Search

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Hydrodynamic diameters and PDI of CNSD after storage in 1�� PBS buffer (pH = 7.4) during 10 days (n = 3). Fig. S2. NIR images of CNS0, CNSC, CNSJ, and CNSD ([CuS] = 100 ��g mL-1) under the NIR-II laser irradiation (1064 nm, 1.0 W cm���2) for 5 min. Fig. S3. The time constant for heat transfer from the system is determined by applying the linear time data from the cooling period of (a) versus the negative natural logarithm of driving force temperature. Fig. S4. Release of CpG from CNSD with or without laser irradiation (1064-nm, 1 W cm���2) for 5 min (the concentrations of CuS and CpG for CNSD were 100 and 2.3 ��g/mL, respectively). Fig. S5. Schematic illustration of the synthesis of ICG-loaded CNS nanoparticles (CNS0@ICG, CNSC@ICG, CNSJ@ICG, CNSD@ICG) for tracing the nanoparticle trajectory. Fig. S6. UV-vis absorption spectrums of CNS0@ICG, CNSC@ICG, CNSJ@ICG, and CNSD@ICG. Fig. S7. Fluorescence intensity of 4T1 cells treated with PBS (control) or various ICG-loaded CNS nanoparticles ([ICG] = 20 ��g mL���1) for 24 h via flow cytometry. Fig. S8. Relative mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CRT in Panc02 cells after different treatments. Fig. S9. The NIR fluorescence imaging of xenograft Panc02tumor-bearing C57BL/6 living mice at 0, 8, 24, and 36 h after systemic administration of CNS@ICG through tail-vein administration (0.2 mL, [ICG] = 2 mg kg-1). The fluorescence images were collected with excitation at 710 nm and emission at 790 nm, and the tumors were marked by white circles. (b) The fluorescence intensity of tumor regions of mice at different post-injection times of (n = 3). Fig. S10. (a) NIR thermal photos of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice under laser irradiation at 24 h post-injection of PBS, CNS0, CNSC, CNSJ, and CNSD through tail-vein injection (0.2 mL, the concentration of CuS = 300 ��g/mL for CNS0, CNSC, CNSJ, and CNSD); (b) Temperature elevation curves of tumors in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice after administration of Control (PBS), CNS0, CNSC, CNSJ and CNSD under NIR-II laser illumination (1064 nm, 1W cm-2, 5 min). Fig. S11. Gating strategies for flow cytometry assay of matured CD80+CD86+ DCs in tumor-draining lymph nodes of Panc02 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Fig. S12. Western-blot analysis of JQ1-induced downregulation of PD-L1 in Panc02 cells (200 nM of JQ1 and 100 ng/ml of IFN-��). Fig. S13. Gating strategy for flow cytometry assay of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in distant tumors of Panc02 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Fig. S14. A volcano plot showing the up-regulated or insignificantly expressed or down-regulated genes when comparing the CNSD-treated group with the Control (PBS) group. Fig. S15. Body weights of Panc02 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice in different groups within 14 days of treatment (Control (PBS), CNS0, CNSC, CNSJ and CNSD, 0.2 mL, [CuS] = 300 ��g/mL, n = 5). Fig. S16. Body weights of 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice in different groups within 14 days of treatment (Control (PBS), CNS0, CNSC, CNSJ and CNSD, 0.2 mL, [CuS] = 300 ��g/mL, n = 5). Fig. S17. Representative histological H&E staining images of major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) were collected from Panc02 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice in different treatment groups at the end of treatment (Control (PBS), CNS0, CNSC, CNSJ and CNSD, 0.2 mL, [CuS] = 300 ��g/mL). The scale bar represents 50 ��m. Fig. S18. Representative histological H&E staining photos of major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) in healthy C57BL/6 mice before treatment (Control) and after tail-intravenous injection of CNSD (0.2 mL, [CuS] = 00 ��g/mL) for 15 (Day 15) and 30 days (Day 30). The scale bar represents 50 ��m. Fig. S19. The levels of (a) alanine aminotransferase (ALT), (b) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), (c) ��-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), (d) urea, (e) creatinine (CREA), (f) red blood cells (RBC), (g) hemoglobin (HGB), (h) mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), (i) hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), (j) red cell distribution width (RDW-SD), (k) red cell volume distribution width (RDW-CV), (l) platelet (PLT), (m) plateletcrit (PCT), (n) mean platelet volume (MPV), and (o) platelet distribution width (PDW) in the blood of healthy C57BL/6 mice before treatment (D0) and after tail-intravenous administration of CNSD (0.2 mL, [CuS] = 300 ��g/mL) for 15 (D15), and 30 days (D30) (n = 3).

The Single Event Functional Interruption (SEFI) effect of the atmospheric neutron radiation in microprocessor parts of automotive electronic systems is analyzed in this study. The white neutron source of CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source) is used for three automotive electronic Systems to neutron radiation test in the microprocessors in the systems. It shows that the neutron fluence threshold of SEFI varies greatly with the feature size of the device. The 40 nm process device with large feature size do not failure at 5xl09n/cm2neutron fluence, but SEFI phenomenon occurs in both devices of 28nm process. The SEFI section and soft error rate of the 28nm process MPU microprocessors are calculated, and the soft error rate is above 103FIT, far exceeding the soft failure rate requirements of automotive electronic systems. It can be seen that large-scale advanced process integrated circuits in automotive electronic systems are susceptible to atmospheric neutron radiation effects, and it will affect automotive safety issues.

Royal jelly (RJ), a natural secretion of nurse bees, is a functional food with health-promoting properties. To investigate RJ quality changes with enhanced output and harvesting time, we compared metabolic profiles of RJ harvested at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after larval grafting into queen cells from Italian bees (ITBs) and high RJ-producing bees (RJBs) selected from ITBs. A total of 77 high-abundance compounds were identified with reverse-phase liquid chromatography– and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. Metabolite abundance, water content, and antibacterial activity were found largely unchanged between both bee strains, indicating that a similar RJ quality was achieved. Notably, the observed 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content in RJBs (1.98%) and ITBs (2.41%) meet the standard for premium RJ in China. RJ harvested at 48 h and 72 h had similar metabolic profiles, indicating little influence of the two harvesting times on RJ quality. The harvesting at 24 h could lead to a higher RJ quality with higher abundance levels of many bioactive compounds and lower water content. Our data based mainly on RJ metabolic composition constitute evidence for mass production of high-quality RJ.

IMPORTANCE: Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) is the most serious adverse reaction associated with dapsone administration and one of the major causes of death in patients with leprosy, whose standard treatment includes multidrug therapy (MDT) with dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. Although the HLA-B*13:01 polymorphism has been identified as the genetic determinant of DHS in the Chinese population, no studies to date have been done to evaluate whether prospective HLA-B*13:01 screening could prevent DHS by identifying patients who should not receive dapsone. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical use of prospective HLA-B*13:01 screening for reduction of the incidence of DHS by excluding dapsone from the treatment for patients with HLA-B*13:01–positive leprosy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective cohort study was conducted from February 15, 2015, to April 30, 2018, in 21 provinces throughout China. A total of 1539 patients with newly diagnosed leprosy were enrolled who had not received dapsone previously. After excluding patients who had a history of allergy to sulfones or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, 1512 individuals underwent HLA-B*13:01 genotyping. All of the patients were followed up weekly for the first 8 weeks after treatment to monitor for adverse events. EXPOSURES: Patients who were HLA-B*13:01 carriers were instructed to eliminate dapsone from their treatment regimens, and noncarrier patients received standard MDT. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the incidence of DHS. The historical incidence rate of DHS (1.0%) was used as a control. RESULTS: Among 1512 patients (1026 [67.9%] men, 486 [32.1%] women; mean [SD] age, 43.1 [16.2] years), 261 (17.3%) were identified as carriers of the HLA-B*13:01 allele. A total of 714 adverse events in 384 patients were observed during the follow-up period. Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome did not develop in any of the 1251 patients who were HLA-B*13:01–negative who received dapsone, while approximately 13 patients would be expected to experience DHS, based on the historical incidence rate of 1.0% per year (P = 2.05 × 10(−5)). No significant correlation was found between other adverse events, including dermatologic or other events, and HLA-B*13:01 status. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Prospective HLA-B*13:01 screening and subsequent elimination of dapsone from MDT for patients with HLA-B*13:01–positive leprosy may significantly reduce the incidence of DHS in the Chinese population.

To understand function of NR gene roundly and get new breeding material, the NR gene was down-regulated by antisense inhibition and the reaction of physiological and growth and development were roundly researched in nr mutants of tomato. The result shows that the wild-type fruits (wt) have higher level of expression of NR gene than nr1, nr2, nr3, nr4. Ethylene synthesis of all mutants was much lower than of wt in all fruit ripening stage. The transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and cell membrane permeability were higher and respiration rate was lower in nr1, nr2 than in wt plants and intercellular CO2 concentration was higher in nr1 than in wt with T1 leaves. The number of branches was less and the length of internode and diameter of stem was more in nr lines than in wt. The color changes were substantially delayed in mutant fruits. The mutant fruit in nr1, nr2 reached the breaker stage of development at approximately 7 weeks, 7–9 days delayed compared with wt. The fruit of nr1, nr2 reached the hypermature stage of development at approximately 12.5 weeks, 37–38 days delayed compared with wt. The rot percent and weight loss percent of fruits was lower and the stem pull force was stronger in nr1 than in wt in room store. The result could be relative to interplay of receptors and functionally redundant of ethylene receptors.

The advantage and disadvantage of the IT system and the system's actuality are expatiated. Kinds of standards in low-voltage power distribution system about the IT system neutral conductor can be distributed or not are discussed. The neutral conductor in IT system can be distributed or not is depended on its insulation monitoring. The principle of IT system insulation monitoring device in action on the neutral conductor insulation damage and the impact on the system are discussed, the neutral conductor in IT system can be distributed is proved, and this kind of system should be more widely applied.

The anomalously rapid decrease in the surface rotation rates of G dwarfs between the ages of the α Persei and Pleiades clusters has been attributed by some authors to the temporary decoupling of the convective envelope from the radiative interior. We investigate the implications of this suggestion for the evolution of the rotational velocity distributions in open clusters using a parametrized model of standard magnetic braking with varying strength of core-envelope coupling. We find that for solar-type stars only a weak coupling model, in which little of the angular momentum stored in the core of a fast rotator has been transferred to the envelope by the age of the Hyades, can provide a reasonable fit to the observed rotational distributions at the ages of the α Per, the Pleiades and the Hyades clusters

The hypopharyngeal gland (HG) of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) produces royal jelly (RJ) that is essential to feed and raise broods and queens. A strain of bees (high royal jelly producing bee, RJb) has been selected for its high RJ production, but the mechanisms of its higher yield are not understood. In this study, we compared HG acini size, RJ production, and protein differential expressions between the RJb and nonselected honeybee (Italian bee, ITb) using proteomics in combination with an electron microscopy, Western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Generally, the HG of both bees showed age-dependent changes in acini sizes and protein expression as worker behaviors changed from brood nursing to nectar ripening, foraging, and storage activities. The electron microscopic analysis revealed that the HG acini diameter of the RJb strain was large and produced 5 times more RJ than the ITb, demonstrating a positive correlation between the yield and HG acini size. In addition, the proteomic analysis showed that RJb significantly upregulated a large group of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and energy production, those involved in protein biosynthesis, development, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide and fatty acid, transporter, protein folding, cytoskeleton, and antioxidation, which coincides with the fact that the HGs of the RJb strain produce more RJ than the ITb strain that is owing to selection pressure. We also observed age-dependent major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) changing both in form and expressional intensity concurrent with task-switching. In addition to MRJPs, the RJb overexpressed proteins such as enolase and transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase, protein biosynthesis, and development proteins compared to the ITb strain to support its large HG growth and RJ secretion. Because of selection pressure, RJb pursued a different strategy of increased RJ production by involving additional proteins compared to its original counterpart ITb. To our knowledge, this morphological and proteomic comparison study on the HG of the two strains of worker honeybees associated with their age-dependent division of labor is the first of its kind. The study provided not only the quantity and quality differences in the HG from the RJb and the ITb, but also addressed the cellular and behavioral biology development question of how the RJb strain can produce RJ more efficiently than its wild type strain (ITb).

This paper discusses the chief techniques and design principles of an embedded virtual digital storage oscilloscope, which have two working mode: oscilloscope and data acquisition. The instrument consists of pre-process circuit, A/D converter, on-board memories, high-speed clock generator and control circuit integrated in FPGA. It can concatenate embedded CPU main board through PC/104 bus, and also can achieve 8-bit resolution allowing up to 1 GHz sampling rate with 256KByte/channel on-board real-time memory.

This paper discusses the chief techniques and design principles of an ultra high speed data acquisition and processing module, which aims to solve dynamic, transitional and transient signal measurement. The module consists of A/D converter, on-board memories ,DSP processor and control circuit integrated in FPGA. It can achieve 8-bit resolution allowing up to 1 GHz sampling rate with 512 Mbyte on-board real-time memory. The DSP processor is the module controller, also can be controlled by host PC through PCI bus interface. Voluminous data transfer is very easy to complete. DSP has the advantage of data real-time processing and data preprocessing such as FFT, FIR etc. It greatly improved the performance of the data acquisition module. The module can carry out two record mode: continuous record and pre/post record, two trigger mode: internal trigger and external trigger, two storage mode: on-board real-time 512 Mbyte memory storage and hard disk storage. This can basically meet all kinds of application.

We review the basic theory of angular momentum loss via a magnetically channelled stellar wind. Various forms of power-law dependence of the instantaneous braking rate on the stellar rotation rate are derived. Observational constraints on the rotational evolution of young solar-type stars in open clusters and the field are used to calibrate and test the braking laws at rotation rates up to 100 times the solar rate.