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Blast-induced fractures are simulated by a novel gas-solid interaction model, which combines an immersed-body method and a cohesive zone fracture model. The approach employs a finite element fluid model and a combined finite-discrete element solid model. This model is fully coupled and simulates the whole blasting process including gas pressure impulse, shock wave propagation, gas expansion, fragmentation and burden movement phases. In the fluid model, the John-Wilkins-Lee equation of state is introduced to resolve the relationship between pressure and density of the highly compressible gas in blasts and explosions. A Q-scheme is used to stabilise the model when solving extremely high pressure situations. Two benchmark tests, blasting cylinder and projectile fire, are used to validate this coupled model. The results of these tests are in good agreement with experimental data. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed method, a blasting engineering simulation with shock waves, fracture propagation, gas-solid interaction and flying fragments is simulated.

Ultrasound may have inherent shortcomings that preclude its ability to coagulate grease from wastewater, yet these may be overcome by the simultaneous application of electrolysis. We studied the role of pH, conductivity, temperature, ultrasound intensity and duration, and electrolysis voltage, current, and duration, in the study treatment. Conductivity was found to be the most significant factor, however interactions among the eight study variables are likely more important than individual factors. The proposed process was capable of removing up to 100% of grease from the studied wastewater.

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A patient with fever, and haemorrhagic symptoms was admitted to a hospital in Glasgow on 2 October 2012. Since he had returned from Afghanistan, serum samples were sent for diagnosis at the Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, where a real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR diagnosis of Crimean – Congo haemorrhagic fever was made within 3 hrs after receipt of the sample. Hereafter the patient was transferred to a high-security infectious diseases unit in London but died on 6 October.

The combined finite-discrete element method (FEMDEM) implemented in Solidity is employed to simulate the effects of geometrical features and loading orientation on the pre- and postfailure behaviour of catalyst supports. In this paper, a comparison with experimental results and a mesh sensitivity analysis for the numerical simulations of uniaxial compression tests on cylindrical pellets are presented and discussed. The structural strength of complex-shaped pellets under simplified loading conditions is investigated with numerical simulations. Some preliminary results that give an insight into the relation between the shape of catalyst supports and their mechanical performance are also presented and discussed.

The Globcover initiative comprises the development and demonstration of a service that in first instance produces a global land cover map for year 2005/2006. Globcover uses MERIS fine resolution (300 m) mode data acquired between mid 2005 and mid 2006 and, for maximum user benefit, the thematic legend is compatible with the UN land cover classification system (LCCS). This new product updates and complements the other existing comparable global products, such as the global land cover map at 1 km resolution for the year 2000 (GLC2000) produced by JRC. It is expected to improve such previous global product, in particular because of the finer spatial resolution. The Globcover project is an initiative of ESA in cooperation with an international network of partner including EEA, FAO, GOFC-GOLD, IGBP, JRC and UNEP.

Ice needles were grown from the vapour on extremely fine quartz fibres situated inside a diffusion chamber. When temperature gradients were applied to the needles charge was separated within them; the colder end became positively charged and the warmer negatively charged. the magnitude of the charge separation was determined by measuring the deflection of the needles in a weak electric field and was in approximate agreement with Mason's equations. Measurement was made of the charge acquired by an ice needle when it was momentarily touched against a dendrite inside the diffusion chamber. When the needle was warmer than the dendrite it acquired negative charge, and when it was colder it acquired a positive charge. the magnitude of the charge transfer was explicable approximately in terms of Mason's equations.