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Patients with diabetes are physiologically frail and more likely to suffer from infections and even life-threatening sepsis. This study aimed to identify and verify potential biomarkers of diabetes-related sepsis (DRS). Datasets GSE7014, GSE57065, and GSE95233 from the Gene Expression Omnibus were used to explore diabetes- and sepsis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and functional analyses were performed to explore potential functions and pathways associated with sepsis and diabetes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify diabetes- and sepsis-related modules. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to determine the characteristics and pathways of key modules. Intersecting DEGs that were also present in key modules were considered as common DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and key genes were analyzed to screen hub genes involved in DRS development. A mouse C57 BL/6J-DRS model and a neural network prediction model were constructed to verify the relationship between hub genes and DRS. In total, 7457 diabetes-related DEGs and 2606 sepsis-related DEGs were identified. GSEA indicated that gene datasets associated with diabetes and sepsis were mainly enriched in metabolic processes linked to inflammatory responses and reactive oxygen species, respectively. WGCNA indicated that grey60 and brown modules were diabetes- and sepsis-related key modules, respectively. Functional analysis showed that grey60 module genes were mainly enriched in cell morphogenesis, heart development, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, whereas genes from the brown module were mainly enriched in organelle inner membrane, mitochondrion organization, and oxidative phosphorylation. UBE2D1, IDH1, DLD, ATP5C1, COX6C, and COX7C were identified as hub genes in the PPI network. Animal DRS and neural network prediction models indicated that the expression levels of UBE2D1 and COX7C in DRS models and samples were higher than control mice. UBE2D1 and COX7C were identified as potential biomarkers of DRS. These findings may help develop treatment strategies for DRS.

Controlled synthesis of new P3HT-b-poly(phenylisocyanide) copolymer was developed under nickel-catalyzed coordination polymerizations, and their solution self-assembly behaviors were revealed.

Background Whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses risk to patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) era remains unclear. Methods 953 patients with non-metastatic, newly diagnosed NPC who received detection of serologic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and treated with IMRT were retrospectively reviewed. 171 patients had HBV infection (HBsAg seropositive). Propensity score matching method (PSM) and stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were used to address confounding. The survival rates were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the survival curves were compared by Log-rank test. Prognostic factors were explored by multivariate analysis. Results No significant survival differences were observed between HBsAg-negative group and HBsAg-positive group [5-year overall survival (OS), 87.7% vs. 83.9%, P=0.181; locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), 83.5% vs. 78.3%, P=0.109; distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), 80.2% vs. 77.9%, P=0.446; progression-free survival (PFS), 77.4% vs. 71.4%, P=0.153], consistent with the results of PSM and IPTW analysis. Further analyses revealed that HBV infection was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS [multivariate analysis; hazard ratio (HR), 3.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45–9.68; P=0.006], LRFS (HR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.37–5.95); P=0.005] in patients with stage N1, DMFS (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.15–6.09; P=0.022) and PFS (HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.34–5.14; P=0.005). Among HBsAg-positive patients, liver protection improved OS (90.3% vs. 77.2%; P=0.022). Conclusions HBV infection is an independent risk factor for patients with stage N1 NPC in the IMRT era. Hepatic protection may benefit the survival of HBsAg-positive patients.

A reinforced concrete column and steel beam (RCS) hybrid frame structure with replaceable members was proposed in this paper. Non-linear pushover analyses were conducted to investigate the overall mechanical performance of the proposed structural system. Based on the residual deformation of replaceable links after an earthquake, a method for evaluating the replaceability of members of the RCS hybrid frame was proposed. The acceptable residual inter-storey drift and residual rotation drift at the end of the link were adopted as the two indices in this method. Numerical models and full-scale experiments were performed to systematically investigate the stress and deformation of the entire section of the replaceable steel links. The residual deformation was shown to increase with an increase in the inter-storey drift (θ) and decrease with an increase in the length ratio. Then the control values of the acceptable residual deformation indices were determined through a statistical analysis of the residual deformation of links with different length ratios and link-column connection modes: when the residual inter-storey drift was less than 0.0048 rad and the residual rotation drift at the end of the links was less than 0.0074 rad, the link could be easily replaced. These findings can provide reference for similar structural designs.

Three pairs of chiral Ln-Ag(I) clusters d/l-Ln

Background: To observe the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) in combination with different antithrombotic agents in patients after initial unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: One hundred and eighty patients with initial unilateral TKA from October 2020 to December 2021 were selected, all of whom were given intraoperative intravenous 60 mg/kg TXA and were divided into the rivaroxaban group, the dalteparin sodium group, and the aspirin group according to the application of antithrombotic drugs, with 60 cases each. The rivaroxaban group received 10 mg of oral Rivaroxaban 12 h after surgery, the dalteparin sodium group received 2500 U of subcutaneous dalteparin sodium, and the aspirin group received 100 mg of oral aspirin once daily for four weeks. The incidence of various hematological indices, transfusion rate, blood loss, and complications (bleeding complications and thrombotic complications) were observed in the three groups before and after treatment. Results: The hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in the Rivaroxaban, dalteparin sodium, and aspirin groups on days 1, 3, and 5 after treatment compared with those before treatment (P0.05). Conclusion: Aspirin, Rivaroxaban, and dalteparin sodium effectively prevent venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty. The additional benefit of aspirin in reducing total blood loss, transfusion rates, and bleeding complication rates supports the use of aspirin as a suitable alternative to other anticoagulants to prevent thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty in low-risk patients. Trial registration: The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200060169). Registered date: 21/05/2022

Postmeiotic spermatids use a unique strategy to coordinate gene expression with morphological transformation, in which transcription and translation take place at separate developmental stages, but how mRNAs stored as translationally inert messenger ribonucleoproteins in developing spermatids become activated remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the RNA binding protein FXR1, a member of the fragile X–related (FXR) family, is highly expressed in late spermatids and undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to merge messenger ribonucleoprotein granules with the translation machinery to convert stored mRNAs into a translationally activated state. Germline-specific Fxr1 ablation in mice impaired the translation of target mRNAs and caused defective spermatid development and male infertility, and a phase separation–deficient FXR1 L351P mutation in Fxr1 knock-in mice produced the same developmental defect. These findings uncover a mechanism for translational reprogramming with LLPS as a key driver in spermiogenesis.

With the rapid development of economy, the past decades have experienced more and more severe energy depletion and environmental pollution issues, hence it is urgent to develop more environmental-friendly energy devices, such as fuel cells, metal-air batteries, water electrolysis and so on. However, such devices have long been suffering from the sluggish reaction kinetics and high energy barriers, plus the conventional electrocatalysts used in these devices mostly are noble-metal-based materials, such as Pt/C, IrO2, and RuO2. These noble-metal-based electrocatalysts possess significant disadvantages such as high price, limited reserves, and undesirable stability, and these factors together hinder their large-scale industrial application and the inhomogeneity of the catalyst structure at the atomic level also impose great challenges to disclose the underlying catalytic mechanism. Noble metal nanoclusters, as a promising type of electrocatalyst with definitive composition and structure, have been attracting increasingly research efforts. This review aims to summarize the recent achievements of molecular metal nanoclusters employed in electrocatalytic processes, with particular elaboration on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as well as to unravel the catalytic mechanism and establish the relationship between its structure and functionality. Specifically, the size effect, the metal core configuration, charge effect, size effect, ligand effect, and metal-ligand binding motifs of the metal clusters that would impact the electrocatalytic performance are comprehensively discussed. In the end, the outlook and perspective including challenges and opportunities are proposed. We anticipate this review would be beneficial for gaining a deeper understanding of engineering nanoclusters for electrocatalysis and to expand its application in electrocatalysis.

Background Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been widely applied in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to significantly reduce perioperative blood loss and improve knee function recovery in patients after surgery. The choice of antithrombotic agents for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention after TKA is controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of different antithrombotic agents on patients after primary unilateral TKA in the context of applied TXA. Methods A total of 180 patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA from October 2020 to December 2021 were included in this study. All patients were given an intraoperative drip of 60 mg/kg TXA. Thereafter, patients were divided into three groups (n = 60 each). Baseline data were comparable among the three groups. The average follow-up time was 3.02 ± 0.09 months. Group 1 enrolled patients receiving oral rivaroxaban (RA) at 10 mg, Group 2 included patients who received subcutaneous Dalteparin sodium at 2500 IU, while Group 3 included patients taking oral aspirin (ASA) at 100 mg. Patients in all the three groups received treatment once a day for 30 days at 12 h postoperatively. The primary outcomes in this study were post-treatment drainage volume and thrombotic complication rate. The secondary outcomes included hematologic parameters, transfusion rate, intraoperative blood loss, total blood loss (TBL), and bleeding complication rate. Results The average drainage volume after treatment was significantly lower in Group 3 than in Group 1 and Group 2 (205.2 ± 69.0 vs 243.4 ± 72.5 vs 295.4 ± 72.5 ml, P P P = 0.01). The bleeding complication rate in Group 1 apparently increased relative to Group 2 and Group 3 (26.7% vs 10.0% vs 8.3%, P = 0.008). Besides, there was no significant difference in the thrombotic complication rate among the three groups. Conclusion Under the background of TXA application, ASA, RA, and Dalteparin sodium were all effective on preventing VTE after TKA. In addition, ASA effectively reduced post-treatment Hemoglobin (Hb) loss, drainage volume, TBL, transfusion rate, and bleeding complications compared with RA and Dalteparin sodium. Trial registration The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200060169). Date of Registration: 21/05/2022.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish a prognostic stratified model of chemotherapy-based comprehensive treatment for patients with locoregional recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lrNPC), to help individualized treatment decision-making.Materials and MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed patients with lrNPC who received chemotherapy-based comprehensive treatment from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018. A total of 422 eligible patients were divided into test (n = 338) and validation (n = 84) cohorts. A LASSO cox regression model was used to identify significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in the test cohort. A nomogram was then developed based on a combined consideration of clinically meaningful prognostic factors and statistically significant prognostic factors. The performance of the nomogram was assessed with Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots.ResultsFive significant factors were identified: age, albumin (ALB), T stage after recurrent (rT), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systematic immune-inflammation index (SII). The nomogram was established with these five factors. C-index was 0.636 in the test cohort and 0.610 in the validation cohort. The calibration curves for the OS rate at 3, and 5 years showed an excellent agreement in both cohorts. In addition, the corresponding risk classification system successfully classified patients into low- and high-risk groups and performed well in stratification (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe nomogram shows well prognostic performance for lrNPC patients receiving chemotherapy-based comprehensive treatment.

A family of nanoclusters, [Ln

A polychromator is designed based on the transmission volume phase holographic grating spectrometer coupled with avalanched photon diodes through fiber bundle and has been successfully implemented on the Keda Torus eXperiment [Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 56 (2014) 094009] Thomson scattering system. The polychromator is operated with a 1064 nm laser, and the designed spectral range is from about 1000 nm to 1100 nm. The spectral channels have been optimized with a five-channel design to lower the estimated error of the electron temperature and density within 5% and 3% respectively when the temperature is around 100 eV. With a calibration method about the ratio of the channel average responses using bremsstrahlung radiation, we obtain an electron temperature of 7 eV in a typical experiment with low plasma currents.

The paper provided a simple method for preparing the β-carotene reference standard from a β-carotene food additive (96%) based on high speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The obtained material was qualitatively detected by IR, NMR, MS, the results showed the material was purified β-carotene, the purity of obtained β-carotene reference standard can be as high as 99%. The prepared reference standard can be used for quality control of related health food. The provided method is simple, universal, cheap, and the sample preparation can be enlarged to g grade.

Diffusely infiltrative low-grade gliomas (LGG) are primary brain tumours that arise predominantly in the cerebral hemispheres of younger adults. LGG can display either astrocytic or oligodendroglial histology and do not express malignant histological features. Vast majority of LGG are unified by IDH mutations. Other genomic features including ATRX as well as copy number status of chromosomes 1p and 19q serve to molecularly segregate this tumor group. Despite the exponential gains in molecular profiling and understanding of LGG, survival rates and treatment options have stagnated over the past few decades with few advancements. In this study, we utilize low grade glioma RNA-seq data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-LGG) and tandem mass-spectrometry on an in-house cohort of 54 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) LGG specimens to investigate the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles across the three molecular subtypes of LGG (Type I: IDH mutant – 1p19q co-deleted, Type II: IDH mutant – 1p19q retained, Type III: IDH wildtype). Within the 3 LGG subtypes, gene expression was driven heavily by IDH mutation and 1p19q co-deletion. In concordance with RNA expression, we were able to identify decreased expressions of proteins coded in 1p19q in Type I LGG. Further proteomic analysis identified 54 subtype specific proteins that were used to classify the three subtypes using a multinomial regression model (AUC = 0.911). Type I LGG were found to have increased protein expression of several metabolic proteins while Type III LGG were found to have increased immune infiltration and inflammation related proteins. Here we present the largest proteomic cohort of LGG and show that proteomic profiles can be successfully analyzed from FFPE tissues. We uncover previously known and novel subtype specific markers that are useful for the proteomic classification of LGG subtypes.

A novel valine-based isocyanonaphthalene (NpI) was designed and synthesized by using an easy method and enabled the selective fluorescence detection of Hg2+. The chemodosimeter can display an immediate turn-on fluorescence response (500-fold) towards target metal ions upon the Hg2+-mediated conversion of isocyano to amino within NpI. Based on this specific reaction, the fluorescence-enhancement probe revealed a high sensitivity toward Hg2+ over other common metal ions and exhibited excellent aqueous solubility, good antijamming capability, high sensitivity (detection limit: 14.2 nM), and real-time detection. The response mechanism of NpI was supported by NMR spectroscopy, MS analysis and DFT theoretical calculation using various techniques. Moreover, a dipeptidomimetic NpI probe was successfully applied to visualize intracellular Hg2+ in living cells and monitor Hg2+ in real water samples with good recoveries and small relative standard deviations.

Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have always been a heated research topic in bone tissue regeneration and repair because of their self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential. A large number of studies have been focused on finding the inducing factors that will promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Previous studies have shown that macrophage exosomes or miRNA-26a-5p can make it work, but the function of this kind of substance on cell osteogenic differentiation has not been public. Methods M2 macrophages are obtained from IL-4 polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages. Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of M2 macrophages and identified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, and DLS. Chondrogenic differentiation potential was detected by Alcian blue staining. Oil red O staining was used to detect the potential for lipogenic differentiation. And MTT would detect the proliferative capacity of cells. Western blot was performed to detect differential expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins. Results The results showed that M2 macrophage exosomes will promote bone differentiation and at the same time inhibit lipid differentiation. In addition, M2 macrophage-derived exosomes have the function of promoting the expression of SOX and Aggrecan suppressing the level of MMP13. The exosome inhibitor GW4689 suppresses miRNA-26a-5p in M2 macrophage exosomes, and the treated exosomes do not play an important role in promoting bone differentiation. Moreover, miRNA-26a-5p can enable to promote bone differentiation and inhibit lipid differentiation. miRNA-26a-5p can promote the expression of ALP (alkaline phosphatase), RUNX-2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), OPN(osteopontin), and Col-2(collagen type II). Therefore, it is speculated that exosomal miRNA-26a-5p is indispensable in osteogenic differentiation. Conclusions The present study indicated that M2 macrophage exosomes carrying miRNA-26a-5p can induce osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells to inhibit lipogenic differentiation, and miRNA-26a-5p will also promote the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins ALP, RUNX-2, OPN, and Col-2.

Background Solanesol is an important pharmaceutical intermediate raw material, mainly used to synthesize coenzyme Q10, vitamin K2. It can be found prominent in potato stems and leaves. But now potato stems and leaves are always abandoned or discarded as they are not suitable for use as feed in aquaculture or other purposes. These agricultural waste resources can be reutilized as the corresponding extracts. Objective To develop a simple and standardized method for the detection of total solanesol in potato leaves and its extracts. Methods N-hexane was chosen as the extraction solvent for three times in the solanesol extraction from potato leaves. HPLC-MS was used for the detection. Results The LOQ was 0.3 µg/g and the linear range was from 0.1 to 50 µg/mL. The precision and stability were evaluated by the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of three samples (potato leaves, Extract-1, Extract-2) for interday and intraday. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by the recoveries of three different spiked concentrations of solanesol for three samples, and results showed it ranged from 80.7% to 99.0% with RSDs less than 8.7%. Conclusions The method we established can provide a simple and standardized way for the extraction and detection of total solanesol. Highlights The work laid a foundation for the resource reutilization of potato stem and leaf.

Bi2S3 is a n-type (negative type) semiconductor that has a narrow band gap and an ideal band edge position for hydrogen generation. However, high charge recombination rate, low photoelectrochemical (PEC) efficiency and poor stability are of major concerns of Bi2S3 as a photoelectrode. Herein, we report an efficient Vanadium-rich Bi2S3 nanowires (atomic ratio of V to Bi is 1/22) that have been prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by an in-situ solution-processed reaction with BiVO4 film as precursor. The resulting V-rich photoelectrode demonstrates notably high charge separation efficiency and fast charge transport with respect to pristine Bi2S3 nanowires. As a result, the photocurrent density of ca. 10 mA·cm−2 at -0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl is obtained under visible light illumination. In addition, V-rich Bi2S3 generates IPCE (incident photocurrent-to-current conversion efficiency) of 50% at 460 nm and 45% at 760 nm, demonstrating a 2.0 and 2.8-fold increase, respectively, when compared with pristine Bi2S3. This enhancement is probably due to increased light absorption, less charge recombination, and faster charge transfer. More importantly, in contrast to pristine Bi2S3 sample that suffers detrimental photocorrosion in sulfide containing electrolyte, V-rich Bi2S3 nanowires retain 84.6% of its initial photocurrent over the course of 1 h. These findings are expected to shed light on engineering high-performance and robust metal sulfide materials for photoelectrochemical application.

The identification of relevant impurities in the precursor chloroephedrine of the illegal drug methamphetamine will help for regulating this illegal drug and finding its sources. An efficient and effective method for qualitatively analysing samples of the drug was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-IT/TOF MS). The chloroephedrine fragmentation pathway was proposed using HPLC-MSn. Two impurities (1R, 2S)-β-chloro-methamphetamine and N-(1-phenyl-allyl)-β-chloro-methamphetamine in chloroephedrine samples were identified by the optimized HPLC-IT/TOF-MS. The synthetic route of the chloroephedrine samples was proposed by the analysis of these impurities. The established method would make it easy to identify impurities and find the source of this illegal drug. In addition, a method for the preparation of a chloroephedrine reference standard from actual samples was developed using preparative HPLC. The purity of the obtained standards was 99.51%.

Increasing the voltage window of an electrode material is effective for improving the energy density of aqueous symmetric supercapacitors. Herein, a novel aqueous symmetric supercapacitor equipped with a high cell voltage window of 2.6 V was assembled by P-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays on a Ti sheet. The arrays exhibit a wide potential range of about 1.2 V as the cathode, and a stable wide potential range of 1.4 V as the anode was also obtained. These wide potential windows in the cathode and anode render the symmetric supercapacitor with a very large working voltage window reaching 2.6 V, and thus a high volumetric energy density (1.65 mW h cm−3). These results suggest that P-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays can be promising candidates for energy storage devices.

A series of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Co(II) mixed-ligand coordination complexes, namely, [Cd2(2,4-D)4(PBIX)2] (1), [Cd(2,4-D)2(OBIX)]n (2), [Zn(2,4-D)2(OBIX)]n (3), [Co(2,4-D)2(BIM)(H2O)2]n (4), and [Cd(2,4-D)(NBI)]n (5) (2,4-DH = 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, PBIX = 1,4-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene, OBIX = 1,2-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene, BIM = 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(benzimidazole), and NBIH = 6-nitrobenzimidazole) have been prepared and fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analysis reveals that the bimetallic Cd(II) subunits in complex 1 are bridged by PBIX to form a 0D structure with 26-membered metallomacrocycle. In complexes 2, 3 and 4, the metal centers are linked by OBIX or BIM molecules to generate 1D chains. In complex 5, the Cd(II) ions are bridged by NBI ligands to form a 2D network, which is further extended to a 3D framework through π–π stacking interaction. The structural diversification of complexes 1–5 illustrates the great influence of the metal centers and imidazole-containing ligands on the self-assembly of coordination architectures. In addition, solid fluorescence properties and thermal stability for these crystalline materials are also studied. A series of Cd(II)/Zn(II)/Co(II) coordination compounds based on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and different imidazole-containing ligands have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized. Photoluminescent properties have been discussed.

The phototoxicity of UV light limits the application of conventional azobenzene-based photoresponsive molecularly imprinted polymers in the biomedical field. This paper reports a tetra-ortho-methox...

Exosomes are vesicles with sizes ranging from 30 to 150 nm. The analysis and detection of blood exosomes offers an effective route for cancer diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and therapeutic evaluation of diseases. Due to the difference in separation procedure, collection method and the usage of anticoagulants, serum and plasma samples show diversity test results. In order to evaluate the isolation effect of exosomes in serum and plasma samples, two commonly used exosomal isolation methods, ultracentrifugation and polymer-based precipitation kit, were used, respectively. And the isolation effects were evaluated by comparing the composition and abundant of proteins from isolated exosomes based on MS-based proteomics analysis. The results showed that the plasma exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation identified more exosome biomarkers, and the concentrations of these biomarkers were higher than others. And plasma exosomes could be a better sample for blood-based proteomics research of exosomes. It would be more useful for future targeted biomarker discovery.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (THDG) is used as a Chinese traditional anti-inflammatory medicine for about thousands of years. In this work, Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg's polysaccharide (TP) can inhibit E. coli's growth in initial dosing period. Compared with the antibacterial effect of Achyranthe's polysaccharide (AP) from their metabolic profile, it's obviously that their metabolic sites for E. coli were inconsistent. Moreover, TP could not only increase the level of fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), decrease the level of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FBP), but also charge the amount of the two differential metabolic with the change of the concentration and the dosing time. Actually, F6P could transform into FBP by catalyze of 6-phosphofructokinase-1(6-PFK-1), which is an important process in glycolysis. Furthermore, FBP was considered have positively correlated with E. coli's growth rate. Therefore, TP can inhibit the E. coli's proliferation by interfering with the process for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Based on the experimental result, we proposed a new mouthwash method to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity. Compared with AP, TP can inhibit the E. coli's growth within 2 h with a low concentration (0.5%) and a short dosing time (5 min). This study extends the applications of THDG and establishes a new assessment method for the pharmacology activity of Chinese herbal medicine.

PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are specifically expressed in animal germlines and play essential roles during gametogenesis in animals. The primary function of PIWI/piRNAs is known to silence transposable elements for protecting genome integrity in animal germlines, while their roles beyond silencing transposons are also documented by us and others. In particular, we show that mouse PIWIL1 (MIWI)/piRNAs play a dual role in regulating protein-coding genes in mouse spermatids through interacting with different protein factors in a developmental stage-dependent manner, including translationally activating a subset of AU-rich element-containing mRNAs in round spermatids and inducing massive mRNA degradation in late spermatids. We further show that MIWI is eliminated through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway during late spermiogenesis. By exploring the biological function of MIWI ubiquitination by APC/C, we identified ubiquitination-deficient mutations in human PIWIL1 of infertile men and further established their causative role in male infertility in mouse model, supporting PIWIL1 as a human male infertility-relevant gene. Additionally, we reported that PIWIL1, aberrantly induced in human tumors, functions as an oncoprotein in a piRNA-independent manner in cancer cells. In the current review, we summarize our latest findings regarding the roles and mechanisms of PIWIL1 and piRNAs in mouse spermatids and human diseases, and discuss the related works in the field.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term local control, failure patterns, and toxicities after individualized clinical target volume (CTV) delineation in unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods: Unilateral NPC was defined as nasopharyngeal mass confined to one side of nasopharynx and did not significantly exceed the midline of nasopharyngeal apex/posterior wall. From November 2003 to December 2017, 95 patients with long-term follow-up were retrospectively included. All patients received IMRT. The CTVs were determined based on the distance from the gross tumor, the contralateral parapharyngeal space and skull base orifices were spared from irradiation.Results: There were 3 local recurrence and 8 regional recurrences in 10 patients during 84- month follow-up. All local recurrences were PGTVnx-in-field, and no recurrences in traditional high-risk area including contralateral parapharyngeal space and skull base orifices. The 10-year local-recurrence free survival, regional-recurrence free survival and overall survival were 96.2%, 90.5% and 84.7%, respectively. The dosimetry parameters of the tumor-contralateral organs were all lower than the values of the tumor-ipsilateral side (P < 0.05). The late toxicities occurred mainly in the tumor-ipsilateral organs, including radiation-induced temporal lobe injury, impaired visuality, hearing loss and subcutaneous fibrosis.Conclusion: Individualized CTV delineation in unilateral NPC could yield excellent long-term local control with limited out-of-field recurrences, reduced dose to tumor- contralateral organs and mild late toxicities, which is worthy of further exploration.

To evaluate the long-term local control, failure patterns, and toxicities after individualized clinical target volume (CTV) delineation in unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Unilateral NPC was defined as a nasopharyngeal mass confined to one side of the nasopharynx and did not exceed the midline. From November 2003 to December 2017, 95 patients were retrospectively included. All patients received IMRT. The CTVs were determined based on the distance from the gross tumor. The contralateral para-pharyngeal space and skull base orifices were spared from irradiation.There were three local recurrences and eight regional recurrences in 10 patients during an 84-month follow-up. All local recurrences were within PGTVnx, and all in-field recurrences. No recurrences were found in traditional high-risk areas including contralateral the para-pharyngeal space and skull base orifices. The 10-year local-recurrence-free survival, regional-recurrence-free survival and overall survival were 96.2%, 90.5% and 84.7%, respectively. The dosimetry parameters of the tumor-contralateral organs were all lower than the values of the tumor-ipsilateral side (P 0.05). The late toxicities occurred mainly in the tumor-ipsilateral organs, including radiation-induced temporal lobe injury, impaired visuality, hearing loss and subcutaneous fibrosis.Individualized CTV delineation in unilateral NPC could yield excellent long-term local control with limited out-of-field recurrences, reduced dose to tumor- contralateral organs and mild late toxicities, which is worthy of further exploration.

This study aimed to summarize and analyze dental emergence data and compare with the same period from 2017 to the first half of 2020, to provide a basis for improving the quality of dental emergency care and formulating rational allocation.A total dental emergency cases from 2017 to the first half of 2020 were collected, statistical analysis was carried out according to patients' sex and age, chief complaints and diagnosis with SPSS 18.0 software package.The top three diseases in 2017 of dental emergency were maxillofacial trauma, facial infection and dental pulp disease. From 2018, most of the specialized patients were treated due to oral craniomaxillofacial injury , maxillofacial infection and tumors. The top three chief complaints for 3 consecutive years were facial swelling, toothache and dental trauma. The difference of emergency data within 4 years was statistically significant.There are a large number of patients which follow the regular pattern and a wide scope of disease types in dental emergency department. The total amount has a rising trend year by year. After divisions of dental emergency department are established, the patients' treatment is more timely, convenient and targeted, and the quality of medical service has been improving.

SMYD2, as an oncogene, has been involved in multiple types of cancer, but the potential role of SMYD2 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) remains enigmatic and requires further investigation. Hence, this study was conducted with the main objective of analyzing the effect of SMYD2 on GIST. GIST and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 46 patients with GIST where the expression of EZH2, SMYD2, and TET1 was determined, followed by the analysis of their interactions. The functional role of SMYD2 in cell biological functions was determined using a loss-of-function assay in GIST-T1 cells. Nude mouse xenograft experiments were performed to verify the role of the SMYD2/EZH2/TET1 axis in GIST in vivo. EZH2 was upregulated in GIST tissues and cell lines, which was positively correlated with SMYD2 expression and inversely correlated with TET1 expression in GIST tissues. EZH2 silencing due to SMYD2 inhibition reduced GIST-T1 cell proliferation and accelerated cell senescence. EZH2 repressed TET1 expression by promoting H3K27me3 methylation in the TET1 promoter region. TET1 inhibition reversed the effect of EZH2 silencing on the biological functions of GIST-T1 cells. In vivo data further revealed the promoting effect of SMYD2 on the progression of GIST by regulating the EZH2/TET1 axis. Overall, this study demonstrates that SMYD2 can increase EZH2 expression while suppressing TET1 expression, thus accelerating GIST, and creating new treatment opportunities for GIST.