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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605211068720 for Blood pressure and cognitive function among older adults in India by Madeline R. Farron, Mohammed U. Kabeto, Deborah A. Levine, Caroline R. Wixom and Kenneth M. Langa in Journal of International Medical Research

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605211068720 for Blood pressure and cognitive function among older adults in India by Madeline R. Farron, Mohammed U. Kabeto, Deborah A. Levine, Caroline R. Wixom and Kenneth M. Langa in Journal of International Medical Research

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among older adults as well as among veterans in the United States and can increase risk for dementia. We compared prevalence of TBI in older male veterans and civilians using a nationally representative sample. We examined data from 599 male respondents to the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative survey of older adults, randomly selected to participate in a comprehensive TBI survey. Respondents self-reported no injury, non-TBI head/neck injury (NTI), or TBI. We used weighted analyses to examine prevalence of injury and relative risk of injury subtypes. Among male veterans, we found a national prevalence of more than 70% for lifetime history of any head/neck injury (TBI plus NTI), 14.3% for multiple NTI, and 36% for lifetime history of at least one TBI. In contrast, prevalence estimates for male civilians were 58% for lifetime history of head/neck injury, 4.8% for multiple NTI, and 45% for lifetime history of at least one TBI (all comparisons, p

Additional file 1: Table 1. Measures of Social Capital Using the HRS Psychosocial and Lifestyle Questionnaire (In-Depth) [9]. Table 2. Missingness of social capital indicator HRS questions pre-imputation, all years. Table 3a. Cronbach Alpha (HRS Psychosocial & Lifestyle Questionnaire Questions). Table 3b. Cronbach Alpha (Social Capital Composite Score Categories). Table 4. HRS Questionnaire sample characteristics pre- and post-imputation 7. Table 5. Sample Characteristics - Social capital components and readmissions 2008–2015. Figure 1a. Distribution of Social Capital – All Patients. Figure 1b. Distribution of Social Capital – Patients with Dementia. Figure 1c. Distribution of Social Capital – Dually-Eligible Patients.

ObjectiveTo determine the national prevalence of psychotropic use and association with neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients with dementia.MethodsParticipants diagnosed with dementia (n = 414) in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study, a nationally representative survey of US adults >70 years old. Diagnosis was based on in-person clinical assessment and informant interview. Information collected included demographics, place of residence, 10-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and prescribed medications (antipsychotic, sedative-hypnotic, antidepressant, mood stabilizer).ResultsOf 414 participants with dementia, 41.4% were prescribed a psychotropic medication, including 84.0% of nursing home residents and 28.6% of community-dwellers. Of participants, 23.5% were prescribed an antidepressant. Compared with the total NPI score of those on no medication (4.5), those on antipsychotics and those on sedative-hypnotics had much higher scores (respectively: 12.6, p

BackgroundDetection of "any cognitive impairment" is mandated as part of the Medicare annual wellness visit, but screening all patients may result in excessive false positives.MethodsWe developed and validated a brief Dementia Screening Indicator using data from four large, ongoing cohort studies (the Cardiovascular Health Study [CHS]; the Framingham Heart Study [FHS]; the Health and Retirement Study [HRS]; the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging [SALSA]) to help clinicians identify a subgroup of high-risk patients to target for cognitive screening.ResultsThe final Dementia Screening Indicator included age (1 point/year; ages, 65-79 years), less than 12years of education (9 points), stroke (6 points), diabetes mellitus (3 points), body mass index less than 18.5kg/m(2) (8 points), requiring assistance with money or medications (10 points), anddepressive symptoms (6 points). Accuracy was good across the cohorts (Harrell's C statistic: CHS, 0.68; FHS, 0.77; HRS, 0.76; SALSA, 0.78).ConclusionsThe Dementia Screening Indicator is a simple tool that may be useful in primary care settings to identify high-risk patients to target for cognitive screening.

BackgroundPoststroke cognitive decline (PSCD) is an important consequence of stroke that may be more severe in women than in men. The existence of any gender differences in PSCD among Mexican Americans, and their potential mechanisms, such as blood pressure (BP), remain unknown. We assessed PSCD stratified on gender in older Mexican Americans and explored the influence of pre- and poststroke systolic BP on PSCD.MethodsAmong 1576 nondemented, stroke-free adults 60 years of age or older when recruited between 1998 and 1999 in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA) cohort, we examined pre- and poststroke longitudinal changes in Spanish English Verbal Learning test scores (WL), a verbal memory test, and errors on the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MSE) scores, a global cognition test, stratified by gender, adjusting for baseline and time-varying covariates with linear mixed effects models.ResultsWe identified 151 adults (mean age 72 ± 8 years) with incident first-ever stroke during 10 years of follow-up. After adjustment for age, education, and time-varying depressive symptoms, 3MSE errors increased by 22% per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.8-36.7%) in men and 13.2% per year (95% CI 3.5-22.9%) in women over the poststroke period. Poststroke WL scores improved by 0.05 words per year (95% CI -0.24 to 0.33) in men and by 0.09 words per year (95% CI -0.16 to 0.34) in women. Results persisted after adjustment for time-varying systolic BP.ConclusionsAmong this population of older Mexican Americans, PSCD did not differ by gender. We found no evidence that systolic BP influenced PSCD in women or men.