage stakeholders, in collaboration with scientists, and increase awareness of their mutual interdependencies with natureto foster the transition to more agroecological farming.

Published
2020
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6. Neonicotinoid-induced mortality risk for bees foraging on oilseed rape nectar persists despite EU moratorium

Author

Jean Francois Odoux, Vincent Bretagnolle, Axel Decourtye, Mickaël Henry, Dimitry Wintermantel, Fabrice Allier, Abeilles, Paysages, Interactions et Systèmes de culture (APIS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS (EVA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMT PrADE, Institut Technique et Scientifique de l'Apiculture et de la Pollinisation (ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille), Abeilles et Environnement (AE), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Article issu d'une thèse en co-financement Inra-Région Poitou-Charentes, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INRA UE APIS [Surgères, France], UE Entomologie (INRA), Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions (EVA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ACTA, Acta, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU)

Subjects
Insecticides, Environmental Engineering, Plant Nectar, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nectar foraging, Foraging, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Crop, Neonicotinoids, chemistry.chemical_compound, Imidacloprid, Animals, Neonicotinoid, Environmental Chemistry, Nectar, European Union, Waste Management and Disposal, foraging bees, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Brassica napus, fungi, oilseed rape nectar, risk assessment, food and beverages, Bees, imidacloprid, Nitro Compounds, Soil type, Pollution, Environmental Policy, Agronomy, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, environmental fate
Abstract

International audience; The implication of neonicotinoids in bee declines led in 2013 to an EU moratorium on three neonicotinoids in bee-attractive crops. However, neonicotinoids are frequently detected in wild flowers or untreated crops suggesting that neonicotinoids applied to cereals can spread into the environment and harm bees. Therefore, we quantified neonicotinoid residues in nectar from winter-sown oilseed rape in western France collected within the five years under the EU moratorium. We detected all three restricted neonicotinoids. Imidacloprid was detected in all years with no clear declining trend but a strong inter- and intra-annual variation and maximum concentrations exceeding reported concentrations in treated crops. No relation to non-organic winter-sown cereals was identified even though these were the only crops treated with imidacloprid, but residue levels depended on soil type and increased with rainfall. Simulating acute and chronic mortality suggests a considerable risk for nectar foraging bees. We conclude that persistent imidacloprid soil residues diffuse on a large-scale in the environment and substantially contaminate a major mass-flowering crop. Despite the limitations of case-studies and risk simulations, our findings provide additional support to the recent extension of the moratorium to a permanent ban in all outdoor crops.

Published
2020
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7. Honey bee diet in intensive farmland habitats reveals an unexpectedly high flower richness and a major role of weeds

Author

Vincent Bretagnolle, Thierry Tamic, Mickaël Henry, Jean-François Odoux, Nathalie Moreau, Axel Decourtye, Fabrice Requier, UE 1255 Unité expérimentale Entomologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Santé des plantes et environnement (S.P.E.)-Unité expérimentale Entomologie (ENTOMOLOGIE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (UE EASM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Association de Coordination Technique Agricole (ACTA), Institut Technique et Scientifique de l'Apiculture et de la Pollinisation (ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CASDAR-Programme 9535-POLINOV, Région Poitou-Charentes, Entomologie (ENTOMOLOGIE), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
biodiversité végétale, Pollen source, Beekeeping, flore sauvage, Time Factors, Pollination, Plant Nectar, Biodiversité et Ecologie, deux sèvres, Plant Weeds, Flowers, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Biodiversity and Ecology, apis mellifera, agri-environmental schemes, Pollinator, Pollen, medicine, Nectar, ressource alimentaire, Animals, apis mellifera L, Ecosystem, paysage agricole, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, préservation de l'environnement, nectar, honey reserves, Agriculture, Honey bee, 15. Life on land, Bees, floral resources, palynological identification, Diet, pollinisation entomophile, long-terme monitoring, agricultural landscape, pollen collections, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, pollen quality
Abstract

In intensive farmland habitats, pollination of wild flowers and crops may be threatened by the widespread decline of pollinators. The honey bee decline, in particular, appears to result from the combination of multiple stresses, including diseases, pathogens, and pesticides. The reduction of semi-natural habitats is also suspected to entail floral resource scarcity for bees. Yet, the seasonal dynamics and composition of the honey bee diet remains poorly documented to date. In this study, we studied the seasonal contribution of mass-flowering crops (rapeseed and sunflower) vs. other floral resources, as well as the influence of nutritional quality and landscape composition on pollen diet composition over five consecutive years. From April to October, the mass of pollen and nectar collected by honey bees followed a bimodal seasonal trend, marked by a two-month period of low food supply between the two oilseed crop mass-flowerings (ending in May for rapeseed and July for sunflower). Bees collected nectar mainly from crops while pollen came from a wide diversity of herbaceous and woody plant species in semi-natural habitats or from weeds in crops. Weed species constituted the bulk of the honey bee diet between the mass flowering crop periods (up to 40%) and are therefore suspected to play a critical role at this time period. The pollen diet composition was related to the nutritional value of the collected pollen and by the local landscape composition. Our study highlights (1) a food supply depletion period of both pollen and nectar resources during late spring, contemporaneously with the demographic peak of honey bee populations, (2) a high botanical richness of pollen diet, mostly proceeding from trees and weeds, and (3) a pollen diet composition influenced by the local landscape composition. Our results therefore support the Agri-Environmental Schemes intended to promote honey bees and beekeeping sustainability through the enhancement of flower availability in agricultural landscapes.

Published
2015
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8. Effet des observateurs sur les réponses comportementales des poussins de busard cendré lors de suivis en conditions naturelles

Author

Juliette Rabdeau, Isabelle Badenhausser, Jérôme Moreau, Vincent Bretagnolle, Karine Monceau, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Biodiversity and Ecology, rapace, réponse comportementale, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, effet d'observateur, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, étude en condition naturelle
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