Search

Additional file 1: eTable 1. Search strategy literature search. eTable 2. Study quality assessment. eTable 3. Characteristics of included studies. eTable 4. Meta-regression analyses prevalence specific NPS. eTable 5. Meta-regression analyses severity specific NPS. eTable 6. Publication bias measures for all meta-analyses. eTable 7. Duval and Tweedie’s trim-and-fill method to adjust for publication bias. eTable 8. Sex differences in the prevalence NPS for meta-analyses that excluded outliers. eTable 9. Sex differences in the severity of NPS for meta-analyses that excluded outliers. eFigure 1. Forest plots for meta-analyses prevalence specific NPS. eFigure 2. Forest plots for meta-analyses severity specific NPS. eFigure 3. Funnel plots for meta-analyses prevalence specific NPS. eFigure 4. Funnel plots for meta-analyses severity specific NPS.

Apathy is characterized by loss of motivation, decreased initiative, and emotional blunting. It is highly prevalent in neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, cerebrovascular disorders, and mild behavioural impairment. It has negative outcomes including impairments in activities of daily living, caregiver burden, and higher rates of institutionalization and mortality. The definition of apathy has changed over the years alongside the development of diagnostic criteria and apathy scales and measurements. Apathy is emerging as a treatment target with interest in pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and neuromodulatory treatments for apathy. There is also an increased understanding of the neurobiology of apathy with functional and structural neuroimaging research studies. This book is a comprehensive, in-depth review from experts in neurology and psychiatry. It examines the current state of apathy in these various disorders while also summarizing apathy diagnostic criteria, scales and measurements, neuropathology, and treatments.

Additional file 1. Participant selection flow chart, figure showing logical memory performance over time in the AD dementia group, table of respiratory medications, table of participant characteristics before propensity score matching, and tables for post-hoc analyses.

Additional file 1. Participant inclusion/exclusion flowchart, APOE ε4 carrier vs. non-carrier plots, and tables for secondary cognitive outcomes.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. 95% Confidence Intervals for standardized estimates (β) in model predicting change in executive function over one year

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. 95% Confidence Intervals for standardized estimates (β) in model predicting change in memory over one year

Supplemental Material for Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Mood, Cognition and Fatigue following Stroke, 6th edition update 2019 by Krista L Lanctôt, M Patrice Lindsay, Eric E Smith, Demetrios J Sahlas, Norine Foley, Gord Gubitz, Melissa Austin, Kristyn Ball, Sanjit Bhogal, Treena Blake, Nathan Herrmann, David Hogan, Aisha Khan, Stewart Longman, Andrea King, Carol Leonard, Tricia Shoniker, Trudy Taylor, Moira Teed, Andrea de Jong, Anita Mountain, Leanne K Casaubon, Dar Dowlatshahi, Richard H Swartz and on behalf of the Management of Mood, Cognition and Fatigue Following Stroke Best Practice Writing Group, the Heart & Stroke Canadian Stroke Best Practices and Quality Advisory Committee; in collaboration with the Canadian Stroke Consortium in International Journal of Stroke

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are widespread and disabling. This has been known since Dr. Alois Alzheimer's first case, Frau Auguste D., presented with emotional distress and delusions of infidelity/excessive jealousy, followed by cognitive symptoms. Being cognizant of this, in 2010 the Alzheimer's Association convened a research roundtable on the topic of NPS in AD. A major outcome of the roundtable was the founding of a Professional Interest Area (PIA) within the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART). The NPS-PIA has prepared a series of documents that are intended to summarize the literature and provide more detailed specific recommendations for NPS research. This overview paper is the first of these living documents that will be updated periodically as the science advances. The overview is followed by syndrome-specific synthetic reviews and recommendations prepared by NPS-PIA workgroups on depression, apathy, sleep, agitation, and psychosis.

Palivizumab, a specific monoclonal antibody for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is available for prevention of pediatric respiratory tract infections. What are the indications for its use and can it be used for treatment of RSV infections?Most infants should not be considered for RSV prophylaxis with palivizumab. The drug is approved for use for different indications in different Canadian provinces. The drug should be administered only in the context of infants most vulnerable to severe RSV illness with a high likelihood of hospital admission, particularly in the first 6 months of life. It is not effective in the treatment of RSV disease and it is not approved or recommended for this indication.

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) are a global crisis facing the aging population and society as a whole. With the numbers of people with ADRDs predicted to rise dramatically across the world, the scientific community can no longer neglect the need for research focusing on ADRDs among underrepresented ethnoracial diverse groups. The Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART; alz.org/ISTAART) comprises a number of professional interest areas (PIAs), each focusing on a major scientific area associated with ADRDs. We leverage the expertise of the existing international cadre of ISTAART scientists and experts to synthesize a cross-PIA white paper that provides both a concise “state-of-the-science” report of ethnoracial factors across PIA foci and updated recommendations to address immediate needs to advance ADRD science across ethnoracial populations.