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Titel, Inhalt und Dank 0\. Zusammenfassung 1\. Theoretische Grundlagen 1.1. Sexualforschung 1.2. Biologische Grundlagen 1.3. Sexuelle Entwicklung 1.4. Der weibliche Orgasmus 1.5. Sexuelles Erleben als Lernerfahrung 2\. Fragestellung und Hypothesen 3\. Durchführung und Methoden 3.1. Psychometrische Instrumente 3.2. Psychometrische Evaluation des Fragebogens 3.3. Durchführung und statistische Verfahren 4\. Ergebnisse 4.1. Ergebnisse Teil 1 4.2. Ergebnisse Teil 2 5\. Diskussion 5.1. Diskussion Teil 1 5.2. Diskussion Teil 2 6.Limitationen und Ausblick 7\. Literatur 8\. Anhang, Das Wissen über was normal im Sexuellen ist und wie sexuelles Erleben und Verhalten beeinflusst wird, stammt heute zu großen Teilen aus populären Medien, wie sogenannten Frauen- und in immer stärkerem Maße auch Männermagazinen. In Zeiten eines großen Wertepluralismus fehlt es oft an Orientierung und Maßstäben in dem Bedürfnis sein eigenes Erleben und Verhalten zu verorten und zu evaluieren. Sowohl empirische Sexualforschung, wie auch philosophische und kulturhistorische Forschung tragen eher zu der Variationsbreite bei als klare einfache Antworten zu liefern. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, mögliche psychosoziale Einflussfaktoren und ihre Auswirkungen auf das weibliche Sexualerleben explorativ zu untersuchen. Hauptaugenmerk liegt hierbei auf den psychologischen Erlebensdimensionen der weiblichen Sexualität. Die vorliegende Arbeit gliedert sich in 5 Bereiche. Im ersten Teil werden theoretische Grundlagen unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten erörtert. Es wird u.a. auf die Geschichte der Sexualforschung, die biologischen Grundlagen der weiblichen Sexualität und die psychologischen Aspekte der weiblichen sexuellen Entwicklung des sexuellen Erlebens von Frauen eingegangen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird auf den weiblichen Orgasmus gelegt. Im zweiten Teil wird die Fragestellung erläutert und die Hypothesen beschrieben. Das weibliche Sexualerleben wird hierbei konzeptionalisiert als (1) das Verlangen, das sexuelle Lusterleben also die Libido , (2) das Orgasmuserleben, in Häufigkeit und Intensität, und (3) die sexuelle Zufriedenheit. Der dritte Teil beinhaltet das methodische Vorgehen. Im vierten Teil werden die Ergebnisse in beschrieben. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die postulierten Zielvariablen einen Anteil gemeinsamer Variation aufweisen, jedoch durchaus unterschiedlichen Einflüssen unterliegen. So steigert sich z.B. das Orgasmuserleben mit zunehmendem Alter, wohingegen das sexuelle Verlangen abnimmt. Die Beziehungszufriedenheit ist altersunabhängig. Ferner konnte die von Brähler (1997) getroffene Aussage, dass es kaum noch Zusammenhänge zwischen soziodemographischen Variablen, wie Herkunft, Bildung und Religion den Variablen des sexuellen Erlebens gäbe, bestätigt werden. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich die große Bedeutung der Beziehungszufriedenheit für die sexuelle Zufriedenheit. Wohingegen Libido und Orgasmuserleben einen stärker idiosynkratischen Charakter aufzuweisen scheinen. Im abschließenden fünften Teil werden die gefundenen Ergebnisse vor dem Hintergrund theoretischer Überlegungen und methodischer Limitationen diskutiert und es Implikationen für weitere Forschung abgeleitet., The knowledge about what is considered normal when it comes down to issues of sexuality nowadays is mostly provided by the media as in women magazines and more and more commonly also in magazine for men. In times of a broad variety of general values in society there seems to be a need for standards, rules and norms to evaluated ones own sexual behaviour and experiences. Research from different fields rather seems to enlarge this problem than provide straight answers and guidelines. The aim of this study was to examine possible influences on the sexual behaviour and experience of women, with a focus on the psychological dimensions of female sexuality. This dissertation is subdivided into five parts: In the first part, theoretical considerations regarding the history of research on sexuality, biology and psychological aspects of sexual development over lifespan are outlined. The topic of the female orgasm receives special attention. The second part contains research question and hypothesis. Sexual experience is conceptualised as (1) desire for sexual activity, further referred to as libido , (2) experience of orgasms in quality and quantity and (3) sexual satisfaction. The third part explains psychometric and statistical methods. In the fourth part the results are displayed. It was shown that the postulated outcome variables are confounded but also underlie separate influences. For example there is an increase in orgasm experience with age while the libido decreases with age. The sexual satisfaction showed no significant changes in time. Furthermore the observation made by Brähler (1997) that sexual variables are less and less connected with sociodemographic aspects as education, family background and religion could be confirmed by the current data. It was also shown how the quality of the relationship is very important for the female sexual satisfaction. While libido and orgasm experience seem to be more idiosyncratic. The final fifth part discusses the results with regards to the theoretical considerations and methodical limitations concluding with implications for further research.

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) notably affects adults of working age. For persons with MS (PwMS), being employed enhances their quality of life and it may be regarded as an indicator of overall functioning. Thus, ensuring work participation in PwMS is of general public health interest. Objective To examine relevant socio-demographic, MS-, health- and work-related factors, including psychosocial working conditions, associated with currently working PwMS in Switzerland and their expected work retention. Methods Using cross-sectional data of PwMS in the Swiss MS Registry (n = 541, median age = 48 [IQR 40;55]), multivariable logistic regression models were computed. First, currently working PwMS were characterised in comparison with those not currently working. Second, expected work retention, operationalized as subjective judgement “likely to work in the same job in 2 years”, was examined within the group of currently working PwMS. Results The factors age (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99), sex (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.13–0.60), highest achieved job position (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01–1.46), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04) and the number of MS symptoms (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98) were associated with currently working PwMS. Moreover, HRQoL (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.10) and psychosocial working conditions, such as job resources (e.g. autonomy, control or social support) (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.50–5.33) and job demands (e.g. workload, time pressure) (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.90) were important factors for expected work retention among this group. Conclusions Resourceful psychosocial working conditions are crucial for PwMS to maintain employment. Employers could contribute to work retention among PwMS by creating a work environment with resourceful psychosocial working conditions and providing, for instance, social support.

Privacy is a well-understood concept in the physical world, with us all desiring some escape from the public gaze. However, while individuals might recognise locking doors as protecting privacy, they have difficulty practising equivalent actions online. Privacy salience considers the tangibility of this important principle; one which is often obscured in digital environments. Through extensively surveying a range of studies, we construct the first taxonomies of privacy salience. After coding articles and identifying commonalities, we categorise works by their methodologies, platforms and underlying themes. While web browsing appears to be frequently analysed, the Internet-of-Things has received little attention. Through our use of category tuples and frequency matrices, we then explore those research opportunities which might have been overlooked. These include studies of targeted advertising and its affect on salience in social networks. It is through refining our understanding of this important topic that we can better highlight the subject of privacy., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures

We present a new information-theoretic result which we call the Chaining Lemma. It considers a so-called "chain" of random variables, defined by a source distribution X-(0) with high min-entropy and a number (say, t in total) of arbitrary functions (T-1,...,T-t) which are applied in succession to that source to generate the chain X-(0) (sic) X-(1) (sic) X-(2)...(sic) X-(t). Intuitively, the Chaining Lemma guarantees that, if the chain is not too long, then either (i) the entire chain is "highly random", in that every variable has high min-entropy; or (ii) it is possible to find a point j (1