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Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is a widely used surgical method for renal stone management. However, it can be associated with several complications. Case: We report an acute hemothorax during PNL in 57-year-old male patient with a stone. After observing air bubbles at the diaphragm on the laparoscopic screen, we considered pulmonary complications. A chest radiograph demonstrated a shade that measured 130 mm wide and 70 mm long and fluid retention on the right side of the chest. During drainage of 200 ml of blood through a chest tube, the patient’s vital signs became unstable. After the patient received hydration and intravenous injection of vasopressor, his vital signs stabilized. Conclusions: Pulmonary complications due to pleural injury during PNL can result in death, but the complications can be managed by early diagnosis and treatment. Close cooperation between surgeon and anesthesiologist and routine chest radiographs after PNL can reduce the pulmonary complications.

본 연구의 목적은 지금까지 사회 · 복지를 중심으로 연구되었던 도시의 고령친화 평가지표에서 벗어나 물리적 환경 중심의 지표를 개발하고자 하였다. 국내 선행연구들의 지표는 WHO(World Health Organization)의 고령친화도시 가이드라인에 의한 것이며 주관적인 설문조사에 의존하고 있어, 다른 지역에 동일한 조건으로 적용이 어렵게 개발되었다. 그래서 고령자의 실생활에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 물리적 환경 중심의 객관적이며 측정 가능한 지표를 개발하고자 하였다. 국내외 선행연구에서 선별된 1차 지표(157개) 중 국내 주요기관들로부터 자료구득이 가능한 2차 지표(55개)를 만60세 이상 167명을 대상으로 고령친화와의 관련성에 대해 설문조사하였다. 고령자 입장에서 바라본 최종 지표는 총 52개이며 물리적 환경(22개), 건강 · 복지(11개), 사회(9개), 경제(10개) 영역으로 구분하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 고령친화도시 지표를 활용하여 지역별 수준을 진단하고, 부족한 지표의 관련된 분야를 보완하는 사업에 우선순위를 부여함으로써 지역특성에 맞는 바람직한 고령친화 정책개발이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

Batch enzymatic hydrolysis of egg yolk protein by protease was carried out at laboratory scale coupled to an ultrafiltration module. Effect of ethanol concentrations on the performance of enzymatic hydrolysis was studied to determine the optimum condition of recovery of hydrolysate. The enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted stepwise with following conditions, , pH 10.0 and pH 6.5. Ethanol concentration was changed from 10 to (w/w). As ethanol concentration was increased, the recovery yield of total solid and protein in enzymatic hydrolysate was also increased. The content of sialic acid and protein in hydrolysate was independent of ethanol concentration. We also investigated the effect of ethanol concentration on the performance of ultrafiltration. As the concentration of ethanol in yolk protein was increased, the recovery yield of product was increased. Ultra­filtration of egg yolk protein hydrolysate was conducted to increase the content of sialic acid. Four ultrafiltation modules were used in this study, and we evaluated the performance of the UF modules. When Amicon module was used, the recovery percentage of total solid in retentate was , which is the highest among the modules used. In spite of the difference in the recovery yield of total solid, the purity of sialic acid in retentate was about , which was 5 times higher than that in feed. It was concluded that the recovery yield and the purity of sialic acid did not correlate with the types of modules and the size of MWCO.