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Additional file 1. Fig. S1: Alpha diversity indices of the cephalopod gut microbiota. (a) Number of observed species. (b) Chao1 index. (c) Shannon diversity. (d) Faith’s PD. The letters above the whisker indicate significant differences (p 1% are shown; those with an abundance of

The process of withdrawing publications is itself the inherent process of scholarly communication. The problem is how retracted publications are managed in the bibliographic database and used by researchers with citation. The increase of retraction is relevant to the reliability and reproducibility of the scientific research results. In this study, we review the main features of the retracted publications in Korea and examine how the retracted publications are managed in two frequently used bibliographic databases (Web of Science & Korea Citation Index) in Korea. Finally, we compare the times cited before and after retraction to understand how researchers cite the retracted publications.

Academic papers have been played as a protagonist to disseminate the expertise. Naturally, analysing paper citation pattern is an efficient and essential mean for investigating the knowledge structure of science and technology. For decades, it has been observed that citation of scientific literature follows a heterogeneous and fat-tailed distribution, and many of them suggest power-law distribution or its siblings. However, many studies are limited to small-scale approaches; it is thus hard to generalize. Tackling this issue, we investigate 21 years of citation evolution through systematic analysis entire citation history of 42,423,644 scientific literature published from 1996 to 2016 contained in SCOPUS. We tested six candidate distributions for the papers in three distinct levels of SJR (Scimago Journal & Country Rank) classification scheme. First, we observe the raw number of annual citation acquisitions tend to follow the log-normal distribution for all disciplines, except the first year of the publication. We also find the significant disparity of yearly acquired citation number among the journals, which suggests that it is essential to remove the citation surplus inherited from the prestige of the journals. Our simple method that separating citation preference of individual article from the inherited citation of the journals reveals unexpected regularity on the normalized annual acquisitions of citation for the entire fields of science. Specifically, the probability distributions of annual citation acquisitions behave as power-law with an exponential cut-off of the exponents around 2.3, regardless of its publication and citation year. Our result implies that intensity of attention for a scientific article also follows a fat-tailed distribution, which is power-law with an exponential cut-off.

Academic papers have been the protagonists in disseminating expertise. Naturally, paper citation pattern analysis is an efficient and essential way of investigating the knowledge structure of science and technology. For decades, it has been observed that citation of scientific literature follows a heterogeneous and heavy-tailed distribution, and many of them suggest a power-law distribution, log-normal distribution, and related distributions. However, many studies are limited to small-scale approaches; therefore, it is hard to generalize. To overcome this problem, we investigate 21 years of citation evolution through a systematic analysis of the entire citation history of 42,423,644 scientific literatures published from 1996 to 2016 and contained in SCOPUS. We tested six candidate distributions for the scientific literature in three distinct levels of Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) classification scheme. First, we observe that the raw number of annual citation acquisitions tends to follow the log-normal distribution for all disciplines, except for the first year of the publication. We also find significant disparity between the yearly acquired citation number among the journals, which suggests that it is essential to remove the citation surplus inherited from the prestige of the journals. Our simple method for separating the citation preference of an individual article from the inherited citation of the journals reveals an unexpected regularity in the normalized annual acquisitions of citations across the entire field of science. Specifically, the normalized annual citation acquisitions have power-law probability distributions with an exponential cut-off of the exponents around 2.3, regardless of its publication and citation year. Our results imply that journal reputation has a substantial long-term impact on the citation., 8 pages, 7 figures

Scientometric indicators have been used for decades to evaluate research performance and establish R&D policies in many countries. There have been reports dealing with bibliometric and patent indicators. Although some approach based on the combination of publication and patent data are reported (e.g. A.F.J. van Raan, 2017; A.F.J. van Raan and J.J.Winnink, 2018), there are not many direct comparative studies on papers and patent indicators. In this study, we intend to perform a comparative study of paper and patent indicators focusing on graphene research which has been widely studied not only in the basic science but also in industrial applications in recent 15 years. By using the ‘Insightful Integrated Indicators Metrics(i*Metrics)’ system developed by Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information(KISTI), scientometric indicators are calculated to identify research activities, impact, collaboration and technological convergence by country. The mapping and clustering based on the similarity of the computed indicators is carried out to characterize the country profiles on graphene research.

The application of scientometric indicators is crucial to both research evaluation and the advance of science itself also (Chen & Song, 2017). In keeping with these factors, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) developed the 'Insightful Integrated Indicators Metrics (i*Metrics)' to calculate scientometric indicators for journal publications and patents. In this study, we investigate the research profiling of gender studies for 11 countries using journal papers published from 1999 to 2017 by KISTI i*Metrics system with 11 indicators.

Scientometric indicators have been used for decades to evaluate research performance and establish R&D policies in many countries. There have been reports dealing with bibliometric and patent indicators. Although some approach based on the combination of publication and patent data are reported (e.g. A.F.J. van Raan, 2017; A.F.J. van Raan and J.J.Winnink, 2018), there are not many direct comparative studies on papers and patent indicators. In this study, we intend to perform a comparative study of paper and patent indicators focusing on graphene research which has been widely studied not only in the basic science but also in industrial applications in recent 15 years. By using the ‘Insightful Integrated Indicators Metrics(i*Metrics)’ system developed by Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information(KISTI), scientometric indicators are calculated to identify research activities, impact, collaboration and technological convergence by country. The mapping and clustering based on the similarity of the computed indicators is carried out to characterize the country profiles on graphene research.

The process of withdrawing publications is itself the inherent process of scholarly communication. The problem is how retracted publications are managed in the bibliographic database and used by researchers with citation. The increase of retraction is relevant to the reliability and reproducibility of the scientific research results. In this study, we review the main features of the retracted publications in Korea and examine how the retracted publications are managed in two frequently used bibliographic databases (Web of Science & Korea Citation Index) in Korea. Finally, we compare the times cited before and after retraction to understand how researchers cite the retracted publications.

VCU Theses and Dissertations