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Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of micro-architectural bone tissue. The most common type of OP is postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), with fragility fractures becoming a global burden for women. Recently, the gut microbiota has been connected to bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to characterize the gut microbiota signatures in PMOP patients and controls. Fecal samples from 21 PMOP patients and 37 controls were collected and analyzed using amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The bone mineral density (BMD) measurement and laboratory biochemical test were performed on all participants. Two feature selection algorithms, maximal information coefficient (MIC) and XGBoost, were employed to identify the PMOP-related microbial features. Results showed that the composition of gut microbiota changed in PMOP patients, and microbial abundances were more correlated with total hip BMD/T-score than lumbar spine BMD/T-score. Using the MIC and XGBoost methods, we identified a set of PMOP-related microbes; a logistic regression model revealed that two microbial markers (Fusobacteria and Lactobacillaceae) had significant abilities in disease classification between the PMOP and control groups. Taken together, the findings of this study provide new insights into the etiology of OP/PMOP, as well as modulating gut microbiota as a therapeutic target in the diseases. We also highlight the application of feature selection approaches in biological data mining and data analysis, which may improve the research in medical and life sciences.

The ovaries, the main female reproductive organs, directly mediate ovulation and reproductive hormone secretion. These complex physiological processes are regulated by multiple genes and pathways. However, there is a lack of research on goat ovaries, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the signaling pathways remain unclear. In this study, Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing was used to sequence the transcriptomes of goat ovaries. The expression patterns of differentially expressed mRNAs in goat ovaries at both the follicular and luteal phases were determined by bioinformatics analysis. A total of 1,122, 014, 112 clean reads were obtained, and 3770 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified for further analysis. There were 1727 and 2043 upregulated mRNAs in the luteal phase and follicular phase, respectively. According to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, some mRNAs that were highly expressed in ovaries during the luteal phase, such as HSD17B7, 3BHSD, and SRD5A2, may be related to the synthesis of progesterone. In addition, some mRNAs that were highly expressed in ovaries during the follicular phase, such as RPL12, RPS13 and RPL10, are related to the growth and maturation of oocytes. Taken together, the findings of this study provide genome-wide mRNA expression profiles for goat ovaries at the follicular and luteal phases and identify mRNAs associated with goat hormone secretion and follicular development. In addition, this study provides a theoretical basis for further investigation of goat reproductive regulation.

The demand for point of care testing (POCT) in diagnostics has been increasing, especially in developing countries with low resources and poor settings. Isothermal amplification techniques overcome the need for temperature control, exhibiting advantages beyond polymerase chain reaction related techniques. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a sensitive, specific, rapid and simple method for amplification of both DNA and RNA, which has been rapidly developed and widely used in many microorganism detection applications. Combined with lateral flow assay (LFA) for readout, RPA-LFA can be potentially developed as a powerful in-field diagnostic tool for POCT. Here, we review recent achievements of RPA-LFA for the detection of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. A detailed protocol with related materials and reagents for RPA-LFA development is also presented. Future trends of RPA further development, including overcoming current drawbacks and the combination with CRISPR associated techniques are discussed at the end.

Electric pole is an important equipment to automatically open or close the tailgate of vehicle. To make its structure compact, a planetary reducer with fewer teeth is designed for the electric pole. Then, the mechanical and electrical analysis is applied to the electric pole. Mechatronics simulation is carried out in Matlab and the results show that the electric pole designed can reach specified angles.

Background The goat is an important farm animal. Reproduction is an important process of goat farming. The ovary is the most important reproductive organ for goats. In recent years, an increasing number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of mammal reproduction. However, there are few studies on the function of lncRNAs in reproduction, particularly lncRNAs in the ovary. Results The sequencing of goat ovaries generated 1,122,014,112 clean reads, and 4926 lncRNAs and 1454 TUCPs (transcripts of uncertain coding potential) were identified for further analysis by using the coding potential analysis software, CNCI, CPC and Pfam-sca. There were 115 /22 differential lncRNAs /TUCPs transcripts between the ovaries of the luteal phase and the follicular phase. We predicted the related genes of lncRNA /TUCP based on co-expression and co-localization methods. In total, 2584 /904 genes were predicted by co-expression, and 326/73 genes were predicted by co-localization. The functions of these genes were further analyzed with GO and KEGG analysis. The results showed that lncRNAs /TUCPs, which are highly expressed in goat ovaries in the luteal phase, are mainly associated with the synthesis of progesterone, and we filtered the lncRNAs /TUCPs, such as XR_001918177.1 and TUCP_001362, which may regulate the synthesis of progesterone; lncRNAs /TUCPs, which are highly expressed in goat ovaries in the follicular phase, are mainly associated with oogenesis and the maturation of oocytes, and we filtered the lncRNAs /TUCPs that may regulate the oogenesis and maturation of oocyte, such as XR_001917388.1 and TUCP_000849. Conclusion The present study provided the genome expression profile of lncRNAs /TUCPs in goat ovaries at different estrus periods and filtered the potential lncRNAs /TUCPs associated with goat reproduction. These results are helpful to further study the molecular mechanisms of goat reproduction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5268-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Vibration is one of the most important factors that decrease the service life of the manipulator. It can intensify the mechanical wear and reduce accuracy significantly. Except mechanical clearance and joints rotation, trajectory shape along the knot points also effects the vibration of the manipulator. Cubic spline is the common used interpolating method of trajectory planning. Although it can obtain continues trajectory and smooth acceleration, the jerk changes drastically near the given knot points. To overcome this problem, the Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA) is used to control the coefficients of cubic spline interpolating method. The simulation is carried out by using the model of a FANUC 200ic manipulator. The trajectory, acceleration and jerk are simulated for six joints separately. It is shown that by using QGA, both the acceleration and jerk become much smoother and the amplitude of jerk is reduced. This algorithm is efficient in vibration suppression for manipulator.

The delayed and irregular germination of Quercus seeds can negatively influence seedling quality and growth.The might be explained by several factores,including mechanical strength of the pericarp,secondary metabolites(e.g.tannins and polyphenols),plant hormones especially abscisic acid(ABA) and indoleacetic acid(IAA),and germination inhibitors.These chemicals produced in plants can prevent the seed germination of themselves or other species.The inhibitory substances in aqueous extracts of pericarp tissue which increased with acorn development have been found by Blanche.Moreover,the presence of inhibitory substances has also been confirmed in the pericarp of mature Quercus nigra acorns.However,the study on whether the germination inhibitors contained in different parts of oak acorns is still lacking.Acorns were divided into three parts: pericarp,cotyledon(cutting off 2/3 of the distal end of acorns) and embryo(here including embryo and 1/3 cotyledon around it).Then they were oven-dried(30°C),crushed and passed through 1-mm sieve.Subsequently,they were extracted in 80% methanol extracts and vacuum concentrated to 1 g/mL,some of which were diluted to 0.5 g/mL.In order to verify if the inhibitory substance in different parts of acorns can lead to delayed and uneven germination,germination percentage and root and shoot length of Beassica pekinensis seeds were investigated which cultivated in a Sanyo growth cabinet and watered by distilled water,80% methanol extracts and the extraction phase of methanol,of petroleum ether,of aether,of ethyl acetate,and of water from the acorn embryo,cotyledon and pericarp with concentrations of 1.0g and 0.5g dry acorn weight per ml methanol(g/mL).The results showed that(1) the germination percentage,shoot and root length of B.pekinensis seeds watered by 1.0 g/mL methanol extracts from embryo,cotyledon and pericarp of Q.variabilis,Q.aliena var.acuteserrata,Q.mongolica,Q.palustris and Q.acutissima seeds were significantly lower than those from control,and the inhibitory effect of germination rates gradually decreased,and 0.5 g/mL methanol extracts from embryo,cotyledon of Q.variabilis acorns reduced the germination percentage of B.pekinensis seeds,while no significant difference was detected in germination percentage of B.pekinensis seeds between those from pericarp of all tree species acorns and the control;(2) methanol extracts from embryo,cotyledon and pericarp of Q.robur and Q.×fangshanensis remarkably reduced shoot and root length of B.pekinensis seeds,but little response in germination percentage;(3) the inhibitory effect of Methanol extracts from embryo,cotyledon and pericarp declined in turn,with higher concentration of methanol extract having stronger inhibitory intension for each section of seeds;(4) the inhibitory strengthen of extraction phase of methanol among 5 extraction phases,was larger than that of extraction phase of ethyl acetate,resulting in the lowest germination rate,shoot or root length of B.pekinensis seeds,meanwhile,negative effects was observed in other extraction phases.The fact of extracted substances having stronger inhibitiory effect on the length of root and shoot than on the germination percentage of B.pekinensis,indicating that the inhibitors of oak seeds mainly restrict germination of root and shoot themselves,which could be the cause of the irregular germination.

The software sharing is the development trend of TT a C software, this paper analyzes the feasibility of it, selected the rocket telemetry software as a prototype verification system, put forward the design project by using the ICE middleware and component technology to realize it, and it has reference and guidance for TT a C software sharing research.

This thesis analyzed and compared the several kinds of traditional software testing process models,combined the character of the spaceflight TTC software,put forward the new software testing process model-butterfly model, research the TTC software testing process on the base of the butterfly model,in order to improve the quality of software exploitation and the efficiency of software testing.

With the development of education information management technology and the improvement of computer-network technology, the application of E-University system based on network becomes more and more extensive. On this condition, the need of security of web-based E-University system accordingly is higher than before. The paper firstly introduces the actuality and preventing measure of the network security briefly, then presents the establishment of this network security system based on the E-University system, which includes visit control, transmit control and server security control etc.