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2. Development of a novel corrugated polyvinylidene difluoride membrane via improved imprinting technique for membrane distillation

Author

Nawi, NIM, Bilad, MR, Zolkhiflee, N, Nordin, NAH, Lau, WJ, Narkkun, T, Faungnawakij, K, Arahman, N, and Mahlia, TMI

Abstract

© 2019 by the authors. Membrane distillation (MD) is an attractive technology for desalination, mainly because its performance that is almost independent of feed solute concentration as opposed to the reverse osmosis process. However, its widespread application is still limited by the low water flux, low wetting resistance and high scaling vulnerability. This study focuses on addressing those limitations by developing a novel corrugated polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane via an improved imprinting technique for MD. Corrugations on the membrane surface are designed to offer an effective surface area and at the same time act as a turbulence promoter to induce hydrodynamic by reducing temperature polarization. Results show that imprinting of spacer could help to induce surface corrugation. Pore defect could be minimized by employing a dual layer membrane. In short term run experiment, the corrugated membrane shows a flux of 23.1 Lm-2h-1 and a salt rejection of > 99%, higher than the referenced flat membrane (flux of 18.0 Lm-2h_asuf and similar rejection). The flux advantage can be ascribed by the larger effective surface area of the membrane coupled with larger pore size. The flux advantage could be maintained in the long-term operation of 50 h at a value of 8.6 Lm-2h-1. However, the flux performance slightly deteriorates over time mainly due to wetting and scaling. An attempt to overcome this limitation should be a focus of the future study, especially by exploring the role of cross-flow velocity in combination with the corrugated surface in inducing local mixing and enhancing system performance.

Published
2019

4. Recommendations for management of patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases

Author

Andrea, Frilling, Modlin, Irvin M., Mark, Kidd, Christopher, Russell, Stefan, Breitenstein, Riad, Salem, Dik, Kwekkeboom, Wan yee Lau, Catherine, Klersy, Valerie, Vilgrain, Brian, Davidson, Mark, Siegler, Martyn, Caplin, Enrico, Solcia, Richard, Schilsky, Adam, R, Akerstrom, G, Belghiti, J, Breitenstein, S, Clavien, Pa, Frilling, A, Gustafsson, B, Krenning, E, Modlin, Im, Norton, J, Öberg, K, Poston, G, Ruszniewski, P, Tait, P, Toogood, G, Russell, C, Bouvier, C, Jarecki, A, Klersy, C, Lau, Wj, Siegler, M, Rindi, G, Kidd, M, Vilgrain, V, Baum, Rp, Heaton, N, Garden, J, Fan, St, Van Gulik, T, Sipperstein, A, Kwekkeboom, D, Caplin, M, Lawrence, B, de Herder, W, Ito, T, Perren, A, Davidson, B, Klimstra, Ds, Kloppel, G, Scarpa, A, Meyer, T, Knuth, A, Chen, H, Van Cutsem, E, Pavel, Me, Kos Kudla, B, Conlon, K, Imamura, M, Kaltsas, G, Broering, D, Wiedenmann, B, Al Nahhas, A, Lodge, P, Cosimelli, M, Grazi, G, Tang, Lh, Salazar, R, Grossman, Ab, Dejong, C, Gores, G, Nagorney, Dm, Mazzaferro, V, Jensen, R, Lesurtel, M, Falconi, M, Hellmann, P, O'Toole, D, Olauson, M, Le Treut, Y, Burroughs, Ak, Valle, J, Kianmanesch, R, Sowa Staszczak, A, Milicevic, M, Lencioni, RICCARDO ANTONIO, Ramage, J, Sangro, B, Kennedy, A, Bester, L, Salem, R, Sharma, R, Parks, R, Bodei, L, Muller Brand, J, Kvols, L, Manas, D, Ramos, J, Wasan, H., Frilling, Andrea, Modlin Irvin, M., Kidd, Mark, Russell, Christopher, Breitenstein, Stefan, Salem, Riad, Kwekkeboom, Dik, Lau Wan, Yee, Klersy, Catherine, Vilgrain, Valerie, Davidson, Brian, Siegler, Mark, Caplin, Martyn, Solcia, Enrico, Schilsky, Richard, Falconi, Massimo, Andrea, Frilling, Modlin, Irvin M., Mark, Kidd, Christopher, Russell, Stefan, Breitenstein, Riad, Salem, Dik, Kwekkeboom, Wan-yee, Lau, Catherine, Klersy, Valerie, Vilgrain, Brian, Davidson, Mark, Siegler, Martyn, Caplin, Enrico, Solcia, Richard, Schilsky, for the Working Group on Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases,, Grazi, G., Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, and Internal Medicine

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, MEDLINE, clinical practice guidelines, hepatic metastases, prognostic factors, surgical management, Neuroendocrine tumors, surgical management, Systemic therapy, NO, medicine, Hepatectomy, Humans, hepatic metastases, Intensive care medicine, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, prognostic factors, Interventional radiology, medicine.disease, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Surgery, Clinical Practice, Neuroendocrine Tumors, Oncology, Genomic information, business, Working group, clinical practice guidelines
Abstract

Many management strategies exist for neuroendocrine liver metastases. These strategies range from surgery to ablation with various interventional radiology procedures, and include both regional and systemic therapy with diverse biological, cytotoxic, or targeted agents. A paucity of biological, molecular, and genomic information and an absence of data from rigorous trials limit the validity of many publications detailing management. This Review represents the views from an international conference, for which 15 expert working groups prepared evidence-based assessments addressing specific questions, and from which an independent jury derived final recommendations. The aim of the conference was to review the existing approaches to neuroendocrine liver metastases, assess the evidence on which management decisions were based, develop internationally acceptable recommendations for clinical practice (when evidence was available), and make recommendations for clinical and research endeavours. This report represents the final clinical statements and proposals for future research. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2014

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