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Berlin comme contrepoint du Grand Paris ? Comment peut-on parler pour cette ville en termes de capitale, de métropole ou de ville globale à l'époque contemporaine. En introduction, je ferai trois détours en passant par Bonn, par le Berlin d'avant 1989 et par la question du régime fédéral en Allemagne. L'exemple de Bonn Bonn, petite ville allemande, est surtout connue pour avoir été capitale de la République Fédérale Allemande de 1949 à 1990 de manière officielle, et jusqu'en 1999 de manière effective. Elle a choisi en 2009 un logo municipal qu'il m'a semblé intéressant d'analyser. Celui-ci est basé sur...

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Manipuler la carte, objet devenu très commun en géographie, ne doit en aucun cas faire oublier la part de construction, consciente ou non, inhérente à sa conception. Un récent ouvrage édité par l’hebdomadaire Courrier International, intitulé L’Atlas des atlas : le monde vu d’ailleurs en 200 cartes vient encore le démontrer et l’illustrer. Il s’agit d’une réactualisation d’un numéro hors-série du Courrier International publié en 2005. En marge des éditions universitaires, adressé au grand publ...

« La notion de « lieu de mémoire » est-elle exportable ? » se demandait Pierre Nora en 1992. L’ouvrage intitulé Mémoires allemandes, dirigé par l’historien allemand Hagen Schulze et l’historien français (Berlinois d’adoption) Etienne François, tente de répondre positivement à la question, en appliquant la démarche des célèbres Lieux de Mémoire à l’Allemagne réunifiée. Que représentent les contes de Grimm en Allemagne ? Pourquoi la destruction du Palais de la République à Berlin fait débat ? D...

The purpose of this research was the investigation of the ozonation of sludge as a method to improve anaerobic digestion performance in a chemically enhanced primary treatment facility. Batch tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of ozonation on the physicochemical characteristics of both primary and digested sludge. Then, the performance of semi-continuous anaerobic digesters in combination with ozone treatment was investigated (pre-ozonation and post-ozonation). Ozonation of primary sludge did not increase the soluble COD nor the biodegradable COD, but resulted in the mineralization of a fraction of the organic matter into CO2. However, the ozonation of anaerobic digested sludge resulted in an increase in soluble COD and biodegradable COD and in a small level of mineralization at the dose of 90 mg O3/g COD. Pre-ozonation of primary sludge was not effective in enhancing the performance of the anaerobic digester. The coupling of ozonation and anaerobic digestion by means of the post-ozonation of digested sludge was found to be effective in improving methane production (+16%), for COD removal efficiency and for the dewaterability of anaerobic digesters compared to the control digester.

The purpose of this research was the investigation of the ozonation of sludge as a method to improve anaerobic digestion performance in a chemically enhanced primary treatment facility. Batch tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of ozonation on the physicochemical characteristics of both primary and digested sludge. Then, the performance of semi-continuous anaerobic digesters in combination with ozone treatment was investigated (pre-ozonation and post-ozonation). Ozonation of primary sludge did not increase the soluble COD nor the biodegradable COD, but resulted in the mineralization of a fraction of the organic matter into CO2. However, the ozonation of anaerobic digested sludge resulted in an increase in soluble COD and biodegradable COD and in a small level of mineralization at the dose of 90 mg O3/g COD. Pre-ozonation of primary sludge was not effective in enhancing the performance of the anaerobic digester. The coupling of ozonation and anaerobic digestion by means of the post-ozonation of digested sludge was found to be effective in improving methane production (+16%), for COD removal efficiency and for the dewaterability of anaerobic digesters compared to the control digester.

The purpose of this research was the investigation of the ozonation of sludge as a method to improve anaerobic digestion performance in a chemically enhanced primary treatment facility. Batch tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of ozonation on the physicochemical characteristics of both primary and digested sludge. Then, the performance of semi-continuous anaerobic digesters in combination with ozone treatment was investigated (pre-ozonation and post-ozonation). Ozonation of primary sludge did not increase the soluble COD nor the biodegradable COD, but resulted in the mineralization of a fraction of the organic matter into CO2. However, the ozonation of anaerobic digested sludge resulted in an increase in soluble COD and biodegradable COD and in a small level of mineralization at the dose of 90 mg O3/g COD. Pre-ozonation of primary sludge was not effective in enhancing the performance of the anaerobic digester. The coupling of ozonation and anaerobic digestion by means of the post-ozonation of digested sludge was found to be effective in improving methane production (+16%), for COD removal efficiency and for the dewaterability of anaerobic digesters compared to the control digester.